GIFT  OF 


c 


GERMAN  PROSE  COMPOSITION 


WITH   NOTES  AND    VOCABULARIES 


CARL  W.  F.   OSTHAUS 

PROFESSOR    OF    GERMAN    IN    INDIANA    UNIVERSITY 
AND 

ERNEST  H.   BIERMANN 

INSTRUCTOR   IN   GERMAN    IN    INDIANA   UNIVERSITY 


NEW  YORK  -:-  CINCINNATI  -:-  CHICAGO 

AMERICAN   BOOK   COMPANY 


Copyright,   1909,    by 
Carl  W.  F.  Osthaus 

AND 

Ernest  H.  Biermann 

ENTERED    AT    STATIONERS'    HALL,    LONDON 


German   Prose   Composition 
w.  P.    s 


r' 


.<\y 


/  f    •/// 


PREFACE 


The  present  volume  is  intended  for  the  second  and  third 
years  in  college,  and  for  the  third  and  fourth  years  in 
secondary  schools.  It  consists  of  three  parts,  an  elemen- 
tary, an  intermediate  and  advanced,  and  a  brief  digest 
of  syntax.  A  portion  of  the  exercises  in  the  elementary 
part  contain  three  sections,  a  German  section,  a  set  of  ques- 
tions in  German,  and  an  EngHsh  paraphrase  of  the  pre- 
ceding German  section  for  translation  into  German.  The 
German  section  should  be  thoroughly  studied  before  the 
translation  is  worked  out  by  the  class.  The  teacher  may 
add  more  questions  to  be  answered  in  German  if  time  per- 
mits, as  well  as  other  practice  work,  such  as  transposition 
into  different  tenses  or  persons,  change  to  indirect  and  direct 
discourse,  etc. 

The  footnotes  are  rather  copious  in  the  elementary  part, 
but  limited  to  a  small  number  in  the  intermediate  and  ad- 
vanced part. 

The  digest  of  syntax,  as  will  readily  be  seen,  is  intended 
chiefly  for  the  guidance  of  the  inexperienced,  and  should 
be  supplemented  by  the  grammar  with  which  the  student 
is  famihar.  The  teacher  can  greatly  aid  the  student  by 
giving  the  exact  references  in  the  grammar  used  by  the  class. 

It  has  been  the  endeavor  of  the  editors  to  arrange  the 
selections  according  to  their  difficulty,  and  it  is  hoped  that 
this  has  been  fairly  successful. 

In  conclusion,  the  editors  wdsh  to  express  their  obligation 

3 


4  :  PJlEtACE 

to  the  authors  whose  works  were  used  in  the  preparation 
of  the  text,  especially  Professor  R.  W.  ^loore  of  Colgate 
University,  and  likewise  to  Professor  B.  J.  \'os  of  Indiana 
University,  who  showed  his  interest  in  the  book  by  some 
helpful  suggestions  and  by  reading  the  proofs. 

The  Editors. 
Indiana  University. 


CONTENTS 

PART    FIRST 

Elementary 

PAGE 

1.  !^er  iDcirf^fjcrjige  Gmigrant 9 

2.  fragen 9 

3.  The  Tender-Hearted  Emigrant 9 

4.  3nte  Äamcroben 9 

5-   fragen 10 

6.  Old  Comrades 10 

7.  Sine  gute  Sfnttüort         10 

8.  j^ragen 11 

9.  A  Good  Answer 11 

10.  SBeniamin  i^ranfüuö  Jrinffpruc^ n 

11.  (fragen 12 

12.  Benjamin  Franklin's  Toast 12 

13.  3)ie  anbcre  §anb 13 

14.  fragen 13 

15.  The  Other  Hand 13 

16.  SBeffen  9^egen[cf)irm? 14 

17.  (fragen 14 

18.  Whose  Umbrella? 14 

19.  SBiffeix  i[t  9J?adöt 15 

20.  t^rngen 15 

21.  Knowledge  is  Power 16 

22.  3)ie  erfte  (Sdjlacfit  ^rtebrid)^  bcö  ®ro^en 16 

23.  i^ragett 17 

24.  The  First  Battle  of  Frederick  the  Great 17 

25.  SBa^re  ^f^ac^ftenliebe 18 

26.  fragen 18 

«7'    True  Love  for  One's  Neighbor 18 

5 


6  CONTENTS 

PAGE 

28.  SBurft  rt)iber  SBurft 19 

29.  i^va^m 20 

30.  Tit  for  Tat 20 

31.  ^ie  ^rinjeffin  SOJärc^en 21 

32.  Princess  Fairy-Tale 22 

33.  X)ie  ^rinjeffin  9JcQrtf;cn  (S(^Iu§) 23 

34.  fragen 24 

35.  Princess  Fairy-Tale  (concluded) 24 

36.  :DIc  Jungfrau  auf  bem  Muriel) 25 

37.  5^ragcn 26 

38.  The  Maiden  of  the  Lurley 27 

39.  2)ic  Jungfrau  auf  bem  Zuriet)  (3  cl)(ufe) 28 

40.  }^vaQcn 28 

41.  The  Maiden  of  the  Lurley  {concluded) 29 

42.  Balder's  Death 30 

43.  Balder's  Death  {continued) 31 

44.  Balder's  Death  {concluded) 32 

45.  The  Legend  of  St.  Christopher 7,1, 

46.  The  Legend  of  St.  Christopher  {continued) 34 

47.  The  Legend  of  St.  Christopher  {concluded) 35 

48.  Thor 37 

49.  Thor  and  the  Giant  Thrym 38 

50.  The  Legend  of  Gudrun 39 

51.  The  Legend  of  Gudrun  {continued) 40 

52.  The  Legend  of  Gudrun  {continued) 41 

53.  The  Legend  of  Gudrun  {continued) 42 

54.  The  Legend  of  Gudrun  {continued) 43 

55.  The  Legend  of  Gudrun  {continued) 44 

56.  The  Legend  of  Gudrun  {concluded) 45 

57.  The  Vagabond 46 

58.  The  Vaerabond  {continued) 47 

59.  The  Vagabond   {concluded) 47 


CONTENTS 


7 


PAGE 

60.  Robinson  Crusoe 49 

61.  Robinson  Crusoe  (continued) 49 

62.  Robinson  Crusoe  (continued) 50 

63.  Robinson  Crusoe  (continued) 52 

64.  Robinson  Crusoe  (concluded) 53 

PART    SECOND 
Intermediate  and  Advanced 

65.  A  Walk  in  Summer 54 

66.  A  Group  of  German  Poets 57 

Chamisso 57 

Eichendorff 59 

Uhland 61 

67.  The  Margrave  of  Brandenburg 64 

68.  Reminiscences 81 

69.  Berlin 90 

70.  The  Cathedral  of  Cologne 93 

71.  The  Iron  City  of  Essen 98 

72.  German  Universities loi 

73.  The  Technical  High  Schools  of  the  German  Empire  .      .       .  104 

74.  German  Art 106 

PART    THIRD 

Digest  of  Syntax 

Punctuation 113 

The  Article 113 

The  Noun 114 

The  Pronoun 115 

The  Genitive 115 

The  Dative 116 

The  Accusative 116 

The  Verb 116 


g  CONTENTS 


PAGE 
Il6 


The  Passive 

The  Subjunctive "7 

The  Infinitive "^ 

The  Present  Participle "9 

The  Perfect  Participle _ ^^o 

Conjunctions,  Adverbs,  Pronominal  Adjectives 

Prepositions 

Word  Order 


1 20 
122 
122 


Vocabulary 

German-English ^^5 

English-German -^34 


GERMAN    PROSE    COMPOSITION 


PART    I  — ELEMENTARY 

Words  in  square  brackets  arc  not  to  be  translated.  Round  brackets  indicate 
the  German  rendering.  Heavy-face  figures  in  the  notes  indicate  the  paragraphs 
of  the  Digest  of  Syntax,  on  pages  1 13-124. 

I.  ^cr  njcit^^crjigc  (Emigrant 

3c^  faf)  cinft  einen  (5mic\rantcn,  bcr  mit  einer  fcf^meren  ?aft 

auf  bem  ^liicfen  auf  bent  'perron  eine<5  Straj^enbatjnmagenö  fu^r. 

^cr  Schaffner  fagte  3U  i()m,  cr  fo((e  boc^  fein  iöünbet  nieberfe^en. 

SBorauf  biefer  autmortetc,  bie  "^pferbe  f)ätten  genug  3U  tun,  um 

5  il)n  gu  siel)cn. 

2.   fragen 

1.  3Bo  tüar  ber  Emigrant? 

2.  SSaö  i-)attc  er  auf  bem  9?ücfen? 

3.  3Sa^  fagte  ber  ^c^affner  ju  bem  Emigranten? 

4.  iSaö  antwortete  biefer? 

3.   The  Tender^ -Hearted  Emigrant 

Punctuation,  the  use  of  the  hyphen.  The  normal  order.  The  in- 
verted order.  The  uses  of  the  preterit  and  perfect  tenses.  The 
present  tense  for  the  future.  The  position  of  the  separable  com- 
pounds.    The  position  of  the  dependent  infinitive  and  its  adjuncts. 

An  emigrant  with  a  heavy  bundle  on  his  back  was  riding 

on  the  platform  of  a  street  car.     The  conductor  said  to 

him:  "Put  the  bundle  down/  my  dear  man."     "No,"  the 

emigrant    repHed/    "the    horses   have   enough    to    do^    (in 

5  order)  to  pulP  me.     I  shall  carry  the  bundle." 

4.  5((tc  ^amcrabcn 

(Sine  ältliche  ^xan  tooKte  eine  (^an^  faufen.    5tuf  bem  5??arfte 
toaxcn  nur  jujei,  bie  ein  £nabe  ^um  53erfauf  anbot.    5)tefer  .Snabe 
^  Id.  257,59.  354b,  55.  ■'lb.  558b. 


lO  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

tDeigerte  fid),  fie  ein^^etn  311  üerfaiifcn.  XaQ  machte  bic  Jrau  neu- 
gierig, unb  fie  fragte  i()n,  njaiiim  er  bie  eine  nid)t  o()ne  bie  anbere 
5  ücrfaiifen  rtioKe?  3)arauf  eriuiberte  ber  .Rnabe,  feine  9)hitter  i)aht 
gefagt,  t)a\i  eö  graufam  fci,  bie  Öänfe,  meldte  fünf^e^n  ^a^xc  3U= 
fammengelebt  ()ättcn,  ^u  trennen. 

5.   fragen 

1.  3Bo^in  ging  bie  alte  grau? 

2.  SSie  üiele  (^änfe  f)attc  ber  ^nabe  gu  üerfaufen? 

3.  SSanim  muffte  bie  grau  beibe  faufenV 

4.  liefen  (Sie  bie  ^^(nefbote  in  ber  inbireften  Siebeform:  „Qv  fagtc, 

ba^  eine  ältUd)e  grau  .  .  ."!     See  Digest  of  Syntax,  29. 

6.    Old  Comrades 

The  translation  of  to  before  names  of  places.  The  article  in  prepo- 
sitional phrases.  The  use  of  the  article  with  proper  nouns.  The 
dependent  subjunctive  after  verbs  of  asking,  etc.  The  subjunctive 
in  indirect  questions. 

An  elderly  woman  went  to^  market  to  buy  a  goose. 
There  were  only  two.  The  boy-  who  had^  them  did  not 
want  to  sell''  one  without  the  other.  Therefore  the  lady 
bought'^  both.  She  was  inquisitive  and  asked  the  boy 
5  why  he  had®  refused  to  sell  them  separately.  The  boy 
replied:  "Mother  said,  because  the  geese  had'  lived  together 
fifteen  years,  it  would^  be  cruel  to  part  them." 

7.  Ginc  gute  9(ntrt)ort 

griebrid)  ber  ©rofie  inurbe  in  feiner  (elften  Äranf^eit  oon  bem 
berid)mten  ^(r^t,  T)ottox  ^iTumermann,  iir^tlid)  bef)anbelt.  Ter 
lönig  fagte  su  i^tn,  er  f)abe  mo()l  fd)on  nuindjcm  in  bic  anbere 
Sett  ge()o(fen.  3n  ber  ^Intmort,  bie  ber  ^i^lr^t  bem  Slöm(\c  gab, 
5  tüaren  3Öabrt)eit  unb  84meid)clei  üortreffliit  vereint:  „^lid)t  fo 
Dielen  n)ie  3i)xc  9J?ajeftät,  nod)  mit  fo  incl  (i1)rc  für  mid)  fclbft.'' 

'  narf)  bcni  or  auf  ben,  sec  S2a  and  b.  ••  54b.  •  29c. 

2  la.  '540,56.  '57.  '29,29b.  **  54b. 


ELEMENTARY  II 


8.    J^roflcn 


1.  5Ber  luar  gricbrid)  ber  (^roßeV 

2.  illHU-uiii  {'\t{]  bcr  .Üönig  ben  iHqt  rufen? 

3.  !ilsa{<  bcnfeu  2le  Don  bcr  'Hiitiuort  be^  ^Ir^tc^V 

4.  I'efcn  3ic  bie  S^^^O^  '^^^'^  .Uönigvj  in  bcr  bircftcn  ^licbcform! 

9.    A  Good  Answer 

The  infinitive  with  urn.  The  inllcction  of  pronominal  adjectives  mand), 
öici.  Translation  of  as  in  comparative  clauses.  The  adverbial  geni- 
tive of  time.  The  apposition  of  nouns.  The  relative  pronoun  in 
the  relative  clause. 

Dr.  Zimmermann,  a  celebrated  physician  of  the  city  of^ 
Hanover,  went  to-  BerHn  (in  order)  to  attend^  Frederick 
the  Great  in  his  last  sickness.  One  day^  the  king  said  to 
him:  ''You  have  presumably^  helped  many®  a  man  into  the 
5  other  world?"  This  was  a  bitter  pill  for  the  doctor,  but 
the  answer^  he  gave  the  king  was  a  judicious  mixture  of 
truth  and  flattery.  "Not  so  many  as^  Your  Majesty,  nor 
with  so  much^  honor  to^''  myself." 

ID.  Benjamin  ^ranWin^  S^rinffprut^ 

T)it  ©lege  SSaffjingtonö  über  bie  grangofen  unb  öngtänber 
n)aren  fc^on  Uingft  gewonnen,  at^  iöenjamin  granfUn  eincö  Staged 
mit  bem  engtifc^en  unb  fran3ö[ifcf)cn  Öcfanbtcn  3U  SDtittag  aß. 
3)er  erfte  Xoa\t  murbe  üon  bem  englifc^en  ©efanbten  aufgebracht. 

5  Gr  fagte,  öngtanb  fei  tnie  bie  3tral)(en  ber  ©onne,  bie  bcleuc^tenb 
unb  befrui^tenb  in  bie  entfernteftcn  iföinfel  ber  Grbc  fd)ienen. 
:i)arauf  er^ob  fi(^  ber  gran^ofe.  5Diefer  )x>ax  ftolj  auf  feine  Elation, 
jebod^  in  l^öflic^,  um  ben  Xrinffpruc^  beö  engtifc^en  ©efanbten  an- 
3ufecf)ten.     (Sr  üergüc^  granfrcid)  mit  bem  'Dtonbe,  beffen  ftetige^ 

10  unb  erfreuenbeö  ?ic^t  ba^  Qntjurfen  alter  ^btionen  fei.    ^ie  öor* 

*  14.  3  Position  of  the  infinitive  ?  '^  44.  ^  42c. 

2nad^.         ''20.  5n)ofj(.  7 17,         945^ 

'"  für,  denoting  benefit. 


12  GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 

^erge^enben  2^rinf|priicf)e  gaben  53eniamin  granfUn  bie  (^elegen= 
^eit,  einen  Joaft  auf  (George  3Saf()ington  aufzubringen.  Gr  jagte: 
„Öeorge  SBaff)ington,  ber  3ofua,  befall  ber  ®onne  unb  bem 
Wlonbt  ftill3uftef)en,  unb  fie  ge()orc^ten  i^m." 

1 1 .   fragen 

1.  SSen  platte  SBaf^ington  befiegt? 

2.  SOiit  mem  af3  33eniamin  granfUn  ju  TOttag? 

3.  SBer  brachte  bm  erften  Xoa\t  auö? 

4.  Q^tbm  eie  ben  Jrinffpruc^  beö  engtifc^cn  (^efanbten  in  ber 

bireften  9^ebeforni! 

5.  (^thm  ®ie  benjamin  granflinö  3:rinffpruc^  in  ber  inbireften 

9^ebeform ! 

12.    Benjamin  Franklin's  Toast 

The  use  of  the  article  with  names  of  countries.  The  position  of  the 
separable  prefixes.  The  genitive  of  time.  The  orthography  of 
proper  adjectives.  The  position  of  the  reflexive  pronoun.  The 
use  of  the  relative  pronouns  ber  and  ti3clcf}. 

One  day/  long  after  Washington  had-  gained  his  vic- 
tories over  the  French  and  the  English,^  Franklin  dined ^ 
with  the  ambassadors  of  France^  and  England.  On^  this 
occasion    the    following    toasts    were    given.  ^     The    British 

S  ambassador  said:  "England,  the  sun  whose^  bright  beams 
enlighten^  and  fructify^  the  remotest  corners  of  the  earth." 
The  French  ambassador,  proud  of^*^  his  nation,  but  too  polite 
to  dispute  the  previous  toast,  said:  "France,  the  moon 
whose  steady  and  cheering  rays  are^^  the  delight  of  all  na- 

10  tions."  Dr.  Franklin  then^-  rose  and  said:  "George  Wash- 
ington, the  Joshua  who  commanded  the  sun  and  the  moon 
to  stand  still,  and  they  obeyed  him." 

'  20.  ^'  7.  f*  bcrcn;  why  not  bcffcn? 

256.  «ibci.  "Position? 

3  bie  i^raujofcn  unb  (Sn(^länbcr.  '"  niif,  with  tlie  arcusative, 

*  54b.  '  27a.  "  56.  1-67. 


ELEMENTARY 


13 


^13.   Xic  anbcrc  .^anb 

Ttx  ficinc  ^Taniel  fam  oft  mit  f(^mut3igcn  ^önbcn  ^ur  ©cftulc. 
Tanim  bcftraftc  i()n  and)  öcr  Vcf)rcr.  (5incö  Xagcö,  auf  bcm  2ße(^c 
3ur  3d)u(c,  bcmcrftc  cr  fciiie  fc^mut^igcn  .spänbc.  (Sr  ^attc  fie  mo[)( 
gern  gemafd)cn,  e^  mar  aber  fein  iisaffer  ba.     rcc[)a(b  Iccfte  cr  bic 

5  cine  ^panb  fo  rein  aU  möc^üd),  3n  «^^r  Schule  fragte  i^n  ber 
^e^rer,  ob  feine  .V)änbe  rein  feien.  Xer  .ßnabe,  ber  feine  .'öänbe 
forgfättig  I)inter  bem  ^iücfen  öerborgen  ^ielt,  geigte  bem  l'e^rer  bie 
reinere,  morauf  biefer  fagte,  ban  er  if)n  nidit  beftrafen  merbe,  menn 
cr  eine  fc^mul3igere  ipanb  in  ber  2c^u(e  fänbe.    «Seined  fam  bie 

10  fc^mu^ige  §anb  f)inter  feinem  D^ücfen  ^erüor  mit  bcn  ^Sorten: 
„§ier  ift  fic,  §err  ?e^rer." 

14.  fjragcn 

1.  SSarum  miirbe  ber  ficine  ^Taniet  fo  oft  t)on  feinem  2t^xtt 

beftraftV 

2.  2öic  \üoiltt  ber  Änabe  feine  ^änbe  reinigen? 

3.  5Banim  beftrafte  ber  ?e^rer  i^n  nic^t,  a(e  Xaniel  i^m  bie 

f (^müßige  63anb  ^jcigteV 

4.  ?efen  (Sie  bie  5(nefbote  in  ber  @egenrt)art  [present  tense)  \ 

15.    The  Other  Hand 

The  positions  of  adverbs  of  time.  The  force  of  Don,  The  translation 
of  as.  The  subjunctive  in  indirect  questions.  The  use  of  the 
article  for  the  English  possessive. 

Little  Daniel  was^  often  punished^  by^  his  teacher  because 
he  came^  to  school  with  dirty  hands.  One  day  as'  he  was 
on  his^  way  to  (the)  school  it  occurred  to  him  that  his  hands 
were  very  dirty.  As^  he  had  no  water  to  wash  them  he 
S  licked  the  one  as  clean  as^  possible.  In  the  school  the 
teacher  asked^  him  whether  his  hands  were^^  clean.    Daniel, 


J  What  voice?  27a. 

^56. 

M2C 

»57. 

5al6  or  ba?  see  41,  41a. 

«S4b 

3  Don,  526. 

«15.                '  41a. 

»030. 

14  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

who  kept^  both  hands  carefully  behind  his  back,  showed 
him  the  cleaner  of  the  two;  whereupon  the  teacher  said: 
''Daniel,  if  you  can'  find  a  dirtier  hand  in  this  school,  I- 
lo  shall  not^  punish  you."  "Here  it  is,  sir!"  said  Daniel,  and 
with  this^  he  showed  him  the  dirtier  hand. 

-.   i6.  Söcffcn  Oflcgcnfc^irm? 

(5ineö  3lage^  iDiirbe  ic^  auf  bcm  ÜBege  nac^  §aiife  öom  Siegen 
iiberrafc^t.  5>or  mir  Ijcr  ging  ein  9Jtann  mit  einem  9iegenfcf)irm. 
3c^  ^ielt  bm  §errn  für  einen  53efannten,  unb  inbcm  ic^  meine 
.'panb  üertraulid^  auf  feinen  5(rm  legte,  fagte  ic^:  „53itte,  geben  Sie 
5  mir  ben  9iegenfcf)irm. "  9}?ein  t)ermuttid)er  greunb  fa^  fic^  um,  — 
er  Jüar  mir  t)ö(üg  fremb.  ^ä)  tüoKte  mid^  entfc^ulbigen,  jcbocf)  el)c 
ic^  eö  tun  fonnte,  fagte  ber  §err:  „O,  ic^  mufete  nic^t,  ba]^  ber 
9?egenfd)irm  ber  3^re  ift,"  unb  mit  biefen  ^Sorten  lie^  er  ben 
©d^irm  in  meiner  ^anb  imb  eilte  baüon. 

17.   i^xa^tn 

1.  5So  njurbe  ber  §txv  öom  Siegen  überrafc^t? 

2.  SBarum  fprac^  er  gu  bem  $errn,  tr)dd)tv  öor  if)m  l^er  ging? 

3.  2ßar  biefer  fein  greunb? 

4.  3Sa^  tat  ber  grembe  mit  bem  Siegenfc^irmV 

5.  ^rgä^ten  Sie   bie  5lnefbote   in  ber  britten  "^erfon:    „(Sineö 

S^ageö  mürbe  er  .  .  . " ! 

18.    Whose  Umbrella? 

The  interrogative  pronouns.  Contraction  of  article  and  preposition. 
Possessives  used  as  substantives.  The  pronominal  adjective  fein. 
The  position  of  ni(^t.  ber,  berfelbe,  for  possessives  [ein,  if)r.  The 
uses  of  the  preposition  für.     The  transposed  order. 

A  gentleman  who  had  no  umbrella  was  walking  in  the^ 
rain.     He  saw  before  him®  a  man  whom  he  took  for  an 

'  56.  3  68.  5  im;  why  ? 

^47.  ''  bamit,  see  16.  «  Use  reflexive  pronoun. 


ELEMENTARY  1 5 

acquaintance.  He  touched  his'  arm  and  said  jokingly: 
"I'lP  take  that  umbrella,  if  you  please."  The  person 
5  looked^  around.  He  was  a  stranger.  But  before  the  other 
could  apologize  the  stranger  said:*  "Oh,  it  is  yours?  I  did 
not^  know  that!  Here,  you  can  have  it;"  and  with  this^  he 
walked  hurriedly  away,  leaving^  the  umbrella  in  the  other's 
hand. 

/    19.   Söiffen  ift  mad^t 

Jiirft  iöiömarcf  fc^icfte  bem  berühmten  ^^aturforfc^er  33irc^on) 
cin£  öerau^forbenmg,  ba  biefer  i^n  ftreng  fritificrt  ^atte.  X)ie 
(Sehmbanteu  fanbcn  ben  9Zaturfor|(f)er  in  feinem  I'aboratorium, 
mo  bcrfefbe  mit  Xric^inen  experimentierte.    5(Iö  ©eforberter  ^atte 

5  iUrd)om  bie  Sal}t  ber  5Öaffen.  (Sr  na^m  itdd  einanber  gan^ 
ii^ntidje  ilBürfte  unb  i)[dt  [ie  in  bie  ^ö^e  mit  ben  ilBorten:  „Xiee 
finb  bie  ©affen,  bie  ic^  mä^le.  T)it  dm  biefer  dürfte  entf)ä(t 
:Xri(^inen  unb  ift  ba^er  ti3blic^,  bie  anbere  bagegen  enthält  nic^t^ 
<2c^äbüc^e^5.     3agen  Sie  Seiner  G^ceden^,  bafe  er  eine  baoon  mä^te 

lo  unb  fie  effe,  unb  ic^  mill  bie  anbere  effen."  giirft  53iömarcf  unb 
i^irc^om  buedierten  fic^  nic^t,  unb  boc^  fonnte  niemanb  ^irc^oh)  ber 
geigf)eit  befc^utbigen. 

20.   fragen 

1.  3Ser  mar  ^i^marcf? 

2.  3Sarum  fc^icfte  biefer  bem  5^aturforfc^er  53irc^on)  eine  §er* 

auöforbenmg? 

3.  2Bo  fanben  bie  Sefunbanten  hen  9laturforfc^er? 

4.  3Sa6  für  Saffen  h)äf)lte  53irc^on)? 

5.  3Bar  53i^3marcf  mit  ben  3Saffen  ^jufrieben? 

6.  3Sarum  buedierten  fie  fic^  nic^t"? 

7.  SBen  fonnte  man  ber  geig^eit  befc^ulbigen? 

8.  3Sar  Si^Smard  ein  grower  (General  ober  diplomat? 

9.  SSer  ermiee  fief)  alö  ber  beffere  diplomat? 

*  beffen,  see  18.  3  Use  reflexive,  see  28.  ^  jg^ 

-  What  tense  r-»   see   25.  *  54b.  ^  ^g.  "  39d. 


l6  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

21.    Knowledge^  is  Power 

The  omission  of  the  article  with  abstract  nouns  in  titles.  The  forma- 
tion and  meaning  of  the  passive  voice.  The  inflection  of  two  or 
more  titles  before  a  name.  The  article  before  a  title.  Names  in 
connection  with  titles. 

The  celebrated  scientist  Virchow  had  severely  criticized 
the  chancellor  Prince-  Bismarck.  The  latter  challenged 
Virchow  to  a  duel.  The  seconds  found  the  scientist  in  his 
laboratory,  where  he  was  experimenting^  with  trichinae. 
5  *'Ah,"  said  Virchow,  "a  challenge  from  Prince^  Bismarck! 
As^  I  am  the  challenged  [party],  I  suppose"  I  have  the 
choice  of  (the)  weapons.  Here  they  are!"  He  held  up  two 
sausages  which  seemed  to  be  ahke.  '^  One  of  the  sausages 
is  filled^  with  trichinae,"  he  continued,  "it  is  deadly.  The 
lo  other  contains  no  poison.  His  Excellency  may  choose  which 
of  these  he  wishes  and  eat  it,  and  I  will  eat  the  other." 
No  duel  was  fought^  and  no  one  accused  Virchow  of  (the) 
cowardice. 

«       22.  ^ic  crfte  ©djlac^t  i5"cbri(^^  be»  ©ro^cn 

Jriebrid^  ber  ©rofee,  ber  fä^igfte  (General  feiner  3^it,  foc^t  feine 
erfte  @d)lac^t  bei  3)Jolln)i^.  (Seine  5Irmee  \mx  fiec^reic^,  aber  für 
fic^  felbft  gewann  er  f)ier  nic^t  ben  3:itel  einc^  c[xo\]cn  gelb()crrn. 
3a,  eö  festen  beinaf)e,  a(^  ob  er  ein  geigling  märe,  benn,  alvj  ber 

5  geinb  feine  ^aüaKerie,  bie  er  in  ^erfon  fommanbierte,  Dom  gelbe 
trieb,  f(o()  auc^  griebric^.  Sein  ^>fcrb  trni-^  if)n  niele  '?)lciUn  noni 
Scf^lac^tfelbe  fort  nnb  am  SIbenb  fanb  er  ^nfhidjt  in  einer  DJiiibte. 
SBä^renb  er  f(of),  fampfte  fein  oernjnnbeter  (General  Sc^merin  nnb 
beffen  53atai((one  lüeiter.    30^  5}hit  nnb  if)re  '?(nv^bancr  (bemannen 

10  hm  Sieg  nnb  bie  Öftreic^er  mnrben  mit  großem  ^i^cr(nft  in  bie 

1  Why  no  article?  see  8.  ^  41a. 

a  10.  "  öcrmutlirf),  following  ^nbc  iit. 

»  56.  '  56. 

<  Why  uninflecled?  sec  11.  **  icas  fonglil,  fanb  [tatt. 


ELEMENTARY 


gluckt  gefctjlagcn.  Tie  0?acf)ricf)t  c^ab  ^ncbrid)  cincii  2tid)  im 
^crj.  lir  t)atU  2ii1)cr()cit  in  öcr  '^[nd)t  gcfucf)!,  iüäl)rcnb  [cine 
8olbaten  gefämpft,  c^cblutct  unb  c^cficiit  l)attcn. 


23.    iyragcii 

1.  iTlso  foct)t  ivriebrid)  bcr  ö^roi^  feine  erfte  2^(i)iad)t? 

2.  '^Ue  er|'d)ieu  Jriebric^  in  biefer  2cf)(act)ty 

3.  iG3o  fanb  er  ^nfluc^t  mä^renb  ber  ^lad^t? 

4.  '-TlHT  c\cmann  ben  3ieg  jiir  ben  .^önic^V 

5.  Über  ipeii  gcmauit  bcr  (iVMieva(  2(l)iüeriu  hen  3ieg? 

24.    The  First  Battle  of  Frederick  the  Great^ 

The  passive  voice.  The  unreal  subjunctive  after  alö  06,  alö  racnn. 
The  article  with  abstract  nouns.  The  omission  of  mcnn  in  condi- 
tional sentences. 

Frederick's  first  battle  was-  fought  at^  MoUwitz.  His 
army  was  victorious.  This  victory  did  not^  gain  for  him 
the  title  of  a  great  general.  Yes,  it  even  appeared  as  if'^ 
he  were^  a  coward.     The  cavalry  which  he  commanded  in 

5  person  was  put  to  flight  and  he  also^  fled.  His  horse  carried 
him  many  miles  away  from  the  battlefield,  while  his  general 
Schwerin,  though  wounded,  fought  on.^  The  bravery  and 
the  endurance  of  the  old  general  and  his  battalions  won  at 
last,   and  the  Austrians  were  driven  from  the^  field  with 

10  great  loss.  The  ne\\s  reached  the  king  late  at  night  at^'^  a 
mill  where  he  had^^  found  refuge.  It  gave  him  a  bitter 
pang.  His  soldiers  had  fought  and  won,  while  he  had 
sought  safety  in  flight.^-  So  unfavorable  was  the  first  appear- 
ance of  the  greatest  warrior  of  that  age. 


•  griebric^«  be«  @roBcn. 

5  Omit  I'f,  see  55b. 

»öom. 

227a. 

6  Mode  ?  see  29. 

'«in. 

3  bei. 

7  67. 

"56. 

^68. 

«59. 

12  in  the  flight 

1 8  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

*      25.  SSafjrc  9^ä(^ftcnltcbc 

(Sine  Xnippe  Äaoafferte  murbe  maljrenb  beö  53ürgcrfnegeö  au^» 
gcfd}icft,  urn  ju  fourac^ieren.  «Sie  machten  6palt  bei  einem  «Spaufe 
in  ^er  Witk  eincö  eiufamen  2aleö.  X)er  Hauptmann  fticg  ab 
unb  flopfte  an  bic  Xür.  (£in  alter  ä)knn  erfd;ien.  „iöir  foura^ 
5  gieren,  5>atcr,  unb  id)  l^offe,  ^ie  fönnen  unö  ein  fc^öneö  §afer^ 
felb  geigen,"  fagte  ber  ipanptmann.  ^Tarauf  antwortete  ber 
2llte:  „(Sine  3>ierlelftunbe  üon  ()ier  am  Qnht  beö  Xalc{<  liegen 
bie  §aferfe(ber.  Sd)  Jnid  ©ie  baf)in  fid^ren."  5llö  fie  am  erften 
gelbe  anfamen,  njodte  ber  Hauptmann  abfilmen  laffen.     Ter  Jidjrer 

10  jebod)  fagte,  er  fode  ©ebidb  I)aben,  ^a  fei  nod)  einö.  5(m  ^meiten 
gelbe  n)urbe  abgefeffen,  ha'^^  (betreibe  gemälzt  unb  in  Zimbel  gebun= 
ben.  Ta  ber  Hauptmann  nid)t  gan^^  mit  bem  .spafer  ^^ufricben 
mar,  fagte  er  jum  gid)rer:  „^arum  Ijabcn  (Sie  fic^  bicfe  unnütze 
9}Zü^e  gemacht,  baö  erfte  gelb  irar  boc^  beffer  al6  biefe^?"     „3a, 

15  baei  ift  mo^l  n)al)r,  e^  gel^ört  aber  meinem  ^lac^bar,  jebod^  biefeö 
l)ier  ift  baö  meinige." 

26.   fragen 

1.  ^arum  tüurbe  bie  Jruppe  auögcfc^idt? 

2.  2Bie  fanben  fie  baes  (betreibe  ? 

3.  SBarum  gab  ber  güljrer  il)nen  fein  eignet  (betreibe? 

4.  2öar  ber  Hauptmann  mit  bem  .^afer  gufrieben? 

27.   True  Love  for  One's  Neighbor 

The  use  of  the  article  before  an  abstract  noun.     The  force  of  to  and  at. 
Nouns  in  apposition. 

During^  the  civil  war  a  captain  and  his  troop  were  fora- 
ging. They  came  to  a  solitary  cottage  in  the  middle  of  a 
valley.  The  captain  dismounted-  and  knocked  at^  the 
door.  An  old  man  opentd.  ''Father,"  said  the  officer, 
5  "show  us  a  field  where  we  can"*  forage."  The  old  man  led 
them  to  the  end'*  of  the  valley.     After  a  ([uarter  of  an  hour 

»  During,  genitive.        -  59.         ^  OU  (:uc.).        '  56.        •'■  biv<  Jlliil  Ciilbo. 


ELEMENTARY  1 9 

they  came^  to  a  field  of  fine  oats.-  "This  is  exactly  what 
we  want,"  said  the  captain.  "Have  patience  a  few  minutes 
longer,"'  said  the  guide,  "you  shall^  be  satisfied."^     They 

10  went  on  and  soon  came  to  another  field  of  oats.  The  troop 
dismounted  at  once,  cut  the  grain  and  tied  it  in  bundles. 
Then  they  remounted  (their  horses).  The  officer  then" 
said  to  his  guide:  "Father,  you  have  given  yourself  and 
us  useless  trouble.     The  first  field  was  much  better  than 

15  this."  "Very  true,  sir,"  replied  the  old  man,  "but  it  was 
not  mine." 

'  28.  SSurft  hJibcr  SSurft 

(Ein  $crr  am  offnen  genfter  fa^  einen  Änaben  üor  feiner  ^au^^ 
tür  fi^en.  3n  ber  einen  §anb  f)ie(t  biefer  ein  33utterbrot,  in  ber 
anbern  einen  iöefcn.  ^lid)t  tddt  bon  i^m  auf  bem  Xrottoir  lag  ein 
.^unb  unb  fc^Uef.  ^er  £nabe  rief  ben  Äöter.  Xiefer,  ate  er  fic^ 
5  freunblic^  gerufen  ^örte,  fpil3tc  bie  O^ren,  unb  ba  er  t)a-$  33utter^ 
brot  in  beö  .Knaben  §^^b  \af),  lief  er  nad)  i^m  t)in.  Xer  .^nabe 
F)ielt  i^m  ba^5  iöutterbrot  entgegen,  aU^  aber  ber  öunb  ba^^  )Dlavd 
banac^  au^Sftredte,  gab  ber  3iinge  i^m  einen  furchtbaren  Schlag  auf 
bie  9kfe.    Ter  §unb  lief  f)eulenb  bat)on;  ber  Änabe  jeboc^  fc^ien 

10  ficf)  feiner  böfen  -tat  gu  freuen,  benn  er  lachte  ^er^Uc^.  Xer  §err 
am  genfter,  ber  atfeö  mit  angefe^en  ^atte,  trat  au^  bem  öaufe 
unb  rief  ben  3ungen  ^u  fic^.  „?1töc^teft  bu  bie^3  l^aben?"  fagte  er, 
inbem  er  ein  2tücf  (^e(b  in  bie  .^öbe  ^ieft.  „^a,  menn  ee  3^nen 
gefällig  ift,"  antroortete  ber  £nabe,  unb  ftrecfte  feine  §anb  banac^ 

15  au^3.    5{ber  gteic^^5eitig  fc^hig  i^n  ber  §err  mit  feinem  (gtocf  über 

bie  .^nöc^el  ber  auegeftrerften  §anb.     Ter  Änabe  rief  ^eulcnb: 

„iföarum  fc^tagen  (Sie  mic^?    3c^  ^abt  3^nen  nic^tö  getan,  unb 

(gie  auc^  nidit  um  ®e(b  gebeten."     „Zat  ber  ©unb  bir  cüva^^  3U== 

(eibe,  i)a^  bu  ibn  fcl)lugft?"  fagte  ber  $err.     „^d)  t)abe  bir  nur 

20  @(eic^e§  mit  @(eid)em  t)ergoIten." 

1  54b.  3  /oHger,  tioc!^,  see  49.  ^  Passive  infinitive. 

^Jin£  oat field.  *  26a.  *  67. 


20  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

29.   fragen 

1.  2Ö0  fa6  ber  §err? 

2.  iöefc^rciben  ©ie  ben  Knaben! 

3.  3Sen  rief  ber  ^nabe  ju  fic^V 

4.  SBaö  geigte  ber  v'ocrr  bem  Knaben? 

5.  3Saö  tut  ber  .*perr,  a(^3  ber  £nabe  bie  .*panb  nac§  bem  ©elbc 

au^ftredftV 

6.  Sefen  (Sie  bie  erften  10  Reiten  ber  5(nefbote  in  ber  inbireften 

^ebeform:  „(Sr  fagte,  bafe  ein  $err  .  .  ."!    See  29. 

»    30.    Tit  for  Tat 

The  adverbial  genitive.  The  inflection  of  successive  adjectives.  The 
infinitive  after  [ef)en,  füllen,  Reißen,  etc.  The  use  of  the  present 
participle. 

A  boy  was  sitting  one  day^  before  the  front  door.  He 
had  a  broom  in  one-  hand  and  in  the  other  a  piece  of  bread 
and  butter.  While  he  was  eating  it,  he  saw  a  poor  little  dog 
quietly  sleeping^  on  the  sidewalk.     The  boy  called  [out]  to 

5  the  dog:  "Come  here,  poor  fellow!"  The  cur,  hearing^  him- 
self kindly  called,  pricked  up  his^  ears  and  wagged  his  tail.^ 
Seeing^  the  boy  eating,  he  ran  up  to  him.  The  boy  held 
out  to  him  a  piece  of  his  bread.  As^  the  dog  stretched  out 
his  head  to  take  it,  the  boy  gave  the  dog  a  hard  rap  on  the 

10  nose.  The  poor  beast  ran  off,  howling*'  dreadfully,  while 
the  boy  sat  there  laughing^^  at^^  his  evil  deed.  A  gentleman 
on  the  other  side  of  the  street  saw  what  the  boy  had  done. 
He  called  the  boy,  at  the  same  time  holding  up  a  piece  of 
money  between  his  index  finger  and  thumb.     "Would  you 

15  hke  this?"  asked  the  gentleman.     "Yes,  if  you  please,  sir," 

»20.  515.  938c. 

2  ber  einen.  ®  unth  the  tail.  w  39d,  see  also  38c. 

^39a,  57.  '39c.  "  Über. 

<39C.  841. 


tell 


ELEMENTARY  21 

replied  the  boy.  However,  when'  he  stretched  out-  his 
hand  for^  the  money,  he  got  a  rap  over  the  knuckles  from  a 
cane  which  the  gentleman  had  behind  him."*  Now  the  boy 
howled.  ''What  did  you  do  that  for?"  said  he,  rubbing 
20  his  hand.  *' I  did  not  hurt  you  nor"'  ask  you  for  money." 
''What  did  you  hurt  that  dog  for?"  said  the  gentleman. 
"He  neither  hurt  you  nor  asked  for  your  bread.  As  you 
did  to  him,  so  I  have  done  to  you."° 

y    31.   ^ic  ^Prinscfftn  9Jiär(^cn 

3n  einem  fcf)i)ncu  fernen  9icicf)e,  njo  bie  (Sonne  niemals  unter- 
gel^t  in  if)ren  cmigen  grünen  (Härten,  (}errfcf)tc  üon  Einfang  an 
biö  diente  bie  Königin  '^pf)antafie.  5IUe,  bie  fie  fennen,  lieben  unb 
e^ren  fie,  n)ei(  fie  (^üte  beö  Aperjenö  befi^t  unb  ben  5(rmen  gern 

5  ^ilft.  Ginft  ftieg  fie  f)erab  auf  bie  (Srbe,  benn  fie  ()atte  get)ört, 
^a'^  'ba  üDienfc^en  njof^nen,  bie  i^r  ?eben  in  9}tii^e  unb  5lrbeit 
f)inbringen.  liefen  ^atte  fie  bie  fc^i)nften  ©aben  au^  i^rem 
9iei(f)e  mitgebracht,  imb  feit  bie  Königin  auf  (Srben  hjar,  finb  bie 
?eute  \xö\){\6)  in  i^rer  cirbeit.     %\x&)  \{)xt  Äinber,  nicf;t  minber 

10  fcf)i3n  unb  licbUd),  fanbte  fie  auö,  um  bie  302enf(^en  gu  beglücfen. 
Ginft  fam  9}^ärc^en,  bie  ältefte  3:o^ter  ber  Königin,  öon  ber  Grbe 
gurücf.  3^ie  93tutter  bcmcrfte,  ha^  50tärd^en  traurig  fei,  unb  eö 
tüollte  i^r  bünfen,  alö  ob  fie  ocrtPeinte  Hugen  ^ätte.  „3Sa^3  ^aft 
bu,  liebet  iOtärc^en,"  fprarf)  bie  Königin,  „bu  bift  feit  beiner  9icife 

15  fo  traurig  imb  niebergefcf)lagen;  njitlft  bu  beiner  ÜJtutter  nidjt 
fagen,  njaö  bir  fet)It?"  „%&},  liebe  93tutter,"  antn^ortete  ^^Mrc^en, 
„id)  {)Ciiit  gemife  nic^t  fo  lange  gefdimiegen,  rt)enn  ic^  nid^t  mü^te, 
bafe  mein  Äummer  auc^  ber  beinige  ift."  „Sprieß  immer,  mein 
Äinb,"  fagte  bie  Königin,  „ber  @ram  ift  ju  fc^mer  für  ben  ein^el^ 

20  neu,  aber  jmei  tragen  i^n  leicht."  „<So  ^öre,"  antwortete  2}cärc^en, 
„bu  meifit,  mie  gern  ic^  mit  ben  SDZenfc^en  umgei^e,  mie  ic^  freubig 

1  43a.  •*  Reflexive  pronoun. 

2  59.  5  uiiö  a\\&)  nid)t. 

3  nad).  6  3»^  ocrgcitc  bir  GHcii^cö  mit  GUcidjem. 


22  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

mit  bem  Srmften  Dor  feiner  $ütte  fit^e,  um  naä)  ber  5Irbeit  ein 
Stünbc^en  mit  i(}m  ju  ücrplaubern;  fie  boten  mir  aud)  fonft  gleich 
freunblic^  bie  §anb  jum  ©rufee,  menn  ic^  fam,  unb  fa^en  mir 
25  (ärf}e(nb  unb  gufrieben  nac^,  n)enn  ic^  Weiterging;  aber  in  biefen 
3:agen  ift  eö  nic^t  mc()r  fo."  „5lrmev^  93tärd)en!"  fprad)  bie 
Ä'önigin  unb  ftreirf)elte  i^x  bie  3Sange.  „5Iber  bu  bilbeft  bir 
üielleic^t  bieö  aik^  nur  ein?"  „Ölaube  mir,  ic^  fü^Ie  cö  nur  ju 
gut,"  entgegnete  9}tärd)en,  „fie  lieben  mic^  nic^t  me()r." 

32.    Princess  Fairy-Tale 

The  prepositions,  governing  the  dative,  dative  and  accusative.  The 
principle  underlying  the  use  of  the  definite  article.  The  singu- 
lar number  of  nouns  for  the  plural.  The  use  of  the  present  tense 
for  the  English  perfect.  The  substitutions  for  the  English  present 
participle. 

Far  away  in  a  country  where  the  sun  never  sets  on  the 
ever  green  fields  and  gardens  lives  queen*  Fancy.  She  is 
honored  and  beloved  by^  all  who  know  her  for  [her]  kind- 
ness of  heart. ^     Once  she  heard^  that  there  are  men  living' 

5  on  the  earth  who  pass  their  lives''  in  sadness  and  sorrow. 
She  came  to  earth,  and  in  her  queenly  beauty  and  eternal 
youth  she  walked  among  (the)  men,  dealing^  out  to  them 
the  best  gifts  from  her  kingdom.  Ever  since^  men''  have 
been*''  happy  in  their  work  and  cheerful  in  their  cares.    Also 

10  her  children,  beautiful  and  lovely,  were  sent  out  to  gladden 
the  hearts  of  men.  One  day,  Fairy-Tale,  the  queen's  eldest 
daughter,  returned  from  (the)  earth  sad  and  with  tears  in 
her*^  eyes.  "Why  so  sad  and  cast  down,  Fairy-Tale?  Come 
and  tell  your  mother  what  ails  you."     "  Oh,  mother,  you  will 

15  be  sad  also,  if  I  telP-  you,"  replied  Fairy-Tale.     "Tell  me 

1  2.  '^  56.  » Definite  article. 

2  bon.  "  Use  singular.  '"  What  tense?  see  25a. 
■■^  of  the.               7  3gd.  "15- 

'  54b.  «  Ever  since,  ©CltbciU.  '^  Insert  //. 


ELEMENTARY  23 

all,  my  child.  Grief  is  a  heavy  burden,  which  is'  too  much 
for  one,  but  two  can  easily  bear  it."  "Then  listen,"  re- 
plied the  daughter.  ''You  know  how  I  love  the  people  of 
the  earth,  how  gladly  I  sit  with  the  poorest  of  them  at  his 

20  door  and  chat  with  him,  after  the  day's  work  is  over.  They 
always  greeted  me  friendly  when-  I  came,  but  it  is  no  longer 
so."  ''Poor  little  Fairy-Tale,"  said  the  mother,  stroking 
her  cheek.'  "  You  are  perhaps  only  imagining  this."  "  No," 
replied  Fairy-Tale,  "I  know  it  too  well,  they  do  not  love  me 

25  any  more." 

33.   Tic  <l?rinjcffin  9Kär(^cn  (Schluß) 

^ie  Königin  [tül3tc  Mc  3tini  in  bic  vSpanb  unb  \d)mco,  finnenb. 
„Unb  n3o()er  |o(t  e^^  bcnn  fommen,"  fragte  bie  Königin,  „ha^'y  Ud) 
bie  ?eute  ba  unten  |o  geänbert  ^abenV"  ,;2.itt),  bie  SD?enfd)cn 
^aben  ^©äc^ter  aufgeftcllt,  bie  a(fc>^,  ma^3  aib3  beinem  5ieicf)e  fommt, 

5  mit  fc^arfen  ^liefen  mufteni  imb  prüfen.  3Benn  nun  einer  fommt, 
ber  nic^t  wad)  i^rem  (ginne  ift,  fo  fc^Iagen  fie  i^n  ober  t)erleumben 
i[)n  boc^  fo  fe^r  bei  ben  91?enfcf)en,  bafe  niemanb  etroaö  mit  i()m 
ju  tun  \:)abcn  n^ilt,  unb  er  fein  günfcf)en  iHebe  ober  3titrauen 
me^r  finbet.    51c^!  '^k  gut  ^aben  e^3  meine  iörüber,  bie  Jräumc; 

10  fri)blic^  unb  (eic^t  f)üpfen  fie  auf  bie  Grbc  I)inab,  fragen  nic^t^S  nac^ 
jenen  fingen  i)Jienfc^en,  befuc^en  bie  i)3tenf(^en  in  it)rem  Schlummer 
unb  meben  unb  malen  i^nen,  maö  ba^  ^crj  begliicft  unb  ba^  5üige 
erfreut!  ^2[d)\  5^enn  bu  müßteft,  loie  fc^Iec^t  fie  mid)  be^an= 
belt  ^aben;  fie  f ehalten  mic^  eine  aitc  Jungfer  unb  brot)ten,  mic^ 

15  ba^  näc^fte  5DM  gar  nlc^t  mel)r  ^erein^utaffen."  „iJSic,  meine 
3:oc^ter  nic^t  mef)r  einlaffenV"  rief  bie  .riönigin,  unb  ber  3^^^ 
crt)öf)te  bie  iKöte  i^rer  $s}angen.  „3Iber  ic^  fet)e  fc^on,  n-)o()er  bie^ 
fommt;  bie  böfe  DJhi^me  l)at  hid)  öcrieumbet!"  „Xk  )Dloht'? 
^\d)t  möglich!"   rief  9}2ärd)en.     „2ie   mar  ja  fonft   immer  fo 

20  freunb(id)."  „£f)\  34  ^^^^^  fi^/  ^^^  Solfc^e/'  antwortete  bie 
Königin,  „aber  Derfuc^e  e^  i\)v  ^um  ^^rolje  tüicbcr,  meine  Joc^ter; 
1  56.  ^aU  or  lücnn?  ^2^. 


24  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

irer  G)utcö  tun  \mi[,  barf  nicf)t  raften."  ,/2lber,  93hittcr,  fie  I)Qt 
mic^  üerleumbet,  fo  ba\^  bic  ii'ciite  mic^  gar  nic^t  me^r  anfel)eu  unb 
mic^  üerac^tet  ftc()en  laffen."     „3Scnn  bie  3IItcn,  öon  ber  ?Jtobe 

25  betört,  bic^  üerarf)tcn,  fo  mcnbe  hid)  an  bie  steinen;  n)at)rüc^,  fie 
finb  meine  IHeblingc,  i()ncn  fcnbe  ic^  meine  lieblic^ften  iöilber  burc^ 
beine  trüber,  bic  Xräumc;  \a,  ic^  bin  fcf)on  oft  fetbft  ^^u  if)nen 
l^inabgefc^toebt,  l^abe  fie  gef^er^t  unb  gefiifet  imb  fc^öne  Spiele  mit 
tf)nen  gefpielt!"    „Of),  bie  guten  Äinber!"  rief  93?ärd^en  beioegt  au«. 

30  „3a,  eö  fei!  Wit  i^nen  miK  ic^  e«  noc^  einmal  Derfuc^en."  „^a, 
gute  Xocf)ter,"  fprac^  bie  Königin,  „gefalle  bcn  .ftinbern,  unb  bie 
©rofeen  lüerben  bid^  bann  aud^  nicf^t  gurürfftofeen." 

34.   fragen 

1.  SBo  tüol^nt  bie  Königin  ^l)antafie? 

2.  ^efc^reiben  ®ie  bie  Königin! 

3.  2ßie  l)ei6t  i^re  älteftc  Xo^ter? 

4.  SSarum  fommt  9}tärcl)en  eineö  ^^ageö  mit  öermeinten  Singen 

öon  ber  (Erbe  jurücf? 

5.  3Baö  ^at  fie  fonft  immer  auf  ber  (Srbe  getan? 

6.  2ßie  Reiften  bie  53rüber  ber  '$rin3effin,  imb  njaö  tun  fie  unter 

ben  9}cenfc^cn? 

7.  3Barum  molten  bie  SDIenfc^cn  md)U  me^r  mit  ber  ^15rin3effin 

ju  tun  l)abcn? 

8.  ^n  n)en  menbet  fie  fid^  bann? 

35.    Princess  Fairy-Tale  (concluded) 

The  force  of  the  reflexive  pronoun  with  transitive  verbs.  The  inflec- 
tion of  nouns  following  nouns  of  measures,  etc.  The  accusative 
and  genitive  of  time.     The  uses  of  the  inverted  order. 

The  queen  pondered  a  while  and  then  said:  ''I  cannot 
behevc  that  the  peoplö  below  are  so  changed."^  "Oh, 
mother,  they  have  no  spark  of  confidence-  or  love  for  any- 
body  that  comes  from^  your   kingdom.     They  beat   him, 

*  have  changed  themselves  so.  -  13.  ^  Qug 


ELEMENTARY  25 

5  drive  him  out,  or  IcU  stories  about  him,  so  that  the  people 
despise  him.  Ah,  how  much  better  my  brothers,  the  dreams, 
fare.'  They  skip  hghtfooted  to-  earth  and  visit  the  people 
when'  the  watchmen  are  asleep,  and  weave  and  paint  for 
the^  people  in  their  sleep  all  sorts  of  pretty  things  to"^  rejoice 

10  the  heart.  You  do  not  know,  mother,  how  they  treated 
your  daughter.  They  scolded  me  and  said  they  would  have 
nothing  more  to  do  with  such"  an  old  maid,  and  would 
not  let  me  in  the  next  time."^  ''What,  not  let  my  child  in 
again?"  said  the  queen,  and  anger  flushed  her  face.   "But 

15  who  has  been  telling  stories  about  you  that  they  treat*  you 
so  badly?  It  must  have  been  Aunt  Fashion."  "Fashion, 
who  has  always  been  so  kind  to  me?  Impossible!"  "I 
know  her  better  than^  you,  my  child,"  answered  the  queen. 
"But  we  must  try  it  again  in  spite  of  her.     If  we  want  to  do 

20  good  we  dare  not  rest."  "But,  mother,  if  Aunt  Fashion  is 
telling  stories  about  me,  so  that  the  people  will  not  even  look 
at  me?"  "If  the  old  [ones]  despise  you,'^  turn  to  the  httle 
[ones].  I  and  your  brothers  have  often  visited  them  and 
have  kissed  and  caressed  them  and  given  them  the  prettiest 

25  pictures.  Go  and  please  them,  and  then  the  grown  people, 
too,  will  not  reject  you."  "Yes,  the  dear  children!"  cried 
Fairy-Tale  with  new  hope.     "I  will  go  to  them!" 

36.   Xie  ^unQ^van  auf  bcm  Surlctj 

33or  öielen  Qal^ren  liefe  fic^  manc^maf  auf  bem  ^iir(el)  urn  bie 
5{benbbämmenmg  eine  oiingfrau  fe^cn,  bie  mit  fo  anmutiger 
(Stimme  fang,  ha\^  aik,  bie  am  I'urtet)  üorüberfc^ifften  unb  ben 
begaubemben  ®efang  gotten,  i^r  lieben  in  ben  SBeflen  öerloren. 
5  3uit»eiten  fticg  fie  auc^  tiom  ^^-elfen  ^erab  unb  gefeilte  fid)  ^u  einigen 
jungen  jif^^^i^n,  benen  fie  bann  bie  Stellen  jeigte,  mo  fie  einen 

'  Co  ^abcn.        ^  ^^5  5  {^  order  to  .  .  .       ^  24.        9  42a. 

^  to  the.  ^/or  the,  dsitive.        646.  856.       >o  Insert  5a 


26  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

reichen  gang  machen  fonnten.  Xk  gifcf)er  cr^üfilten  anbeten  üon 
bor  3(f)ön()eit  ber  Jungfrau,  unb  if)r  9iuf  üerbreitete  fic^  im  ganjen 
Sanbe  innrer.     3)e^  Äönig^  (Sof)n  f)örte  auc^  üon  i^r  unb  n)o((te 

lo  fic  fe()en./  (5r  ruberte  in  einem  53oot  ben  9i^ein  ()inunter.  2)ie 
(Sonne  Wax  fc^on  längft  imtergegangen,  unb  (Sterne  bebecften  ben 
Fimmel,  atö  er  in  bie  9Bf)e  beö  gelfenö  fam.  T)ie  3ungfrau  fafe 
am  Slb^ange  beö  gclfen^.  3ti  ber  ^anb  i)idt  fie  einen  Aran;,,  ben 
fie  fetbft  gebunben  fiatte.    5^un  öerna^m  er  auc^  i()ren  Öefang  unb 

15  er  füf)Ite  fid)  mächtig  nac^  i^r  ^ingejogen.  (Sein  33oot  mar  nur 
nod)  einige  Srf)ritte  üom  Ufer  entfernt.  (Er  macf)te  einen  (Sprung, 
^er  (Spnmg  mar  aber  gu  furj  genommen,  unb  er  üerfanf  in  ben 
(Strom/  3)ie  9la(^ric^t  üon  ber  traurigen  Gegebenheit  fam  ju 
ben  O^rcn  beö  Äönigö.    (Sd^merg  unb  ilöut  erfüllte  feine  Seele. 

20  (5r  befal)l  einem  Hauptmann,  il)m  bie  Jungfrau  tot  ober  lebcnbig 
ju  bringen.  3)er  Hauptmann  jebod)  befürchtete,  bafe  bie  $e^*e  fid) 
auö  Ä'erfer  imb  S3anben  befreien  möchte.  Um  bieö  gu  t)erl)inbern, 
bat  fic§  ber  Hauptmann  auö,  bie  ipeje  ofjue  meitereö  in  ben  9il)ein 
ftür^en  gu  bürfen. 

37.  fragen 

1.  SSo  ift  ber  Zuriet)?    Saö  ift  er? 

2.  2ßaö  ergä{)lt  bie  (Sage  üon  bem  gelfen? 

3.  53efc^ reiben  (Sie  bie  Jungfrau! 

4.  2öer  Ijörte  üon  ber  Jungfrau? 

5.  2öie  sollte  ber  ^ring  ben  gclfen  erreid^cn? 

6.  Sßann  fam  er  am  gelfen  an? 

7.  2Ö0  fa^  er  bie  Jungfrau? 

8.  3Barum  erreid}tc  er  ba^  ^anb  nic^t? 

9.  3Beld)cn  !iöcfcl)l  gab  ber  ,^{önig  bem  Hauptmann? 

10.  3Baö  bittet  fid)  biefcr  aut^? 

11.  SBarum  moKtc  er. fie  foglcid)  töten? 

12.  Ä'enncn  (Sic  ba^  ?icb  „'Die  ii^orelci"? 

13.  2Ber  I)at  eö  gefd)rieben? 

14.  können  (Sic  baö  lUeb  fingen? 

15.  iföann  lebte  .f)einc? 


ELEMENTARY  27 

38.    The  Maiden  of  the  Lurley 

The  inflection  of  mand).  The  use  of  the  present  participle.  The  use 
of  the  passive.  The  omission  of  the  article  with  enumerations  of 
objects.  The  uses  of  f)in  and  ()cr.  The  translation  of  may  and 
might  in  dependent  clauses.     The  uses  of  [oUen. 

Many  years  ago  a  beautiful  maiden  lived  on  the  top  of  the 
Lurley.  Her  song  had  an  enchanting'  power  over  all  that 
listened.  Many-  a  fisherman  who  passed  by  on  the  river  lost 
his  ship  on  the  rocks  and  his  life  in  the  waves.     None  had 

5  ever  seen  her  close  by,  except  a  few  young  fishermen.  To 
these  she  came  at  times  and  showed  them  where  to  cast^  their 
nets.  And  whenever  they  followed  her  advice  they  made^  a 
good  catch.  The  fame  of  this  maiden  had  spread  throughout 
the  land,  and  when  the  ruler's  son  heard  of  her,  he  deter- 

10  mined  to  see  her.  He  took  a  boat,  manned  it,  and  rowed 
down  the  Rhine  toward^  the  Lurley.  The  sun  had^  just 
set,  and  the  first  stars  had^  appeared  in  the  sky,  when^  he 
spied  the  maiden  in  the  distance.  She  sat  on  the  side*  of 
the  mountain,  winding®  a  wreath  for  her  golden  hair.     Now 

15  the  prince  could  also  hear^^  her  enchanting  song.  He  listened, 
and  an  irresistible  longing  for  the  maiden  entered  his  heart. 
He  bade  his  servants  (to)  steer  toward^^  the  shore,  and  when 
still  several  steps  away  he  leaped,  but  missed  the  land^-  and 
sank  below^^  the  waves.     He  did  not  reappear,  and  every 

20  effort  to  find  his  body  was  in  vain.  When  the  sad  news 
reached  the  prince's  father,  sorrow  and  rage  filled  his  soul. 
He  gave  at  once  [the]  command  to  capture  the  maiden,  dead 
or  alive.     The  captain  who  w^as"  cormnanded  to  do  this 


^38a. 

«  What  auxiliary  ? 

"  Vosxiion  oi  toward  ■ 

Ua. 

Msa. 

*-  sprang  too  short. 

'  36 ;  what  mode  ? 

*  am  ^tbliang. 

^'  öerfanf  in. 

*54b. 

^  See  38  and  39. 

"  27b. 

^  toward,  y\x,  stands  last. 

10  Position  of  liear  ? 

28  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

asked  permission  to  cast  the  maiden  into  the  Rhine,  that  she 
25  might  not  gain^  time  to  free  herself  by-  her  evil  arts. 

39.  ^ic  ^Jungfrau  auf  bcm  2ur(ctj  (2(^Iu&) 

Sr  fetbft  na^m  brei  feiner  furd)tlo|'eften  3oIbatcn  unb  ftieg  ben 
Zuriet)  f)inan.  2)ie  3ungfran  fafe  auf  ber  ©pit^e  unb  ^iclt  eine 
(Schnur  Don  iöernftein  in  ber  §anb.  (Sie  faf)  bie  9)?änner  üon 
fern  fommen  unb  fragte,  n)aö  fie  fuc^ten.  „T^ic^,  ^^luberin/' 
5  antmortete  ber  ^»auptmann,  „bu  foKft  einen  Sprung  in  ben  9?^ein 
ba^inunter  machen!"  „Qi,"  fagte  bie  3ungfrau,  „ber  9i^ein  fo(t 
mic^  ^olen."  Unb  bann  ntarf  fie  bie  ^ernfteinfc^nur  in  ben 
g(u6  ^inab  unb  fang: 

„33ater,  gefc^tüinb,  gefc^lüinb, 
10  ®ie  meinen  9iof[e  fc^icf'  beinem  ^inb. 

go  Vo'iii  reiten  mit  SBogen  unb  SBinb/; 

^lö^id^  raufc^te  ein  «Sturm  ba^er.  T)k  3Sogen  ^oben  unb 
fenften  fic^  unb  bebecften  mit  tüeij^em  @ifcf)t  Ufer  unb  §ö^en. 
3)ann  — gn)ei  mäd)tige  3Sogen,  bie  9Joffen  ö^ntic^  feigen,  erhoben 

15  fid^  auö  ber  3:iefe  unb  flogen  mit  i8Ut|cöfcf)nclle  auf  bie  Äuppe  be^ 
gelfen,  ergriffen  bie  Jungfrau  imb  üerfc^manben  mit  i^r  in  bem 
(Strom.  Gel^t  erft  erfannten  bie  9Jtänner,  i)ai  bie  3ungfrau  eine 
Unbine  fei,  unb  ba\^  fie  it)r  nid)t^  an()abcn  fijnnten.  Sie  fcf)rten 
gum  Äönig  gurüd  unb  fanben  bort  ben  totgeglaubten  So^n,  ben 

20  eine  2ßetle  anö  Ufer  getragen  ^atte.  T^ie  !^ur(et)iungfrau  liefe  fid) 
üon  ber  3cit  an  nid)t  toicbcr  fc()en,  obgleid)  fie  nod)  hm  iöcrg 
bett)o{)nt  unb  bie  Dieben  ber  33orbeifd)iffenbcn  nad;äfft.^ 

40.   Jraflcn 

1.  5QHt  \mt  üielen  (Solbaten   fteigt   ber  .spauptmann  auf  ben 

gelfen  t)inaufV 

2.  2Bo  finben  fie  bie  Onngf^au? 

3.  $ßaö  lyäit  fie  in  ber  §anb? 

'  Kcndcr  hy  llic  suhjuiu  live  of  gain.  '  burrf). 


• 


ELEMENTARY  29 

4.  ©clc^c  Rrac^c  ftcltt  fie  an  bic  ^DMnncrV 

5.  iBaö  antmortct  bcr  .'pauptmannV 

6.  5öa^  luirft  bic  3unilfrflu  in  ben  Jvluft? 

7.  '-IiUiv<  c|c[(.1}ic()t  {happens)  baraufV 

8.  353en  fanbcn  bic  lUcäuucr,  aU  fie  nad)  v'paiifc  famcu? 

9.  .ft aim  man  nod)  ben  Wcfang  bcr  Gmu^frau  ()örcn? 
10.  '-llHiv^  tnt  [ie  ict3t  in  hen  i^ergen? 

41.    The  Maiden  of  the  Lurley  (concluded) 

With  this^  the  ruler  was  satisfied.  The  rock  was-  sur- 
rounded. The  captain  with  three  of  his  best  soldiers 
ascended  it.  They  found  the  maiden  sitting''  on  the  top  of 
the  rock,  [holding]  in  her^  hand  a  wreath  of  amber.  When'^ 
5  she  saw  the  men  coming®  she  asked:  "Whom  are  you  seek- 
ing?" "I  am  seeking  you,  witch,"  answered  the  captain. 
"Many  a  man  you  have  lured  to  death^  in  the  river.  Now 
you  shall^  leap  from  this  rock  and  also  find  your  death  in 
the  waves  below.  "Ah,"  exclaimed  the  maiden  laughing,^ 
10  "let  the  Rhine  come  and  get  me."  With  these  words  she 
threw ^^  the  amber  wreath  into  the  stream  and  sang  in  awful 
tones : 

"Father,  I  must  flee,  I  must  flee, 
The  milk-white  steeds  send  quickly  to  me. 
15  I  will  ride  with  the  waves  and  the  wind." 

A  Storm  rose  suddenly,  and  the  waters  of  the  Rhine  dashed 
in  white  foam  over  shore  and  hills.  ^*  Two  waves  which 
had^^  the  form  of  two  white  steeds  rose  from*^  the  depths  to 
the  pinnacle  of  the  rock  and  carried  the  maiden  down  into 
20  the  stream,  where  she  disappeared.     The  captain  and  his 

^16.  5^1  9  Why  participle?  see  38. 

227a.  *39a.  '°  54b. 

339a.  7  ju^  Xobt  .  .  .  gelodt.         "  Why  no  article? 

*  15.  826a.  '2  56. 

^^frorn^out  of  is  QUO. 


30  GERMAN   PROSE  COMPOSITION 

soldiers  now  knew  that  she  was  a  mermaid,  and  that  human 

power  could  not  harm  her.     They  returned  home,  and  there 

they  found  the  young  prince,  whom  they  had  believed  dead. 

A  wave  had  carried  him  to  the  shore.     The  song  of  the 

25  maiden  has  never  been  heard  since, ^  although  they  say  that 

she  still  lives  in  the  mountains,  where  she  mocks  the  voices 

of  the  people. 

42.    Balder's  Death 

The  unreal  subjunctive  after  as  if.  Word  order  when  irenn  is  omitted, 
man  with  the  active  voice  for  the  passive.  The  omission  of  the 
infinitive  with  modal  auxiHar)\  Infinitive  as  object  or  complement 
of  verbs.     The  use  of  the  auxiliary  muffen. 

Balder,  Wodan's  favorite  son,  the  god  of  light  and  spring, - 
once  had  heavy  dreams,  as  if^  danger  were  threatening^  his 
life.  Filled  with  anxiety^  the  gods  assembled  and  took 
counsel  how  they  might''  protect  the  life  of  their  beloved 
5  Balder.  At  last  it  was  decided^  to  bind  by^  an  oath  all 
living  beings,  (the)  fire,^  the  trees,  animals,  and  men,  so 
that  they  could  not  harm  Balder. 

His  mother  Frigga  undertook  the  work.     Thereupon  great 
joy  reigned  in  the  halls  of  the  gods,  because  none  could  now 

10  harm  their  favorite.  They  threw  at^'^  Balder  with  blunt  and 
pointed  weapons,  and  rejoiced  when"  they  saw  that  he  was 
invulnerable.  One  day  an  old  woman  came  to  Frigga  and 
inquired  after^'^  the  cause  of  the  joy  in  Asgard.  When 
Frigga  had  given  her  the  information  the  woman  said:'- 

15  "It  was  no  doubt^^  very  laborious  to  get  the  vow  from  every 
little  plant?" 


1  Position  of  since? 

« formten. 

'"  nad). 

2  the  light  and  spring- god,  see  le. 

'27. 

"43a. 

255b. 

*•  burc^. 

"  54b. 

^31. 

»9. 

'3  n)of)( 

'  35oacr  eorgc. 

ELEMENTARY 


3' 


"To  be  sure,'"  answered  the  goddess,  *'as^  I  liad^  to  go 
to  every  being.  All  beings  promised  not  to  harm  Balder. 
Only  one  little  plant  I  passed  by.     It  is  the  mistletoe,  which 

2c  grows  on  an  oak  before  Walhalla's  gates.     She  is  too  weak 
to  harm  Balder." 

Thereupon  the  old  woman  departed  and  soon  arrived  by^ 
a  lonesome  path  at  the  oak.  She  dropped^  her  garment  and 
there  stood  Loki.     Quickly  he  cut**  off  a  twng  of  the  mistletoe 

25  and  hurried  back  to  the  assemblage  of  the  gods,  who  were 
still  sporting^  with  Balder. 

43.    Balder's  Death  (continued) 

The  present  tense  for  the  future.  The  uses  of  auö,  nad^,  in.  The 
perfect  participle  as  appositional  predicate.  The  omission  of  um 
in  purpose  clauses. 

Here  he  stepped  [up]  to^  the  blind  Hoeder,  the  brother  of 

Balder,  who  w^as  not  taking  part  in^  the  sport,  and  asked  him: 

''Why  do  you  not  shoot?"    "I  have  no  weapons,"  answered 

Hoeder,  "and  am  bhnd,  so  that  I  can^^  not  see  where  Balder 

5  stands." 

"Here  is  a  javehn,"  said  the  evil  Loki,  handing^^  him 

the  pointed  mistletoe.     "Now  throw  with  all  your  might !^^ 

;      I  will  direct   your  hand."     Hoeder   did  so,  and  —  Balder, 

'      pierced  by  the^^  javelin,  lay  dead  on  the^*  ground.    All  sus- 

10  pected  Loki,  but  he  had^^  disappeared.    Unspeakable  sorrow 

seized  the  gods.     Their  beloved  Balder  must  now  go^*^  to  the 

i      realm  of  the  dead,*^  called  Nifiheim.     They  tried  to  induce 


1  Siacrbingö. 

7  i^r  Spiel  trieben. 

13  öom. 

241a. 

Uu. 

i-»  am. 

326c. 

s  am. 

15  What  auxiHary  ? 

*aul 

J°56. 

ic  Omit  go,  see  32. 

5  Ucfe  fatteti. 

11390 

"  inö  Jotcnreic^. 

°54b. 

12  nur 

fräftig. 

32  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

Hela,  the  goddess  of  Niflheim,  to^  send  Balder  back  to  them. 
Hela  at  last  promised  to  release  Balder  on-  one  condition, 

15  that  all  beings  should  weep  for^  him;  but  if  one  eye  remained 
tearless,  then  he  must  stay  in  her  realm.  All  beings  wept, 
except  Loki.  In  the  form  of  the  giantess  Thoek  (darkness) 
he  sat  in  a  cave  and  remained  pitiless.  And  so  Balder  had-* 
to  stay  in  Hela's  dominion;  his  faithful  wife  Nanna  had 

20  followed  him  there  voluntarily. 

Loki,  however,  for  fear  of"'  the  gods,  fled  from  Asgard,  the 
home  of  the  gods,  and  on  a  steep  hill  beside  a  river  built 
himself  a  house  with  four  doors.  There  he  sat  in  fear  of  his 
pursuers,  continually  looking  in®  all  directions,  so  as^  not  to 

25  be  surprised.^ 

44.    Balder's  Death  {concluded) 

The  dative  of  interest.  The  use  of  o\^  and  menn  in  dependent  clauses. 
The  dependent  subjunctive.  The  inflection  of  ein  when  used  as 
substantive.     The  passive  voice. 

From  time  to  time  he  changed  himself  into^  a  salmon  and 
swam  under  the  waterfall,  where  he  believed  himself  safe. 
In  his  solitude  he  made  with  skilful  hand  a  net.  Scarcely 
had  he  completed  it,  when  he  saw  the  gods  coming.'*^  Hur- 
5  riedly  he  threw  the  net  into  the  lire  and  hid  himself,  in  the 
form  of  a  salmon,  under  the  waterfall.  When  they  found 
the  remains  of  the  net  in  the  ashes,  they  suspected  that  their 
enemy  had  hidden^^  himself  in  the  water.  After  they  had 
completed  a  new  net  the  fishing  was^-  begun.  At  last  Thor 
seizing'"*  the  salmon  by  its  tail,  and  now  Loki 


*  that  she  send,  see 

35- 

8  Passive  infinitive. 

2  unter. 

«in. 

3  um. 

'"  See  participles,  39a. 

426c. 

"  29b. 

ß  au«  ^urc^t  öor. 

12  Why  passive?  tc^/;/,  unternehmen 

«nac^. 

>3  //  succeeded  Thar. 

7  so  as=in  order. 

1^  to  seize. 

I 


ELEMENTARY  33 

stood  before  them.  He  was  bound  and  dragged  into  a  cave. 
Three  sharp-edged  rocks,  of  which  one'  was  placed  under  his 
shoulders,  the  second  under  his  loins,  and  the  third  under 
his  knees,  were  henceforth  his  resting  j)lace.     Over  the  head 

15  of  the  fettered  Loki  was  fastened  a  viper,  whose  venom 
dripped  on  his-  face.  But  Sygun,  his  faithful  wife,  stands 
at  his  side  and  holds  a  basin  under  the  poisonous  drops. 
And  when^  the  vessel  is  full,  she  goes  and  empties  it;  but 
meanwhile  the  poison  drips  on  his  face,  and  against  it^  he 

20  struggles  so  violently  that  the  earth  shakes;  and  this  they 
call  an  earthquake. 

45.    The  Legend  of  St.  Christopher 

The  use  of  the  definite  article  with  proper  nouns.  The  uses  of  the 
passive.  The  force  of  nac^,  ju.  The  verbs  that  govern  the  dative. 
The  inflection  of  jolcf).  The  uses  of  the  conjunctions  ai^  and  menn. 
The  position  of  adverbial  phrases.  The  position  of  nic^t.  The 
position  of  pronoun  objects  in  the  sentence,  fo  as  a  resuming 
adverb. 

Christopher  was  a  heathen.  Before  he  was^  baptized  his 
name  was  Opherus.  When  a  youth^  he  thought  to  himself:^ 
*'I  will  go  and  seek  the  greatest  master;  him  I  will  serve." 
He  started  and  after  much  searching  came  to^  a  great  king 
5  who  ruled  over  much''  land  and  a  great  people.  Him'*' 
he  promised  to  serve  faithfully.  The  ruler  was  glad  to 
have  such*'  a  fine  strong  man  as  servant.  When'-  Opherus 
had  been  with  the  king  for  some  time,  a  minstrel  came'^  to'^ 
the  court  and  made  glad  the  hearts  of  all  by  his  merry  songs; 
10  but  when  he  began  a  satirical  song  about '^  the  devil,  the  king 


»  Why  inflected? 

6  211«  Jüngling. 

"46. 

2  Dative  of  interest,  see  23. 

7  gu  [ic^. 

'2  43a. 

M3b. 

«äu. 

13  54b. 

*  bagcc^cn. 

MS. 

»  an. 

527a  and  b. 

»0  Dative;  why? 

15  über 

34  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

made  the  sign  of  the  cross/  for  he  was  a  Christian.  Opherus, 
who  knew^  nothing  of  the  sign's  power  and  meaning,  was 
therefore  astonished,  and  said:  "Master,  what  mean  those 
two  strokes?"     But  the  king  did  not  want  to  reveaP  the 

15  secret  of  the  cross  to  the  heathen,  and  kept  silent.  Then 
Opherus  spoke  again:  ''Master,  if  you  do  not  tell  me^  I  will 
no  longer  serve  you."  "Then  I  must  tell  you  the  truth," 
said  the  king.  "See,  if  any  one  mentions  the  devil's  name 
in  my  presence,^  I  bless  myself  with  that  sign  that  he  may 

20  not  gain  power  over  me."  Then  Opherus  began:  "Do  you 
fear  him,  and  is  his  strength  so  great  that  he  can  harm^  you  ? 
I  have  served^  you  faithfully  and  thought  that  you  were  the 
greatest  ruler  on  earth,  but  I  know  now  that  there  is  one® 
greater  than  you.     Him  I  shall  serve." 

46.    The  Legend  of  St.  Christopher  {continued) 

The  force  of  the  preposition  Don.  The  infinitive  witliout  3U  after 
f)ören,  fc^cn,  etc.  The  optative  subjunctive.  The  conditional  mode. 
The  demonstrative  pronoun  hzx  for  the  third  person  of  the  personal 
pronoun.  The  force  of  an,  gu,  denoting  motion  toward  a  place. 
The  omission  of  'tid^  in  the  dependent  sentence.  The  subjunctive 
in  indirect  questions.     The  subjunctive  in  indirect  discourse. 

Opherus  started  to  seek  the  enemy,  but  nobody  could 
direct  him.  When^  journeying*  one  day  through  a  great 
wilderness  he  suddenly  saw^  a  mighty  column  of  riders '^^ 
approaching,  led  by^^  a  black,  haughty  man.  "Whom  do 
5  you  seek?"  asked  the  leader  on  horseback.  Opherus 
answered:  "I  am  seeking  the  devil,  for^-  I  should  like  to 


1  made  .  .  .  cross,  bcfrcugte  [ic^. 

M3a. 

^^56. 

839c. 

«33. 

»34. 

M7. 

'°  13. 

ß  What  case  after  [d)abcu,  biciien? 

"  öon. 

"  einer;  why  inllet  ted  ? 

»^  55a. 

ELEMENTARY 


35 


be'  his  scn'ant."  And  when  the  rider  answered:  "1  am 
he! "2  Opherus  solemnly  promised  him  his  service.  Then  the 
enemy  took  his  new  servant  with  him.^     One  day  they  came 

lo  to  a  place  where  two  roads  met.  There  stood  a  cross 
high  above  the  ground.  When  the  enemy  saw  this  cross  he 
dashed  to  one  side/  calling"'  [out]  to  Opherus  that  he  would 
not  ride  that  way"  [any]  farther.  At  this^  Opherus  was  very 
much  astonished  and  said:  "Master,  tell  me  why  you  avoid 

15  this  road?"  The  enemy  did  not  want  to  do  this.  But 
when  Opherus  threatened  to  leave'  his  service,  he  said: 
"There  stands  the  sign  of  the  cross,  on  which  Christ  was 
crucified.  I  fear  it  much^  and  must  always  flee  [from]  it." 
Thereupon  said  Opherus:  "If  you  must  shun  the  sign  of  the 

20  cross,  then  he  who  hung  on  it'*'  must  be  mightier  than  you.  I 
will  go  and  seek  him."  Opherus  inquired  everywhere  where 
the  Lord  Jesus  might  be''  found.  At  last  he  came  to  a  her- 
mit. The  latter  told  him  what'-  a  mighty  king  the  master 
was'^  and  how  great  reward  he  gave'^  his  servants.    Opherus 

25  then  promised  to  serve  this  king  in  diligence'*  and  obedience. 

47.    The  Legend  of  St.  Christopher  {concluded) 

The  word  order  in  conditional  sentences  when  menu  is  omitted.  The 
uses  of  ^in,  f)cr.  The  substitution  for  the  possessive  pronoun.  The 
unreal  subjunctive.    The  uses  of  alö  with  positives  and  comparatives. 

The  hermit  was  glad  to  hear  this  and  said:  "  Opherus,  there 
flows  a  river  over  which  is  neither  path'^  nor  bridge.     If® 

^  ic^  märe  gerne.  » [e^r. 

2  Der  bin  icf).  10  16. 

3  Reflexive  or  personal  ?  "  27. 

*  jur  Seite.  12  n)clc^;  why  not  inflected? 
6  inbem  cr  .  .  .,  see  39c.  13  Why  subjunctive? 

•  be«  3Segeg.  »  3. 

'  Darüber,  see  16.  "  3  and  9. 

8  58b.  16  55b. 


36  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

you  will  carry  the  people  across'  it  for  the  sake  of  God,  then 
you  will  please  the  master  with  such  service." 
5  ''All  right,  I  will  do  it,"  said  Opherus.  He  then  built 
himself  a  hut  by  the  water.  Many  people  came,  whom  he 
carried  across  the  river,  and  he  was  on  duty-  day  and  night. 
One  night,  as  Opherus  was  very  tired,  for  he  had  carried 
across  many  people,  he  lay  down  and  fell  asleep.     Soon  the 

to  voice  of  a  child  called  him:  "Opherus,  come  and  carry  me 
across!"  He  arose,  looked  around,  but  found  no  one.  He 
lay  down  again  and  fell  asleep.  Again^  the  voice  called: 
"Opherus!"  The  second  time  he  ran  out,  but  as  he  found 
nobody  he  lay  down  again  to  sleep. ^    And  the  third  time  the 

15  voice  called:  "Opherus!"  This  time  he  found  a  httle  child 
standing  by  the  river.  It  was  a  boy.  He  lifted  him  on  his^ 
arm,  took  his  staff  in  his  hand,  and  waded  into  the  river. 
But  suddenly  the  water  began  to  rise,  and  the  child  seemed 
to  be  getting^  heavier.     The  water  rose  higher  and  higher, 

20  and  the  child  became  heavier  and  heavier,  so  that  Opherus 
thought  he  would  drown,^  and  he  said:  "Oh,  child,  how 
heavy  you  are!  It  seems  to  me  as  if^  I  were  carrying^  the 
whole  world  on  my  shoulders."  "In  truth,"  said  the  child, 
"you  are  carrying  more   than  the  world,  you  are  carrying 

25  him  who  created  it." 

And  the  child  pressed  Opherus  under  the  water  and  spake : 
"I  baptize  you  in  the  name  of  my  father.  Heretofore  you 
have  been  called  Opherus,  henceforth  you  shall  be  called 
Christopherus.     And   you   shalP"   plant   your   staff   in    the 

30  dry  ground.  By  it*^  you  shall  recognize  my  power,  for 
to-morrow  the  staff  will  bloom  and  bear  fruit." 

1  fjinüber,  see  16  and  50.  «  seemed  to  become.  '"  26a, 

2  irnrtcte  fcineS  ©ienfteö.  ^  Opherus  thought  to  drown. 

3  ^f^orfimalö.  6  15.         8  Omit  //;  what  order?  see  55b. 

*  lay . .  .to  sleep,  legte  [id^  [c^Iofcn.       "  What  mode  ?  "  T^aron. 


ELEMENTARY 


37 


With  this'  the  master  disappeared;  Christopherus  however 
was  glad,  thanked  his  master,  and  planted  the  staff  in  the 
dry  ground.  Over  night  it  became  (to)  a-  tree,  blossomed, 
35  and  soon  bore  fruit.  Then  Christopherus  kneeled  down  and 
prayed,  took  the  cross  of  the  master  (upon  himself),  and 
followed  him. 

48.   Thor 

The  compound  nouns.  The  use  of  the  hyphen.  The  comparison  of 
adjectives.  The  substitution  for  demonstrative  and  relative  pro- 
nouns when  referring  to  things.  The  indirect  discourse.  The 
present  participle. 

Thor  is  in^  Norse  mythology  a  god  of  spring  who  sub- 
dues the  frost  giants.^ 

He  is  the  strongest  of  all  gods  and  men.  On  his  head  he 
wears  a  crown  of  stars;  under  his  feet  rests  the  earth,  which 
5  shows  the  footprints  of  his  mighty  steps. 

He  is  terrible  when  angry,  and  his  burning^  eyes  sparkle 
fearfully;  but  his  great  strength  is  coupled  with  inoffensive 
good  nature. 

He  possesses  three  very  precious  articles.  The  first  is 
10  a  large  hammer,  the  handiw^ork  of  dwarfs.  It  never  misses 
its  aim,  and  it  returns  always  to®  the  hand  of  Thor.  Both 
the  frost  and  mountain  giants  know  it  wtII  and  fear  it.  It 
has  split  many  a  skull  of  their  fathers  and  kindred.  The 
second  valuable  thing  is  his  belt.  When  he  girds  it  about 
15  him,  his  divine  strength  is  redoubled.  The  third  precious 
article  is  a  pair  of  iron  gloves,  which  he  is  obliged  to  wear 
when  he  lays  hold  [of  the  handle]  of  ^  the  hammer. 

Thor's  chariot  is  drawn^  by^  two  goats.  These  symbolize 
the  zigzag  leap  of  the  lightning;  the  flying  hammer  symbol- 

1  16.  *  id.  7  crgrdft. 

2  jum.  5  feurig.  « 27a. 

3  Add  def.  art.  *  ill.  "  Don. 


38  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

20  izes  the  lightning  itself,  and  the  rolling  chariot,  the  thunder. 

His  realm  is  named  Hrendwang,  field  of^  strength,  and  his 

castle  Bilsk,  the  unshakable. 

His  relations  to  the  people  are  most  intimate.     He  is  the 

most  human,  affable,  and  popular  of  all  the  gods,  a  friend 
25  of  the  peasant,  protector  of  the  household,  and  benefactor  of 

the  common  people.     With  his  hammer  he  consecrates  the 

new-born  child,  the  marriage,  and  the  funeral  pile. 

49.    Thor  and  the  Giant  Thrym 

One  night"  while  Thor  was  peacefully  sleeping  he  dreamed 
that  his  hammer  was^  stolen.  It  seemed  to  him  that  a  giant 
had^  taken  it.  The  dream  proved  true.  The  hammer  was 
gone."*    With  a  cry  that  shook  the  foundations  of  Asgard  he 

5  sprang  up.  "The  giants  have  stolen  it,"  he  shouted.  Loki 
offers  to  go  to  the  enemy  if  Freya  [will]  lend^  him  her  falcon 
garment.^  To  this^  the  beautiful  goddess  readily  consents. 
When  he  arrives  at  Jotunheim  he  calls  for  Thrym,  the  giants' 
king,     Thrym  asks  him  what  he  desires.     Loki  tells  him 

10  what  has^  happened,  and  asks  him  if  he  knows^  where  the 
hammer  is.^  Thrym  admits  that  he  has^^  taken  it.  "Miol- 
ner,"  he  says,  "is  buried  eight  fathoms  deep  in  the  earth, 
and  will  not  return  into  Thor's  hands  until  you  bring  me 
Freya  to^^  wife." 

15  His  announcement  causes  great  indignation  in  Asgard. 
Freya,  of  course,  rejects  the  proposal.  The  gods  assemble 
for^^  deliberation. 

Some  one  j)roposes  that  Thor  himself  shall  be  dressed  up 
as  a  bride  and  depart  for  Thrym's  hall. 

'  of  the  strength.  ^  Why  subjunctive?  "  What  mode? 

2  20.  '•  i^ebergcmanb,  n.  '"  29a. 

3  29.  7  16.  "  jur. 
'  fort.  8  ift. 


ELEMENTARY  39 

20  Thor  rages  against  such  a  degrading  suggestion,  but  Loki 
offers  to  accompany  him  as  attendant.  When  they  approach 
Jotunhcim  they  behold'  Thrym,  awaiting"  the  return  of  his 
cattle  with  the  golden  horns. 

The   giant   is   glad   that   the  goddess  has  consented   to 

25  become  his  wife,  and  soon  they  sit  down  to  the  wedding 
feast.  Then  the  eyes  of  the  bridegroom  open^  wide,  for 
the  gentle  lady  beside  him  eats  a  whole  ox  and  eight 
salmon (s),  and  drinks  two  tubs  of  mead.* 

The  king  wonders  at  this"'  greatly,  but  Loki  explains  to  the 

30  astonished  bridegroom  that  the  lady  has"  fasted  for  eight 
days^  on  account  of  her  love  and  longing  for  him. 

A  moment  later  the  eager  lover  attempts  to  lift  the  veil 
and  snatch  a  kiss.  \Vhen  he  sees  the  glowing  eyes  of  Thor 
he  leaps  back  the  length^  of  the  room.     Again  Loki  explains 

35  that  the  bride's  eyes  are  so  red  from  waking  and  weeping'' 
for  him. 

Then  Thrym  gives  orders ^"^  to  bring  the  hammer,  and 
places  it  on  the  lap  of  his  bride.  Scarcely  is  this  done 
when  the  supposed  bride  rises,  and  swinging^ ^  the  hammer 

40  Thor  crushes  the  skull  of  Thrym.  All  the  giants,  one  after 
the  other,  fall,  and  once  more  Asgard  is  saved. 

50.    The  Legend  of  Gudrun 

The  use  of  an.  The  definite  article  with  abstract  nouns.  The  article 
with  names  of  countries.  The  omission  of  the  article  with  prepo- 
sitional phrases. 

In  the  land  of  the  Hegelingen  by^^  the  German  Sea  ruled 
many  years  ago'^  the  mighty  king  Hettel.     He  had  two  chil- 

1  34.  5  barüber,  see  16.  ^  öom  SBac^cn  unb  ^Beinen. 

2  39a.  6  29b.  10  Singular. 

3  28.  7  a^f  Jage  (at^g.  "  38c  and  note. 
*  13.  « 24.  »=  an. 

»3  Dor  öicicn  3a()rcn. 


40  GERMAN  PROSE  COMPOSITION 

dren,  a  daughter  Gudrun  and  a  boy  Ortwin.  Gudrun  grew 
into^  a  charming  maiden  whom  everybody  Hked.  The  rep- 
5  utation  of  her  great  beauty  and  excellent  qualities  spread 
through  all  lands.  Many  knightly  suitors  wooed  her,  but 
her  parents  rejected  all.  Among  the  unsuccessful  wooers 
were  three  kings:  Siegfried  of  Moorland,  Hartmut  of^  Nor- 
mandy, and  Herwig  of  Seeland.     The  latter  determined  to 

lo  gain  the  maiden  by^  force,  and  with  3000  warriors  he  attacked 
Hettel's  castle.  A  great  battle  ensued.  Gudrun  watched 
the  fight  from  the  window.  As  she  saw  the  valor  of  the 
hero  Herwig,  love  entered  her  heart.  "*  She  prevailed  upon 
her  father  to  stop  the  fight  and  to  invite  Herwig  into  the 

15  castle.  King  Hettel  consented,  as^  he  also  admired  the 
great  bravery  of  the  king.  Herwig  now  won  Gudrun's 
heart  fully,  and  the  parents  gave  their  consent  to  the  be- 
trothal, which  was  celebrated  on  the  following  day. 

51.   The  Legend  of  Gudrun  (contintted) 

However,  the  happiness  of  the  betrothed  [ones]  was  of  short 
duration.  The  rejected  king  Siegfried  had  invaded  Herwig's 
country  and  devastated  it.  Herwig  was  obliged^  to  hurry 
home  in  order  to  protect  his  country.     Hettel  and  his  war- 

5  riors  also  went  to  his  aid.^  While  the  land  of  the  Hege- 
lingen  was  thus  without  defenders,  the  cunning  king  Ludwig 
of^  Normandy  with  a  strong  army  arrived  before  Hettel's 
castle  and  demanded  the  beautiful  Gudrun  for  his  son 
Hartmut.     As  Gudrun  refused  to  go  of  her  own  free  will, 

10  he  carried  her  and*  62  of  her  maidens  away  as  prisoners. 
Queen  Hilde  at  once  sent  messengers  with  this  sad  news  to 

» ertüuc^ö  ju.  "  jog  bie  ?iebc  in  il^r  vS>tj. 

^  of,  Don  bcr.  6  41a.  7  jogcu  iljm  311  ."pilfc,  see  33. 

2  mit.  0  mu^tc.  » [amt. 


ELEMENTARY  4 1 

Hettel  and  Herwig.  The  latter  concluded  peace  and  friend- 
ship with  Siegfried;  then  united  they  set  out  in  pursuit  of  the 
robbers  and   overtook  them  on  the  Wulpensand,  an  island 

IS  at  the  mouth-of-the-Scheldt.*  Here  a  frightful  battle  was- 
fought,  which  lasted  till^  night.  The  water  was  red  with* 
the  blood  of  the  slain.  Among  the  dead  was  king  Hettel, 
who  fell  by"'  the  hand  of  (the)  king  Ludwig.  The  Hege- 
lingen  fought  bravely,  but  could  not  free  Gudrun  and  her 

20  maidens.  Under  cover  of  nighf^  the  Normans  boarded  their 
ships  and  escaped  with  their  prisoners.  The  Hegelingcn 
could  not  pursue  them,  for  most^  of  their  men  had*  fallen 
in  the  fight.  They  were  obliged  to  postpone  the  revenge 
till  a  new  generation  had*  grown  up. 

52.    The  Legend  of  Gudrun  (co>itiuued) 

The  use  of  a(3.  The  position  of  aud).  The  dependent  subjunctive.  The 
uses  of  the  passive  voice.  The  imperative  mood.  The  use  of  [0  as 
resuming  particle.     The  use  of  muffen.     The  unreal  subjunctive. 

Gudrun  sat  grieving^  on  the  deck  of  Ludwig's  ship,  when 
king  Ludwig  approached.  He  greeted  her  most^^  kindly, 
and  promised  her  high  honors  and  treasures,  if  she  con- 
sented'^ to  become  the  wife  of  his  son  Hartmut.  But  she 
5  rejected  the  offer  proudly.  "I  will  die  rather^-  than  take 
Sir  Hartmut  for  my^^  husband,"  she  answered  him. 

Then  king  Ludwig  waxed  wroth,  seized  Gudrun  by'^  her 

long  golden  hair,  and  hurled  her  into  the  sea.    When  young^'^ 

Hartmut  saw  this,  he  leaped  from  the  vessel, ^^  and  pulled 

10  the  ill-treated  maid  out  of  the  waves.     He  reproached  his 

•  2c^clbcmünbimg,/.     ^  3m  Xunfd  bcr  ^ad)t.      ^-  rather  die. 

2  Passive.  7  Add  def.  art.  '3  ^um. 

3  bid  in  bie.  s  what  auxiliary  ?  "  bei. 

*  Oon.  8  38c.  15  Why  article  ?  see  4a. 
5  burc^.  10  [c^r.  16  Supply  ^crab. 

"  What  mode  ? 


42  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

father  bitterly/  because  he  had  treated  Gudrun  so  cruelly, 
—  for  still  he  hoped  to  win  her.  When  they  landed  they 
were  received  by^  Hartmut's  mother,  Gerhnd,  and  his  sister 
Ortrun.  Ortrun  felt  a  sincere  pity  and  friendship  for^ 
15  the  beautiful  stranger,  and  kissed  her  heartily  on  both 
cheeks.  But  when  queen  Gerlind  also  tried  to  kiss  Gu- 
drun, she  repulsed  her,  for  she  knew  that  Gerlind  was^ 
the  cause  of  her  misfortune. 

53.  The  Legend  of  Gudnin  (continued) 

Gudrun  also  said  that  she  would  never  take  Sir  Hartmut 
for  her^  husband.  Hartmut  heard  these  words  and  be- 
came very  sad.  Gerlind  however  encouraged  him  and  said : 
''Foolish  children  must  be   taught;^  I  will^  subdue  her,  if 

5  you  will  leave  her  training  to  me."  ''I  will  most  gladly  do 
so,  dear  mother,"  rephed  Hartmut,  "but,  I  pray  you,  be 
good  and  kind  to^  the  homeless  maid.  Consider  that  I 
have  caused  her  much  suffering." 

While  Hartmut  was  at  home,  Gudrun  was  treated  with  con- 

10  sideration.  But  when  he  went^  on  a  new  expedition  of  war, 
Gerlind  began  to  treat  Gudrun  most  cruelly.  "If  you  do  not 
want  joy^^ you  shall  have  sorrow,"  she  said  to  Gudrun.  "[A] 
servant  you  shall  be  from  this  day."^^  Gudrun's  maidens 
were  taken  from  her;  she  herself  had^-  to  look  after  the  fires, 

15  sweep  the  rooms,  and  wipe  the  dust  from  the  furniture  with 
her  hair.  Her  bed  was  a  hard  bench  and  her  food  water 
and  dry  bread.    She  suffered  much  and  shed  many^^  a  bitter 


1  He  made  his  father  bitter  reproaches. 

8  gCflCll. 

2  bon. 

» au^3og. 

'in. 

'"47. 

*  29a. 

»  Add  an, 

"sum. 

1226c. 

0  Passive  infinitive.                       ^  25. 

'•^  44. 

ELEMENTARY  43 

tear,  but  her  faithfulness  to  Herwig  never  wavered.  After 
three  years  Hartmut  returned  and  offered  the  maiden  his 
20  hand  and  (his)  throne;  but  neither  prayers  nor  threats 
could  induce  her  to  break  her  promise  to  Herwig.  ''You 
know,"  she  replied  [to]  Hartmut,  "that  I  am  betrothed  [to] 
a  noble  king,  and  to  him  I  shall  be  faithful  unto'  death." 

54.    The  Legend  of  Gudrun  {contimied) 

The  quasi  or  unreal  passive.  The  personal  pronouns.  The  article 
with  names  of  seasons,  months,  days.  The  use  of  gu.  The  indefi- 
nite pronoun  manc^.  The  article  with  names  of  seasons.  The 
particles  ^in  and  f)er.     [ic^  as  reciprocal. 

Hartmut  now  left  her  to  his  mother's  cruelty.  Henceforth 
Gudrun  was  obliged  to  carry  the  linen  to^  the  shore  and 
wash  it  there.  Humbly  and  patiently  Gudrun  submitted. 
In  the  heat  of  summer^  and  the  cold  of  winter  the  orphaned 

5  princess  went  barefoot  to  the  beach  and  washed.  But 
misery  and  disgrace  could  not  shake  her  faithfulness  to 
Herwig. 

Hildburg,  a  noble  maid,  who  had  been  captured^  with  her 
could  not  bear  to  see  Gudrun's  misery,  and  determined  at 

10  least  to  suffer  with  her,  even  if  she  could^  not  help  her. 
Gerhnd  permitted  her  to  help  Gudrun  in  the  work.  Hence- 
forth they  went  together  daily  to  the  shore.  In  the  evening 
they  carried  the  washed  garments  to  the  castle,  went  to  their 
miserable,  httle  room,  and  comforted  each   other  in  their 

15  sorrow^,  till  they  fell  asleep. 

1  big  in  ben.  *  27b. 

^  an.  6  Insert  aud^,  see  48. 

8  Why  article  ?  see  X2, 


44  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

55.   The  Legend  of  Gudrun  {contintced) 

fommen  with  the  perfect  participle,  eg  as  subject  of  i[t  and  [inb  in 
expression  of  identity.  Position  of  adverbial  modifiers  of  time  and 
place.     The  use  of  the  particle  auc^.     Possessives  as  substantives. 

Thirteen  years  full  of  humiliation  had^  passed.  One 
day,  as  the  maidens  were  washing  by  the  shore,  a  swan 
came  swimming.-  It  was  a  divine  messenger.  It  brought 
news  from  their  native  land,  and  told  them  that  Herwig 

5  was  approaching^  with  many  ships  and  warriors  to  free 
them.  Then  the  bird  disappeared.  On  account  of  this 
glad  news  they  forgot  the  washing.  Gerlind  scolded  them, 
and  the  next  day  they  had^  to  wade  barefooted  through  the 
snow  to  the  sea.     They  did  not  wash,  but  looked  longingly 

10  out^  on  the  sea.  Suddenly  they  noticed  two  men  in  a 
boat.  They  wanted  to  flee,  for  they  were  ashamed  of  their 
scanty  attire.  But  the  men  had®  already  leaped  on^  land 
and  greeted  them  most  courteously  and  kindly.  The  men, 
who  were  Herwig  and  Ortwin,  did  not  recognize  the  maidens 

15  who^  stood  before  them,  shivering  in  the  cold  Alarch  wind. 
Turning  to  Gudrun,  Ortwin  asked  about  the  princess  whom 
the  ruler  of  this  country  had  carried  off  to  this  place  years 
ago.  Gudrun  answered:  "The  one^  whom  you  seek  I  have 
seen  in  great  misery."     And  having  turned ^^  to^^  Herwig, 

20  she  continued:  "Whoever  you  may  be,  you  (so)  surprisingly 
resemble  one  whom  I  knew.  His  name  was  Herwig  and 
he  was  from  Seeland." 

Then  replied  the  noble  knight:  "Herwig  is  my  name  and 
this  ring  the  noble  Gudrun  gave  me."     "Well  I  know  this 

1  What  auxiliary  ?  7  q^Ö. 

240.  8  who  sliivering  .  .  .  stood  before  them. 

3  Why  subjunctive?  0  The  one,  1)icicntflc  or  I^ic. 

•"  26c.  >o  having  turned,  inbcm  fie  [iii^  .  .  .  luanbtc 

''  f)inQu«.        •'  Why  trarcn?  "  an. 


ELEMENTARY  45 

25  ring,"  spoke  Gudrun.  ''Years  ago'  it  was  mine,  and  lliis 
[one]  here  on  my  finger  m\'  beloved  gave  to  me,  when  I 
poor  orphan  still  lived  in  my  father's  house."  Then 
Herwig  clasped  his  faithful  betrothed  in  his-  arms,  and 
past  were  sadness   and   sorrow.     With   the  promise  to  re- 

30  turn  before  the  sun  should  risc^  again,  and  to  free  them, 
they  departed.  Gudrun  threw  the  washing  into  the  sea 
with  the  words:  ''For  this  work  I  am  too  lofty,  since  two 
kings  have  kissed  me  and  clasped  me  in  their  arms." 
When  they  returned  without  the  linen  Gerlind  threatened 

35  to  scourge  them  with  thorns.  But  Gudrun  declared  that 
she  would  become  Hartmut's  wife.  Then  Gerlind  rejoiced. 
Gudrun  and  her  maidens  were*  clothed  finely  and  treated 
like  gentlewomen. 

56.    The  Legend  of  Gudrun  {concluded) 

On   the   next   morning   Herwig   and   Ortwin   with   their 

heroes  attacked  the  castle.     In  the  fearful  battle  the  wild 

king  Ludwig  w^as  slain  by^  Herwig.     Gerlind  saw  this  and 

gave   orders   to   assassinate    Gudrun.     Hartmut   prevented 

5  this  just-in-time. ^    When  Herwig's  men  entered  the  castle 

great  fear  came  over  Gerlind.     She  fell  at  Gudrun's  feet^ 

and  begged  her  to  spare  her  life.     Gudrun,  ever  ready  to 

forgive,  hid  Gerlind  among  her  maidens.     She  was  found 

by   an  enraged    knight   and    at  once  beheaded.     Hartmut 

10  and  Ortrun  were  spared,  but  taken  prisoners.     With  much 

booty  the  Hegelingen  returned  home.     The  happy  Gudrun 

wished  that  others  also^  should   share  in  her  fortune.     So 

Hartmut  was  set  free  and  betrothed  to®  the  faithful  Hildburg; 

»  SSor  3ö^ten.  c  nocf)  red)tjeitig. 

2 15.  ^  ®ubrun  ju  ^^üßen. 

3  Subjunctive  or  conditional.  *  48. 

*  Why  passive  ?  «  t»on.  »  mit. 


46  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

her  brother  Ortwin  chose  the  gentle  Ortrun  for^  [his]  wife, 
15  and  Gudrun  hved  henceforth  in  happiness  and  peace,  as 
queen  by-  the  side  of  her  beloved  Herwig. 

57.   The  Vagabond 

The  substitution  for  the  present  participle.     The  accusative  absolute 
with  a  perfect  participle. 

A  vagabond  was  passing  the  king's  palace.  He  was 
barefoot  and  his  hair  blowing^  in  the  wind.  He  was  young 
and  handsome,  with  his  golden  curls,  his  great  black  eyes, 
and  his  red  cheeks,  fresh  as  a  rose  after  the  rain.  There  was 
5  more  joy  and  light  on  his  rags  than^  on  the  satin  and  velvet 
of  the  ladies  and  gentlemen  in  the  palace.  ''  Oh,  how  pretty 
she  is!"^  he  exclaimed,  suddenly  stopping.^  He  had  dis- 
covered the  princess  Rosalind,  who  was  standing  at-  the 
open  window;    and  indeed  she  was  beautiful.     Motionless 

10  he  gazed  at  the  maiden,  till  a  guard  drove  him  away  with 
hard  words. 

It  seemed  to  him  now  that^  everything  was  dark  around 
him,^  the  horizon,  the  road,  the  blossoming  trees.  He  sat 
down  under  an  oak  on^  the  edge  of  the  wood,  and  began  to 

15  weep. 

''My  child,  why  are  you  weeping?"  asked  an  old  woman 
who  came  out  of^  the  wood,  her  back  bowed ^^  under  a  load 
of  withered  boughs.  "What  good  will  it  do  me^^  to  telP- 
you?     You  can  do  nothing  for  me,'good  woman." 

20      ''There  you   are   mistaken,"   said    the  old   woman,   and 
throwing^^  away  her  bundle  [she]  drew  herself  up. 

J  gur.  ß  blieb  ;  .  .  [teilen.  ^  quo. 

2  an.  7  that,  al§  ob.  '^  nicbcrgcbcugt. 

3  was  blowing.  ^  um  i()ii  l)er.  "  SBaö  luirb  cß  mirnü^cn 

4  42a.  »2  Add  Co. 
•''55d,  56c.  ^^38,39. 


ELEMENTARY  47 

58     The  Vagabond  {continued) 

The  use  of  [onbcrn.  The  difTerent  substitution  for  the  present  participle 
The  use  of  the  j)assivc.     The  translation  of  so  that  in  final  clauses. 

She  was  no  longer  an  old  forest  woman,  but'  a  beautiful 

fairy,  clad  in  a  silver  robe,  her  hair  garlanded  with  Howcrs 

of  precious  stones.     The  withered   boughs  which   she  had 

carried  had  covered  themselves  with  green  leaves,  and  had^ 

5  returned  to  the  tree  from  which  they  had^  fallen.     "Fairy," 

said  the  vagabond,  throwing^  himself  on  his^  knees,  "have 

pity  on^  my  misfortune.     Since  seeing"  the  king's  daughter 

my  heart  is  no  longer  my  own.     I  shalP  die,  if  I  do  not 

become    the    princess's   husband."     "What    hinders   you? 

10  Rosalind   is  not  betrothed."     "Oh,  look   at   my  rags,  my 

bare  feet!"     "Never  mind!^     He  who*^  loves  sincerely  will 

be  lovcd^'^  in  return.     This  is  an  eternal  law.    The  king  and 

the  queen  will  repulse  you  with  contempt,  the  courtiers  will 

deride  you,  but  if  your  love  is  genuine  you  will  gain  Rosa- 

15  lind's  love.     Make  a  wish,^^  and  I  will  grant  it." 

"I  should  like  to  be  the  most  powerful  prince  on  earth,^^ 
so  that  I  can  marry  the  princess." 

"Ah,  why  don't  you  stay  without  such  care,  and  sing  a 
love  song  under  her  window?" 

59.    The  Vagabond  {concluded) 

The  position  of  the  direct  and  the  indirect  object  pronouns.  The 
dative  of  interest,  instead  of  a  possessive  pronoun.  Spurious  appo- 
sition with  nouns  of  weight,  measure,  etc. 

"But,  as^^  you  have  my  promise,  I  shall  grant  your  wish. 
But  know,^"*  when  you  no  longer  are  what  you  are  now,  no 

^  fonbem,  see  51.  '^agd.  "  Make  a  'civV/;,  SSünfc^c! 

•  What  auxiliary?  ^  What  tense?  '-  auf  (5rbcn. 

3  39.  8  Jut  nic^td!  or  §at  nic^td  3U  [agcn! 

^  bic.  0  SBcr.  :341a. 

6  mit.  »0  What  voice?  "  Imperative. 


48  GERMAN   PROSE  COMPOSITION 

fairy,  not  even  I,  can  restore  to  you  your  former  condition. 
You  will^  then  always  have  to  remain-  a  prince."  Then  with 
5  a  golden  wand  she  touched  his  shoulder,  and  the  vagabond 
was  a  magnificent  prince.  He  was  well  received  at^  court. 
For  a  whole  week^  there  were  festivities  in  his  honor. ^  But 
he  did  not  care  for  them.  Every  hour  of  the  day  and  night 
he  thought  of  Rosalind.     He  tried  to  win  her  love,  but  she 

lo  avoided  him.  Nevertheless  he  asked  her  parents'  consent, 
and  of  course  received  it.  Thus  the  former  vagabond  was 
about®  to  possess  the  most  beautiful  princess  in  the  world. 
But  hardly  had  Rosalind  been  informed  of  the  parental  will, 
when  she  fell  half  dead  into  the  arms  of  her  maid  of  honor, 

15  and  when  she  came  to,  she  said,  sobbing^  and  wringing^  her 
hands,  that  she  did  not  want  to  marry  the  prince,  but^  rather 
die. 

The  prince  was  in  despair,  but  no  entreaties  could  change 
her  will. 

20  "Prince,"  she  said,  "nothing  can  overcome  my  resolve. 
I  will  never  marry  you." 

He  said  everything  that  a  violent  grief  can  teach^  a 
loving  heart,  but  all  in  vain.  "Unhappy  prince,  if  my 
pity,  instead    of    my   love,  can   be   a   consolation   to  you, 

25  I  gladly  grant  it.  I  have  also  much  reason  to  complain, 
for  I  myself  am  unhappy.  I  refuse  to  marry  you,  be- 
cause I  love  with  [a]  hopeless  love  a  young  vagabond,  with 
bare  feet  and  hair  blowing  in  the  wind,  who  passed  my 
father's  palace  one  day  and  looked  at  me,  and  has  never 

30  come  back." 


226C. 

'^  i^m  gu  Gf)rcn; 
» na^c  baran. 

what  dative 

? 

3  am. 

*  A  whole  week 

long. 
0 

Dative 

8  Why  [oubcru? 
caftcr  ciut^cbcn. 

ELEMENTARY  49 

60.    Robinson  Crusoe 

On  the  (k'ck  Robinson  saw'  the  sailors  raise  the  anchors 
and  set  the  sails.  A  favorable  wind  blew  and  the  ship 
moved  down-  the  river  Elbe,  so  that  the  city  of  Hamburj^ 
was  soon  out  of  sight.     On  the''  following  day  they  sailed 

5  out  into  the  open  sea.    Gradually  tlie  land  disappeared  from 

sight,  and  soon  they  could  sec  nothing  but  sky  and  water. 

For  two  successive  days*  they  had  [a]  favorable  wind.    On 

the  third  day  dark  clouds  began  to  spread"'  across  the  sky. 

The  wind  became  a"  storm  and  stirred  up  the  ocean.     The 

10  liglitning  Hashed  and  the  thunder  rolled.  The  waves  rose 
very  high  and  tossed  the  ship,  now  high  into  the  air  and  now 
back  into  the  water. 

Xo  one  could  stand  upon  the  deck  without  holding^  on. 
Robinson,  who  was  not  accustomed  to  a  storm,  became  very 

15  sick.  Suddenly  there  was  a  mighty  crash.  The  lightning 
had  shattered  the  mast.  At  the  same  time  [there]  came  a 
voice  from  the  hold,  ''We  are  lost!  The  ship  has  sprung  a 
leak!"  All  ran  to^  the  pumps  to  keep  the  ship  afloat,  but 
in  vain.     The  water  rose  higher  and  higher.     They  threw 

20  overboard  cannon,^  bales,  and  barrels  to  lighten  the  ship,  but 
it  did  not  help. 

61.    Robinson  Crusoe  {continued) 

In  the  meanwhile  another  ship  had  heard  the  signals  of 

distress,  and  had  sent  out  a  boat  to  save  the  people.     The 

waves  were   rising   higher   and    higher   and   threatened   to 

swallow  the  boat,  but  by'"  [the]  help  of  a  rope  thrown' '  to  a 

5  sailor  on  the  sinking  ship  they  were  able  to  come  near  [to  it]. 

J  34.  *  S^d  Jage  ^intcreinanbcr.  ^  39a. 

2  Position  ?  5  58b.  8  mdt}. 

3  3tm.  « sum.  ^  9. 

1°  mit.  "  which  they  had  thrown. 


50 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


Scarcely  had^  all  leaped  into  the  boat  when  the  ship  was 
swallowed  by-  the  waves. 

The   storm   had   now  abated   somewhat,  and  the  boat, 
with  the  saved  [ones],  was^  taken  in  by  the  ship  to  which 

lo  it  belonged.  After  three  days  they  arrived  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Thames,  and  soon  they  anchored  in  the  harbor  of 
London.  The  captain  asked  Robinson  why  he  had"*  left 
Hamburg  and  what  he  intended  to  do  now.  Robinson 
told  him  that  he  had  made  this  journey  without  the  knowl- 

15  edge  of  his  parents.  The  captain,  who  was  a  good,  honest 
man,  told  him  that  he  must^  go  home  and  ask  his  parents' 
forgiveness,  or  things  could  not  possibly  go  well  with  him.® 
He  gave  Robinson  a  few  guineas  for  his  journey. 

Robinson  went  to  the  harbor  to  find  a  ship  which  was 

20  soon  to  set  out  for^  Hamburg.  On  his^  way  to  the  harbor 
he  thought:  ''What  will  my  parents  say  when  I  come  home? 
They  will  surely  punish  me,  and  the  people  will  make  fun 
of  me  because  I  returned  so  soon."  A  man  in  the  harbor 
told   him   that   there   was   no   ship   bound    for   Hamburg.' 

25  There  was,  however,  an  opportunity  to  make  a  journey  to^'' 
Guinea.  He  went  to  see  the  captain.  The  latter  said 
he  would  take  him  along  free  of  charge,  and  that  he  could 
earn  a-considerable-sum^^  by  trading^^  with  the  Indians. 

62.    Robinson  Crusoe  {continued) 

"The  negroes  of  Africa,"  said  the  captain,  "find  great 
pleasure  in  all  sorts  of  trifles,  —  glass,  corals,  knives,  scissors, 


»  What  auxiliary  ? 

"  baf^  ct^  i{)m  yonft  iiumöglid)  U'ol)t  ci^i\)t\\ 

2  öon. 

füiiiie.          ^  iiad). 

3  Passive  ? 

«15. 

^30. 

9  fein  noc^  Hamburg  bcftimmtcö  <S(^iff. 

6  29c. 

'"  nac^. 

> 

'  5lnfc{)nlid)c6. 

'■-'  im  6j)anbd. 

ELEMENTARY  5I 

hatchets,  ribbons,  etc.     For  these  they  will  give  you  gold, 
ivory,  and  other  things."     Thereupon  the  desire  to  go  along 

5  became  so  keen  in  Robinson  that  he  forgot  parents,'  friends, 
and  native  land.  He  bought  what  the  captain  advised  him, 
and  went  on  board. 

After  several  days  they  raised  the  anchors,  set  the 
sails,    and    a    favorable   wind   drove    the    ship    down    the 

o  Thames. 

Without  accident  they  sailed  through  the  Channel,  into 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  soon  reached  Madeira,  an  island 
near  Africa.  Here  they  anchored.  Madeira  is  a  beautiful 
island.     As  far  as  eye  can  see-  are  mountains  covered  with 

5  grape  vines.  How  his  mouth  watered  ^^  hen  he  saw  these 
beautiful  sweet  grapes!  The  people  in  the  vineyard  gave 
him^  permission  to  eat  as  many  of  them  as  he  cared  to."* 
He  also  saw  them  make  wine.  They  poured  the  grapes 
into  a  great  wooden  vessel  and  then  trod   them  out  w^ith 

o  their  feet. 

Robinson  did  not  care  to  drink  (of)  it.  For-^  a  few^  days 
all  was  very  interesting,  but  soon  the  restless  Robinson 
began  to  feel  bored  and  longed  for  a  change.^ 

There  arrived  in  the  harbor  a  Portuguese  ship  which  was 

5  on  its^  w^ay  to  Brazil.  The  captain,  w^hose  acquaintance 
Robinson  made,  told  him  of  the  precious  stones  and  gold 
which  are^  found  in  Brazil.  There  he  could  go  and  fill  his 
pockets  with  them.^  Of  course  Robinson  wanted  to  go,  and 
as  the  captain  offered  to  take  him  along  free  of  charge,  he 

0  could  no  longer  resist.     He  told  the  English  captain  that  he 

»  9.  '  2Iuf. 

*  <©o  lüeit  man  [e^en  fann.  «  nac^  33eränbcrung. 
'  Insert  hit.  ^  15. 

*  to  eat  .  .  .  cared  to,  \o  Did  boDon  *  27b- 

gu  effen,  a[€  er  ?u[t  ^ätte.  «  16. 


52  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

would  leave  him.     The  latter  was  glad  to  get  rid  of  him; 
he  gave  him,  however,  some  money  and  good  advice. 

63.    Robinson  Crusoe  {continued) 

Again  the   anchors  were  raised,  and  with   [a]  favorable 
wind  the  ship  passed  out  of  the  harbor   and   sailed   along 
the  island. 
They  passed   near^   the   island   of  Teneriffe,  where  the 
5  peak  of   its   high   mountain   glowed   in  the  beams  of  the 
setting  sun.     When  it  was  dark,  one  could  see  silvery  rays 
above  the  surface  of  the  water.     These  were  caused  by- 
flying  fish. 
For  several  days  in  succession^  they  had  beautiful  weather. 
10  Suddenly  a  violent  storm  broke  forth  from  the  northeast.'* 
For  six  days  the  waves,  as-high-as-a-house,^  rocked  the  ship 
up  and  down  and  drove  it  off  its  course,  so  that  they  knew 
not  where  they  were.     On  the  seventh  day  they  suddenly 
sighted    land.     Their    dehght,    however,    changed    to*^    the 
15  greatest   terror  when   they  saw  that  it  was  a  rocky  coral 
island.     At  the   same  time  all  felt  such^  a  violent   shock 
that  they  fell  down.     The  ship  was  on   a  rock  and  had 
sprung  a  leak.     At^  this  awful  moment  some  prayed  and 
cried,    some    jumped    overboard,    others    lowered    a    boat 
20  quickly   and   all  jumped   into   it.^     The  boat   was  so   full 
that  it  was  hardly  above  the  water.     As^^  the  storm  drove 
them  landward  they  thought  it  possible^  ^  to  reach  the  dis- 
tant land. 

Suddenly  a  mountainous  wave  rocked  the  boat;   it  cap- 
as  sized,  and  all  were  swallowed  in  the  raging  water. 

1  tiQ^e  an.  ^  ^quSI^oc^.  ^  [prangen  \)um\\. 

2  öon.  <*  in.  '041a. 

3  SD^efirerc  Jage  l^intcreinanbcr.  Mo.  "  [ic  l^icltcn  cö  für  möglic^. 
*  au8  g^iorboften.  «  3n. 


ELEMENTARY  53 

64.    Robinson  Crusoe  (concluded) 

Luckily  this  same  wave  carried  Robinson  toward  the 
shore  and  threw  the  unconscious  boy  on  the  dry  land. 

When  he  awoke  he  looked  about  for'  the  shi[)  and  the 
boat,  but  both  had  disappeared  in  the  raging  ocean.     None 
5  of  his  comrades  had-  escaped  death. 

He  thanked  God  on  his  knees  and  in'  [a]  loud  voice  that 
he  had  so  miraculously  saved  him.  Then  he  looked  around. 
It  was  a  strange  and  wild  land,  and  the  thought  of^  wild 
animals  and  wild  men  frightened  him  greatly.     On  account 

10  of^  [his]  fear  he  did  not  want  to  leave  the  coast,  but  at  last  he 
began  to  feel  such  thirst  that  he  was  compelled  to  go  forth 
and  search  for  water.  He  found  a  good  spring  not  far  from 
the  coast.  When  one  is  thirsty  a  drink  of  water  is  a  blessing. 
He  was  too  frightened  to  feel  hunger,  but  he  was  so  tired 

15  that  he  could  hardly  stand  on  his*  feet.  Where  could  he 
sleep?  There  was  no  house,  hut,  or  cave,  and  if  he  slept 
under  the  open  sky  the  wild  men  or  beasts  might^  come 
and  eat  him.  He  knew  not  what^  to  do.  At  last  he 
thought:  "I  will  do^  as  the   birds,  and   sleep  in  a  tree." 

20  So  he  climbed  a  tree,  seated  himself  comfortably  in  its 
branches,  and  went  to  sleep. 

*  nad).  "  an.  7  fönnten. 

2  What  auxiliary  ?  «  öor.  s  36, 

» mit.  •  15.  »  Insert  it. 


PART    II  —  INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED 

65.    A  Walk  in  Summer 

It  is  a  glowing,  burning  afternoon  in  summer.  I  am 
walking  slowly  through  the  parched  fields,  in  which  the 
many  yellow  stalks  plaintively  hang  their  heads. 

Not  a  sound,  —  profound,  brooding,  oppressive  stillness; 
5  only  the  dry  grass  crackles  softly  under  my  feet.  Not  a  bird 
ventures^  to  stir,  not  even  the  gnats  play  in  the  glaring  sun- 
light. 

And  I  am  all  alone  in  the  great  stillness.  I  fancy  myself 
to  be  the  sole  human  creature  that  is  still  breathing  any- 
10  where.  Far  off  in  the  distance  the  forest  stands  gray  and 
motionless.     There  I  will  go. 

I  have  to  cross  a  spacious  farmyard.^  Everything  is  as 
if^  dead  and  deserted.  Even  the  chickens  seem  to  sleep  in 
their  houses.  Above,  on  the  slate  roof  —  at  which  I  can- 
15  not  look  long,  for  the  sun  is  just  beating  down  upon  it  and 
has  transformed  it  into  a  glowing  oven  which  emits  a  terrible 
heat  —  above  on  the  ridge  of  the  roof  the  stork  stands  on  the 
wagon  wheel  intertwined  with  straw."*  But  he,  too,  is  asleep, 
one  leg  drawn  up,  quite  still  and  motionless,  so  that  I  imagine 
20  af^  first  sight  that  he  is  carved  out  of  wood.  As  I  presently 
pass  by  the  house  itself,  even  the  flies  are  asleep  behind 
the  windowpanes,  as  though  they  were  sticking  fast  to" 
them.     Just  so  still   and   drowsy   I    fancy'   Dornröschen's 

'  Add  e8.  ^  ^j/^  qu^  (w.  ace);  add  dcf.  art. 

"^farmyard,  ber  SBauernl^of.         "  an;  16. 
3  as  if,  Xo\t.  '  40a.  7  Add  mir;/ii;/(v,  bcnfcn. 

^4 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED 


55 


castle  [to  be].  And  just  as  I  am  about  to  imagine  myself 
the  prince  who  is  to  awaken  the  enchanted  Dornröschen, 
a  pig,  which  I  may  have  disturbed  in  its  contemplative 
siesta,  snorts  near  me  in  its  pen.     A  cow  answers  in   a 

5  low  tone. 

Thereupon  everything  is  again  as  quiet  as  before.  I 
hasten  to  get  away  out  of  this.^  Deliberately  I  proceed. 
Now  I  am  again  in  the  midst  of  a  grain  field.  Everything 
is  yellow.     But  no,  there  a  blue  cornflower  peeps  out,  and 

lo  yonder  a  bright  red  poppy.  Xo  living  being  besides  me. 
I  bend  down  and  turn  over  a  dry,  hot,  and  yellow  clod  of 
soil.  A  glistening  little  beetle  with  its  half  dozen  Httle  legs 
runs  hurriedly  away.  I  have  to  laugh  when  I  think  of 
the  fright  which  the  little  fellow  has  had  on  account  of  my 

15  big,  clumsy  fingers.  I  gaze  after  him  until  he  has  dis- 
appeared in  his  forest  of  tall  wheat  stalks. 

And  then  I  resume  my  tramp.  The  sun  burns  upon  mv^ 
back.  But  never  mind.  Already  I  see  the  grain  field  end 
yonder.     I  am  quite  close  to  the  edge  of  the  forest.     The 

20  last  stretch  I  take^  at  a  run,  though  I  feel  drenched  with^ 
perspiration.  Now  the  forest  has  received  me  into  its  shade. 
Here  it  is  quite  different.  As  if  ^  in  a  dream  I  walk  along 
under  the  cool  and  quiet  green  roof.  Involuntarily  I  take 
my  hat  ofT.     Is  it  on  account  of  the  previous  heat?     Peace 

25  —  peace.  And  my  mind  ponders  over  all  that  the  forest 
might  be  for  man. 

When  men  rejoice,  they  go  into  the  forest  and  laugh 
and  shout  so  that  the  echo  replies.  Yes,  the  good  forest 
joins  in  the  happiness. 

30      \Mien  men  are  sad,  then  they  ought  also  to  go  into  the 

1  out  of  this,  don  f)ier.  '  take,  3urücf=Iegcn;  at,  in. 

2  23.  *vnth,  in.  5  trie. 


56  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

forest,  lie  down  in  the  grass  and  weep  —  wTep.  Then  the 
forest  shakes  its  branches  full  of  pity  and  comfortingly,  and 
rustles  and  whispers  consolation  into  the  afflicted  heart  of 
man.  And  when  men  wish  to  pray,  they  should  not^  go 
5  where  they  are  disturbed.  The  forest  spreads  its  broad 
branches,  and  you-  enter  as^  into  a  festal  hall  and  are 
alone  with  your  Creator.  And  when  you  pray,  then  the 
old  firs  carry  your  prayer  upward  and  pray  for  you.  If 
you  wish  to  pray,  pray  in  the  forest. 

lo  And  I  go  into  the  forest,  in  order  to  dream.  Slowly  I 
have  wandered  on.  Now  the  road  turns,  just  near  a  young 
birch  with  trembling  leaves.  Another^  short  stretch  along 
the  footpaths  up  to  a  gigantic  fir  which  towers  into  the  air^ 
proudly  and  unconcernedly.     A  moment  ago,  fresh  resin  has 

15  oozed  out  of  the  bark.  It  still  clings  there  so  clear  and 
transparent  that  I  feel  tempted  to  touch  it  gently.  It  is  still 
quite  soft  and  cool.  Near  the  fir  I  leave  the  path  and  pene- 
trate into  the  heart  of  the  forest  through  ferns  and  low 
brambles.     I  really  have  to  raise  my  feet  high  (in  order)  to 

20  force  my^  way  through^  unchecked. 

There,  suddenly,  I  am  held  fast.    Laughing,  I  bend  down 
and   draw   forth   the   big   thorn   which   has   scratched    me 
slightly. 
Now  I  shall  soon  be  at  my  goal,  I  mean^  at  the  preci- 

25  pice.  Already  I  hear,  at  first  softly,  then  ever  more  forci- 
bly, the  roaring  of  the  plunging  forest  stream.  Now  [there] 
comes  a  barbed -wire  fence.  I  pass  along  its  side^  [for] 
a  short  distance  and  hunt  for  the  place  where  I  can  best 

1  Add  bat)in.  ^  Add  ^inauf. 

2  you,  bu;  also  in  the  following  lines.  *"'  23. 

3  as,  glcidjfam.  '  bnbiird). 

*  Another,  ^}2od)  ein.  "  /  mean,  bad  t)cifet. 

»  aloug  its  side,  baran  entlang. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  57 

crawl  through.     On  the  other  side,  whence  a  person*  may 

also  reach  my  favorite  spot,  [there]  is  no  barbed-wire  fence. 

But  the  way  I  have  just  come  pleases  me  better.     Now  once 

more-  I  force  myself  through  the  low  undergrowth  and  I  am 

5  there.     Xow  I  sit  again  in  my  favorite  spot,  where  I  have  so 

often  gazed  down  into  the  ravine,  where  the  forest  stream 

roars  and  foams,  and  the  spray  spurts  up  when^  the  water 

dashes  against  the  rocks. 

Adapted  from  „Xie  ^eimat." 

66.   A  Group  of  German  Poets 

Among  the   German  poets  that   arose^  during   Goethe's 

10  dechning  years,   the  voices  of  three   are  easily  discerned'^ 

above^  all  the  others  —  Chamisso,  Eichendorff,  and  Uhland. 

Chamisso 

Adelbert  von  Chamisso  (i 781-1838)  was  a  Frenchman 
by  birth;  but  w^hen  he  was  only"  nine  years  old,  his  family 
were  expelled   from  their  country,  and   their  estates  were 

15  confiscated.  They  went  to  Berlin,  ^^he^e  the  boy  became 
attached  to  the  land  of  his  adoption.  He  entered  the  Prus- 
sian army,  and  served  in  it  until  the  war  between  Germany 
and  France  broke  out;  then  he  resigned  his  commission,  be- 
cause he  did  not  wish  to  draw  his  sword  against  the  land 

20  of  his  birth. ^  From  now  on  he  devoted  much^  of  his  time 
to  the  study  of  the  natural  sciences.  While  visiting^^  at**  the 
country  seat  of  a  friend,  he  wrote,  for*-  his  own  diversion 
and    for*-    the    amusement   of    the    children,   his   romantic 

1  a  person,  man.  "  only,  er[t. 

-  once  more,  noc^  einmal.  » the  land  of  his  birth,  [ein  ©eburtölonb. 

3  atä  or  n)enn?  9  much,  einen  groBcn  Xdi. 

*  arise,  erftef)en.  10  39c. 

5  are  discerned,  finb  JU  unterfc^eiben.  "  at,  auf. 

6  above,  toon.  ^-for,  JU. 


58  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

story  Peter  Schlemihlj  which  at  once  made  him  renowned 
throughout  all  the  world. 

Peter  Schlemihl  sells  his  shadow  to  the  evil  one,  who 
appears  to  him  in  the  form  of  a  pleasant  old  man,  for  an 
5  inexhaustible  bag  of  gold.  But  with  this  his  peace  is  also 
gone;^  his  wealth  cannot  protect  him  from  the  scorn  and 
contempt  of  the  people,  who  will  have  nothing  to  do  with 
a  man  without  a  shadow.  He  can,  however,  regain-  pos- 
session of  his  lost  shadow  only  by  the  forfeiture  of  his  soul. 

lo  Eternal  salvation  is  of  greater  importance  to  him  than  his 
earthly  happiness,  so  he  throws  the  purse  away,  and  starts 
out  through  the  world.  By  mere  chance  he  finds  a  pair  of 
seven-league  boots,  by  the  magic  power  of  which^  he  travels 
from  place  to  place,  and  in  this  occupation  finds  peace  and 

15  satisfaction. 

The  book  was  at  once  translated  into  all  the  languages 
of  Europe,  and  numerous  conjectures  were  made  regarding 
the  meaning  of  the  shadow.  The  author  maintained  that 
it  had  no  special  meaning;  but  whether  he  was^  conscious  of 

20  it^  or  not,  he  gave  beautiful  poetic  expression  to  his  sadness 
at  having"  no  fatherland.  The  same  thought  is  found^  in 
the  poem  he  wrote^  when  he  was  almost  fifty  years  old, 
and  which  is  addressed  to  his  birthplace.  Castle  Boncourt, 
the   ancestral  home  of  his  family.     Like  the  hero  of  his 

25  story,  he  was  restless,  and  in  181 5  he  joined  an  expedition 
around  the  world.     During  the  three  years  consumed^  in'" 

1  gone,  ba^in. 
^Adddef.  art. 

3  of  which,  genitive  of  the  rel.  pron.,  which  place  between  by  and 

the  noun.  '  be  found,  [id;  [iubcil. 

'  Add  \[ä).  '  17. 

^  of  it,  bc[[en.  °  40a. 

«  at  having,  barüber,  ba^  cr  .  .  .  ^attc.             '"  in,  mit. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADV.ANCED  59 

scientific  investigations  in  the  various  quarters  of  the  globe 
he  came  to  think  more  and  more  of  Germany/  and  when 
he  returned,  he  became  a  German  through  and  through. 
The  University  of  Berlin  honored  him  by  granting  him^  the 
5  doctor's  degree,  and  he  was  appointed  director  of  the  botani- 
cal garden.  He  married  soon  afterwards,  and  found  in 
Berlin  a  happy  home,  and  full  recognition  as  [a]  German 
poet.  During  the  happy  days  of  his  home  life  he  composed 
a  remarkably  beautiful  group  of  poems  under  the  title  of 

10  Woman's  Love  and  Life.^  From  this  group  many  have  been 
set  to^  music,  and  several  have  been  beautifully  illustrated. 
In  his  Old  Washerwomun^  he  gives  a  touching  picture  from® 
the  life  of  the  common  people,  glorifying^  the  faithful  per- 
formance of  duty,  however  menial  it  [may]  be.    Chamisso's 

15  early  poems  were  in  harmony  with  the  Romantic  School;  but 
he  worked  his  way  out  of  the  vague  ideas  of  that  school  into* 
German  simplicity,  and  into^  real  depth  of  thought. 

Eichendorff 

Joseph  Freiherr  von  Eichendorff  (1788-185  7)  received 
his  early^  education  at^°  the  Cathohc  gymnasium  in  Breslau, 
20  and  studied  law  in  Halle,  where,  in  addition  to  his  profes- 
sional studies,  he  occupied  himself  much  with  poetry,  espe- 
cially that  of  the  Romantic  School.  At  Heidelberg,  where 
he  completed  his  law  studies,  he  associated  with  Clemens 
Brentano  and  Arnim,  the  leaders  of  the  younger  Roman- 

1  he  came  .  .  .  Germany,  gelangte  er  baju,  Ü^eutf erlaub  immer  f)ö^er  ju 
[(flauen. 

2  hy  granting  him,  h\xx6)  bie  S3er(ei^ung  (w.  gen.). 

3  Woman's  Love  and  Life,  „^rauen^^iebe  unb  ^eben." 
*  to,  in  (w.  acc), 

5  Old  Washerwoman,  „^ie  altC  SSajc^frau."  s  into,  gu. 

^from,  au«.  9  early,  crft. 

'  glorifying=in  which  he  glorifies.  10  at,  auf. 


6o  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

ticists,  and  the  editors  of  „T)eö  Knaben  3Bunber^orn/'  a 
collection  of  German  folk  songs;  here  also  he  published 
his  first  poems.  After  his  university  days^  were  over,  he 
retired  to  his  father's  home,  and  there  assisted  in  the  man- 
5  agemcnt  of  the  large  estate.  During  this  quiet  time  orig- 
inated many  of  the  beautiful  songs  that  are  called  ''the 
ripest  and  most  beautiful  fruit  of  Romanticism."  Among 
these  are  many  that  have  become  real  folk  songs,  so  popu- 
lar that  many  who  sing  them  have  never  heard  of  their 

lo  author. 

In  1813,  after  he  had  decided  to  enter  the  service  of  the 
Austrian  government  and  had  just  passed  the  necessary 
examinations  with  great  success,  the  call  of  the  King  of 
Prussia  for  volunteers^  reached  him,  and  he   at  once  re- 

15  sponded  to  it.  He  was  in  the  army  during  the  entire  War 
of  Liberation,  and  his  patriotic  songs  written  at  this  time 
belong  to  the  best  in  the  German  language.  After  the  war, 
in  18 16,  he  exchanged  the  military  service  for  the  Prussian 
civil  service,  and  gradually  rose  to  high  and  honorable  posi- 

20  tions.  From  183 1  to*  1844  he  was  stationed  in  Berlin,  the 
capital  of  Prussia;  in  1844  he  left  the  public  service  and, 
until  his  death  in  1857,  hved  either  in  Berlin,  or  in  Vienna, 
or  on  his  estate  in  Moravia. 

During  all  his  professional  life  he  was  constantly  engaged 

25  in  literary  work,  and  besides  his  poetry^  he  has  written 
numerous  excellent  stories,  among  which  the  truly  romantic 
novel  Experiences  from  the  Life  of  a  Good-for-Nothing^  is 
the  best  known.     In  spite  of  its  improbable  adventures,  this 

*  university  days,  bic  Uniöcrfitätöjcit. 

2  in,  bei. 

3  call  for  volunteers,  ber  ^reimiKigcn^Slufruf.     ■*  to,  bt?. 
^  poetry=poefns. 

«  Experiences  .  .  .  Good-f or- Nothing,  „5Iuö  bcm  ?cbcn  cilU'\3  XaUQCmd^td." 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  6 1 

Story,   with   its  light-hearted,   singing,   dreaming,    musicaP 
hero,  has  remained  and  will  remain  a  favorite.- 

The  hero  is  a  miller's  son  who,  with  his  fiddle,  starts  out 
into  the  world.  Two  ladies  whom  he  meets  by  chance  are 
5  so  delighted  with  his  music^  that  they  take  him  with  [them] 
to  their  castle.  Through  their  influence  he  is  first  made 
gardener,'*  and  then^  taxgatherer;  but  he  is  not  satisfied  with 
his  lot;  only  one  thing®  holds  him,  his  love  for  the  young 
countess,  however  hopeless  it  may  be.     When  he  finally  sees 

lo  her  in  the  company  of  a  man  whom  he  takes  to  be^  her  be- 
trothed he  gives  up  his  position  and  travels  farther  into  the 
world.^  After  many  adventures  in  Italy  and  other  lands, 
he  returns,  and  learns  that  his  loved  one  is  not  a  countess 
at  all,^  but  the  daughter  of  the  old  gate  keeper,  and,  further- 

15  more,  that  she  loves  no  one  so  much^^  as  her  Good-for- 
Nothing.  They  are  married  and  live  in  a  little  castle  with  a 
garden  and  vineyard  which  the  count  gives  them. 

Uhland 

Ludwig  Uhland  was  born  in  Tübingen  in  1787,  and  died 

in  the  same  city  in  1862.     His  grandfather  had  been  professor 

20  of  theology,  and  his  father  was  university  secretary;  he  was 

very  thoroughly  prepared  at^^  the  Latin  School,  and  entered 

the  University  at^-  the  age  of  fifteen  years  to^^  study  law.    He 

1  musical,  geigcnb. 

2  has  .  .  .favorite=has  remained  a  favorite  and  will  remain  it. 

3  music,  boa  ©eigenfpiel. 

*  gardener,  jum  ©ärtner. 

5  Add  jum. 

6  one  thing,  eitlö.  "  at,  auf. 

•  take  to  he,  für  .  .  .  polten.  12  at,  in. 

8  Add  fjinauö.  ^3  to=in  order  to. 

^.nota  .  .  .at  all,  gar  feilte  .  . . 
10  much,  fe^r. 


62  GERM.\N   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

took  a  far  livelier  interest/  however,  in  the  study  of  philology, 
especially  the  early  German.-  His  circle  of  friends  at  the  Uni- 
versity was  of  great  importance;  among  them  was  Justinus 
Kerner,  whose  friendship  he  enjoyed^  [for]  nearly  sixty  years. 
5  In  1810  he  passed  his  examinations  with  high  honor,  re- 
ceived the  degree  of^  Doctor  of  Laws,  and  a  career  in  the 
legal  profession  stood  open  to  him.  But  his  heart  was  de- 
voted to  poetry.  He  went  to  Paris,  and  there  studied  the 
old  French  and  German  manuscripts,  instead  of  the  French 

10  law,  as  his  father  had  wished  [him  to  do]. 

In  181 2  he  went  to  Stuttgart,  soon  entered  the  field  of 
poHtics,  and  became  the  leader  of  the  party  that  for  several 
years  fought  strongly  against  the  constitution  offered^  by 
the  King  of  Würtemberg.     When  he  was  not  occupied  with 

15  governmental  work,  he  was  always  busy  with  his  studies  in 
language  and  literature,  which  he  regarded  as  his  life  work. 
In  1830  he  was  appointed  professor  of  the  German  language 
and  literature  at  the  University  [of]  Tübingen.  He  was 
warmly  received  by  the  students,  and  his  rich  store  of  knowl- 

20  edge  made  his  lectures  on^  German  poetry  of  the  fuddle 
Ages  very  attractive.  He  was  delighted  with  his  new  occu- 
pation, but  remained  in  it^  only  three  years,  as  he  was  once 
more  elected  to  the  assembly.  Six  years  he  devoted  himself 
to  this  task,  and  then  refused  reelection.®     He  returned  to 

25  Tübingen  and  occupied  himself  entirely  with  his  literary 
work.  His  collection  of  German  folk  songs,  which  even 
to-day  is  regarded  as  a  masterly  work,  caused  him  to^  make 

'  He  took  .  .  .  interest,  @r  fanb  öiel  grö^creö  ©efallcn  (in,  an  w.  dat.). 

2  early  German,  altbcutfc^. 

3  enjoy,  befi^cn. 

"  of,  atg.  7  in  it,  babci. 

"40a.  8  Add  dcf.  art. 

0  on,  über  (w.  ace).  "  caused  him  to,  Dcranlafjtc  c^,  bafj  .  .  . 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  63 

journeys  to  the  north  and  south;  and  in  all  the  large  cities 
he  was  received  with  marks  of  great  esteem  and  honor. 
But  once  more  he  participated  in  politics  as  a  member  of 
the  Frankfort^  Parliament  of  sorry  memory.^ 
5  After  returning^  home,  he  lived  in  quiet  retirement,  and 
devoted  himself  to  his  family  and  literary  work.  He  was 
strong  and  active  until  a  cold,  which  he  caught  while  attend- 
ing^ the  funeral  of  his  old  friend  Kerner,  developed  into^  a 
sickness  that  carried  him  away.     A  bust  of  heroic  size  in  one 

10  of  the  parks  of  Stuttgart  and  a  statue  in  the  park  at  Tübingen 
have  been  erected  to  his  memory. 

His  songs  are  all  marked  by  simplicity  and  truthfulness, 
and  they  are  so  melodious  and  so  musical  that  many  of  them, 
notably  The  Landlady's  Daughter'^  and  The  Good  Comrade^ 

15  have  become  true  folk  songs.     The  fundamental  thought  in 

them  is  always  [one  of]  earnest  morality  and  simple  piety, 

and  many  of  them  contain  a  vein  of®  fine  and  sound  humor. 

In  his  ballads  and  romances  he  produced  incomparable 

works.     To  the  heroes  of  former  days  he  has  given  new  life 

20  and  attractiveness.  Among  the  best  may  be  mentioned: 
The  Castle  by  the  Sea,''  The  Luck  of  Edenhall,  which  Long- 
fellow translated,  The  Golds^nitW s  Daughter,^  Roland  Shield- 
hearer,^  The  Black  Knight,  and,  probably  the  best  of  all,  The 
MinstreVs  Curse, ^^  which  made  great  commotion  in  Germany 

25  when  it  first  appeared,  because  the  bloody  king  was  sup- 
posed to  represent  Napoleon.  It  is  an  excellent  tribute  to  the 
power  and  value  of  song.     In  the  drama,  also,  ühland  has 

1  Frankfort,  ^^ratiffurter. 

2  of  sorry  me^nory,  traurigen  Hngebetifen^. 

339c.  7  ^^T)aö  Schloß  am  9D?eer." 

*  into,  5u.  s  ^^T)eg  @oIb[c^mieb^  löc^terlein." 

e  „"^tx  SBirtin  Jöd^terlcin."  » „9?oIanb  2c{)ilbträger." 

«  of,  genitive.  10  „3)eä  Süngerö  jVlud^." 


64  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

done  work  of  real  merit.  ^  Besides  several  incomplete  drafts, 
we  have  two  complete  dramas,  —  Ernst,  Duke  of  Swabia,- 
which  treats  of  an  old  legend  frequently  used^  in  literature, 
and  Ludwig  the  Bavarian,^  which   treats  of   the   struggle 

S  between  Louis  of  Bavaria  and  Frederick  the  Handsome^  of 
Austria,  both  rivals  for  the  German  crown,  and  of  their 
reconciliation.  German  loyalty  is  the  theme  of  both  dramas: 
in  the  first  it  is  faithfulness  to  a  friend,  while  in  the  second 
it  is  the  faithful  keeping  of  a  promise.     Although  some  por- 

10  tions  of  these  dramas  are  of^  [an]  epic  nature,  they  are  yet 
capable  of^  being  well  represented. 

^  0  1  R.  W.  Moore. 

67.   The  Margrave  of  Brandenburg 

The  twelfth  [of]  June  of  the  year  1157  set  in  wuth  fine 
summer  weather.  In  the  evening  of  the  previous  day  several 
severe   thunderstorms   had  sent  down  hard  showers  upon 

15  the  country  along*  the  Spree,  but  now  nature  appeared^ 
everywhere  in  lovely  freshness,  and  all  creatures  seemed  to 
be  awakened  to  a  busy  life  earher  than  usually.  Out  of  the 
reeds  by  the  shore  the  reed  sparrow  incessantly  sounded'" 
his    monotonous    cry.      Wild     ducks,    cackling' '    compla- 

20  cently,  led  their  young  ones  through  the  shallower  places 
of  the  river,  and  trained  them  in  diving  and  swimming. 
Flocks  of  herons,  with  loud  croaking,  came  sailing  along' - 

1  has  .  .  .  merit,  ^at  \mxKid)  55crbien[tlic^eö  geleiftet. 

2  „(Srnft,  ^crjog  üon  Sc^maben." 
340a. 

"  „Subnjig  ber  33at)cr. " 

6  Frederick  the  Handsome,  ^riebric^  bet  <Sd^önc. 

6  of,  genitive. 

7  be  capable  of,  fönucu,  with  following  infinitive. 

8  along,  an  (w.  dat.). 

f  appear,  [id)  scigcu.  "  38a- 

'"  sound,  crfcfjnKcii  laffcn.  »'-  sailing  along,  ()crgcflogcn. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  65 

from  the  somber  forests  by  the  Miiggel  Lake,  and  aHghted  in 
the  marshes  which  surrounded  the  sluggishly  flowing  river 
on  all  sides.  In  the  bushes  and  the  tree  tops  of  the  neigh- 
boring forests  many  birds  sang;  occasionally  the  gentle 
5  whistling  of  the  nightingale  or  the  roguish  cry  of  the 
cuckoo  was  heard.  ^  Numerous  water  lilies,  buttercups, 
and  other  plants  lifted  their  newly  opened^  buds  toward 
the  sun,  which  was  triumphantly  scattering  the  veil  of  fog 
and  began  to  transfigure  the  landscape  with  his  soft  rays. 

10  This  picture  of  summer^  life  seemed  to  invite  human- 
kind also  to  share  in  the  general  enjoyment.  But  for  a 
long  time^  nobody  stirred  in  the  farmyards  of  Kölln.  To 
be  sure,  [there]  lay  the  log  huts  in  the  midst  of  their  small 
fields,  scattered,  as  formerly,  over  the  southern  portion  of 

15  the  river  island;  but  on  a  low  knoll  near  by  a  pile  of  ruins 
rose,  a  weird  sight,  among  them  partially  burned^  beams 
and  boards,  evidently  the  remains  of  a  building  w^hich 
had  become  the  prey  of  the  flames.  Had  this  fishermen's 
village  been  visited  by  robbers,  and  thereupon  abandoned 

20  by  its  inhabitants?  The  intact  outward  appearance  of 
the  huts  contradicted  it.  Besides,  some  signs  of  life  soon 
became  noticeable  here  and  there  within  the  farmyards. 
The  bellowing  of  a  cow  resounded  from  (the)  one;  the  head 
of  an  inquisitive  dog  showed  itself  in  the  gatew^ay  of  another. 

25  Presently  a  man  appeared  in  the  low  door  of  his  cottage. 
It  was  Nako,  the  Wendish  fisherman. 

A  dark  shadow  lay  on  the  countenance  of  the  man,  not  at 
all  in  accordance  with  the  serene  summer  morning.  Slowly 
he  advanced  from  his  hut  to  the  pile  of  ruins,  examined  it 

1  be  heard,  fic^  ^ören  taffen.  3  of,  genitive;  summer,  [ommerlid^. 

2  newly  opened,  fn[d^erfcf)Ioffen.         ^  for  .  .  .  time,  lange. 

5  partially  burned,  l^alboerfo^U. 


66  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

with  sullen  mien,  and  muttered  some  unintelligible  words. 
Then  he  began  to  rake  apart  the  blackened  beams  with 
the  help  of  his  fishing  spear.  Suddenly  his  eyes  brightened. 
From  among  the  ruins  he  drew  forth  an  object  which  evi- 

5  dently  caused^  him  an  agreeable  surprise.  This  consisted 
of  two  sticks^  joined  together  crosswise,  and  something  glit- 
tered peculiarly  from  among  the  ashes  and  the  enveloping 
coal  soot.  As  he  shook  and  cleaned  the  object,  [there] 
appeared  the  image  of  the  crucified  one,  rudely  wrought,^ 

lo  the  sublime  symbol  of  the  Christian  faith.  To  be  sure,  it 
had  suffered  in  the^  fire;  however,  the  outward  structure 
was  yet  firm,  the  figure  still  distinguishable. 

"The  bell  has  been  carried  off  by  those  fools  and  perhaps 
thrown  somewhere  into  the  swamp,"  Nako  said,  "for  they 

15  fear  its^  sound  most  of  all,  but  they  did  not  think  of  the 
Christian  God,  who  certainly^  is  the  chief  thing.  May  be^ 
they  were  afraid  to  touch  him,  and  imagined  it  would  be 
sufficient  to  throw  in  the  fire-brand.  Oh,  not  even  the 
flames   can   hurt    this    God,  who    is    able    to    subdue   the 

20  triple-headed  Triglav  and  all  the  other  gods  of  our  [own] 
people." 

And  he  set  up  the  crucifix  against^  a  nearby  oak,  folded 
his  hands  and  moved  his  lips  in^  prayer.  After  that  he 
meditated  [for]  a  moment. 

25  "The  chapel,"  he  said,  "which  the  monks  had  dedicated 
to  St.^^  Peter,  the  patron  of  the  fisherman,  has  been  destroyed 
by  Jaczo's  savage  hosts,  but  it  will  not'^  avail  them.     The 

1  cause,  bereiten.  "  certainly,  hod). 

»  stick,  bog  .^olj  (^er).  ^  May  be,  ^ann  [ein,  ba&  .  .  . 

3  40a.  *  against,  an. 

*  in  the,  üom.  ^  in,  311m. 

618.  '0  St.,  eanft. 

"  not,  nicftt«. 


INTERMEDIATE    AND   ADVANCED  67 

expelled  monks  will  soon  return  and  rebuild  the  sanctuary; 
up  to  that  time^  I  will  preserve  their  God.  For  did  he  not 
protect^  me,  so  that  the  heathen  spared^  my  farm  and  did 
not  carry  off^  my  property?" 
5  He  was  just  about  to  carry  the  cross  away,  when  another 
man  approached  from  the  adjoining  farm. 

"What  do  I  see,  Nako?     Is  that  not  the  crucified  God  of^ 
the  burned  chapel?" 

''It  is  he,"  the  former  replied,  "and  do  you*  know  that 
10  this   God  died^  for  mankind  on  the  cross,  and  afterward 
rose^  again?" 

"I  know  it,  Nako,  for  Wigbert,  the  good  monk,  who  built- 
the  chapel  and  baptized^  us  all  and  made^  us  Christians,'^ 
often  told  of  it  .  .  ." 
15  "Therefore,  Bolibut,  he  rose^  from^  the  fire,  too.  It  is 
a  wonderful  thing, ^  this  Christianity,  and  [the  fact]  that  our 
fellow-countrymen  from  the  other  side,*  who  are  Jaczo's 
adherents  and  cling  to  the  old  gods,  have  burned  down  the 
chapel,  cannot  make  me  falter  in  my  good  opinion  of  the 
20  foreign  faith." 

Bolibut  gazed  upon  the  crucifix  w^ith  superstitious  awT. 
"It   certainly   is   surprising    that    here    the   flames   were 
unable  to  harm  the  God  ....  But  yonder,  in  Brennaburg, 
matters  surely  are  going  wrong  with^  the  new^  religion." 

^  up  .  .  .  time,  bio  ba^in. 

2  Perfect. 

3  of,  au^. 

*  you,  bu,  which  should  be  employed  throughout  this  story;  il^r  in  the 
plural  for  you. 

5  Christians,  ju  G^ri[ten. 

^  from,  auä. 

7  a  wonderful  thing,  cthjag  SBunberbarc^. 

^  from  .  .  .  side,  Don  brüben. 

9  matters  .  .  .  with,  eö  [tef)t  übet  um  .  .  . 


68  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

"Have  you  learned  [any]  bad  news^  from  there?"  Nako 
interrupted  him. 

''Prince  Jaczo  is  gaining  the  upper  hand  entirely;  he  has 
expelled  the  monks,  closed  the  church  of  St.^  Godehard  at 
5  Parduin,  has  had   the  bells  taken  down,  and  manned   the 
castle  so  strongly  that  it  cannot  be  taken  again." 

Nako  made  a  wry  face^  and  laughed.     "Do  you  really 
beheve,  Bolibut,  that  the  Prince  of  Köpnik  will  hold^  the 
field  ?  ...  If  he  has  captured  the  Brennaburg,  and  prevailed 
lo  here  and  in  Heveldun  over  the  Christian  God  and  his  monks, 
I^  tell  you  it  could  only  happen  because  the  mighty  ^lar- 
grave  whom  they^  call  'The  Bear,'  w^as  not  at  home.    Prince 
Jaczo  has  made  use  of  this  opportunity,  and  Wends  who 
bore  the  Germans  a  grudge,  and  were  in  secret  still  attached 
15  to  Triglav,  were  found  wiUing  to  open  the  gates  of  Brenna- 
burg to  the  master  of  Köpnik.     But  now  'The  Bear'  has 
returned  from  distant  lands  and  is  encamped  in  front  of 
Brennaburg  together  with  the  Bishop  of  Alagdcburg  .  .  ." 
"That  is  all  very  true,"^  Bolibut  broke  in,  "but  being  en- 
20  camped^  and  capturing^  the  fortress  are  two  different  things." 
"I  do  not  beheve  that  Jaczo  can  long  resist  the  Germans." 
"Do  not  think  so  meanly  of'  the  Prince  of  Köpnik!     Did 
he  not,  two  years  ago,  annihilated^  a  large  body  of  the  Mar- 
grave's adherents  ?"^^ 

1  Plural. 

^St.,  eanft. 

3  make  a  wry  face,  boö  @c[i(^t  öcrjicl^cn. 

*  hold,  bcfjauptcn. 
ß  Add  fo;  47. 

ß  they,  man. 

7  all  very  true,  \(x  JüO^I  rid)tig. 

*  being  encamped  and  capturing  render  by  infinitives. 

^  of,  Don.  "  the  Margrave's  adherents,  bic 

10  Perfect.  DJIarfgrnflic^en. 


INTERMEDIATE  AND  ADVANCED  69 

"You  arc  thinking  of  the  Count  of  Plötzkau,  arc  you 
not?-  Well,  to  be  sure/  he  allowed^  himself,  with  his  men, 
to  be  enticed  into  an  ambush,  and  none  of  them  escaped,  — ■ 
but  the  Margrave  soon  afterward  avenged  himself  thoroughly 
5  on  the  Prince  of  Köpnik.  Where  'The  Bear'  himself  is  on 
the  spot,  the  Wends  will  hardly  have  [good]  luck." 

Bolibut,  however,  could  not  be  convinced.^     "After  what^ 
I  have  learned,  I  am  of^  [a]  different  opinion." 

Nako  looked  at  him  expectantly.    "  So  you  have  received 
10  information  of  which  I  do  not  know?" 

"  To  be  sure,  it  dates  from  yesterday  morning,  but  it  was 
very  unfavorable  to  the  Margrave.  His  own  nephew  per- 
ished® with  many  men,  and  the  assault  of  the  Germans 
was  beaten  off  by  Jaczo.  The  man  who  brought  me  this 
15  news  is  reliable  and  one  of  my  kinsfolk;  he  passed  through 
on  his  way  to  Köpnik." 

Xako's  countenance  had  darkened.  "I  might  not  object^ 
to  Jaczo's  rule,  it  might  even  please  me  better^*^  than  any 
other;  but  if  he  fancies  himself  able  to  drive  out  the  Christian 
20  God,  he  is  foolish,  and  if  he  persecutes  us  who^^  have  sub- 
mitted to  the  cross,  he  does  a  wrong  which  will  not  benefit 
him  .  .  .  Therefore  the  people^-  must  pray  to  the  Christian 
God  to  assist^^  'The   Bear'  to^^  victory,  and   to  this  end 

1  think  of,  meinen.  ^-  the  people,  man. 

2  are  you  not?  nic^t  rta^r?  "  assist,  Derfielfen;  render  inf.  by  a 

3  Well,  to  be  sure,  9^un  ja.  clause  with  baß  and  pres.  subj. 

4  allow,  laffen  (ie,  a),  with  active  infinitive;  34.  ^*  to,  gum. 

5  could  .  .  .  convinced,  ließ  [ic^  nic^t  irre  macfjen. 

6  After  what  =  After  that  which. 

7  of,  genitive. 

8  Perfect. 

8  I  might  not  object  render  by  pret.  subj.  of  object. 
10  it .  .  .  better,  fie  märe  mir  lieber. 
"  Add  mir. 


70  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

I  shall  carry  this  image,  which  was  victorious  in  the  fire, 
into  my  courtyard." 

"Should  it  prove  effective  with^  you,  neighbor  —  I  know 
that  the  Christian  God  may^  perform  miracles  —  permit^ 
5  me,  in  case  I  am  in  need  of  it,  to  come'*  to  you  and 
implore  the  crucified  one  for  help." 

Nako  nodded  assent,  took  up  the  cross  and  carried 
it  into  his  courtyard.  There  he  was  met  by  his  wife.^ 
She  was  dressed  poorly,  but  neatly,  and  held  a  child  on 
lo  her  arm. 

*'Nako,  what^  curious  thing  are  you  bringing  in  there?" 

"Marinka,  you  have  been  baptized  as  I  [have],  you  bear 
a  Christian  name,  too,  —  and  you  do  not  perceive  that  I 
am  bringing  to  the  house  the  Christian  God  himself  whom 
15  Wigbert,  the  pious  monk,  had  erected  in  the  chapel?" 

"Why,  what  do  you  say,  Nako,  —  him^  with  the  sad  face, 
who  was  suspended  on  the  cross  ?  .  .  .  How  is  it  possible  — 
the  church  was^  burned  by  Jaczo's  men,  was  it  not?"^ 

The  fisherman  had  placed  the  cross  against  the  wall,  and 
20  his  wife  had  quickly  stepped  in  front  of  it. 

"Now,  do  look,"^^  Nako  said,  "whether  you  do  not  recog- 
nize him." 

"Indeed,  he  has  withstood  the  fire!"  the  Wendish  woman 
exclaimed  joyfully. 

1  with,  bei. 

2  may,  fönncn. 

3  Add  [0  before  permit. 

*  to  come=that  I  may  come,  etc. 

s  There  his  wife  met  him;  meet,  cntgcgcu^fommcn  (w.  dat.). 

0  what,  nja^  für  ein. 

7  him,  ben. 

8  Perfect. 

0  %vas  it  not?  borf),  which  place  immediately  after  the  aux.  verb. 
1"  do  look,  \A)aW  borf)! 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  7I 

"And  has  risen  from  death,  as  the  monks  proclaimed  on 
his  great  feast  day,  at^  Easter,"  the  fisherman  added. 

''It  is  a  treasure,"  Marinka  cried,  'Svhich  we  must  keep 
carefully;  he  can  protect  us  against  dangers." 
5  With-  delight  her  eyes  rested  on  the  crucifix;  then  Nako 
lifted  it  again  and  carried  it  into  the  interior  of  the  hut. 
There  he  selected  a  room  which  did  not  serve  for  daily  use 
and  contained  only  a  few  objects.  It  had  a  window-opening 
closed^  by  a  wooden  shutter.  The  fisherman  pushed  the 
10  latter  aside,  and  in  the  bright  daylight  he  descried  a  suitable 
spot  for  his  treasure. 

''There  now,-*  here  the  Christian  God  wiU  remain^  safe  and 
secure,"  he  then  said  with  satisfaction,  "and  now,  Marinka, 
guard  him  and  do  not  speak  about  it^  to  others,  for  not  all, 
15  you  know,^  think  as  we  [do].  Bolibut,  it  is  true,  saw  that 
I  found  the  holy  cross,  but  he,  likewise,  has  received  baptism 
and  will  not  betray  us." 

The  sun  had  risen  higher,  when  Nako  walked  out  of  the 
yard   again   in   company  with*  his  assistant.     This  youth, 

20  who  had  lent  him  a  hand  at  his  trade  for  many  years,  had 
meanwhile  grown  up  into  a^  strong  man.  His  sinewy  Hmbs 
and  heavy  fists  bore  witness  of  hard  work;  in  his  expansive 
countenance  [there]  shone^^  two  small  eyes  which  indicated 
good  nature  and,  at  the  same  time,  that  cunning  charac- 

25  teristic^^  of  the  Wendish  race. 

"I  am  glad  that  you  are  going  to  fish  again,"  he  spoke  to 
Nako,  "  for  we  have  not  been  on  the  waters  of  the  Spree  for  a 

'  at,  ju.  *  There  7WU',  2o.  "  Add  eä  ja. 

2  With,  5>olI.  5  remain,  [te^n.  ^  Genitive. 

3  40a.  6  about  it,  bariibcr.  ^  into  a,  jum. 

^° shine,  leud^tcn.  "  Arrange:  that  to  (dat.)  the  Wendish 

race  characteristic  cunning. 


72 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


I 


long  while,  —  but  you  certainly^  know  that  your  farm  will 
not  be  secure  against  danger  until  Jaczo  has  been  forced  to 
surrender  Brennaburg,  of  which  there  is  yet  no  thought.  "- 
"Never  mind,  Kizo,"  Nako  replied,  ''Prince  Jaczo,  no 
5  doubt,  is  hostile   to   the   Germans,  and   more   still  to  the 
Christian  God;  but   he   does  no  harm^  to   us  Wends;   he 
showed   that  when  he  had^  St.  Peter's  chapel  destroyed, 
but  spared  our  farm,  though  neither  of  us  was  at  home 
for^  its^  protection." 
lo      "Perhaps  he  only  wanted  to  make  us  [feel]  secure,  and 
will  fall  upon  us  later  when  he  is  through  with  the  Mar- 
grave." 

Nako   shook   his   head.     "Kizo,    the   Margrave   will   be 
through   with   him  —  and   [that]    soon;   believe   me  —  thus 
15  matters  stand." 

The  assistant  continued^  apprehensive.  "So  much  the 
worse.^  Then  he  will  vent  his  anger  on  those  who  prayed 
to  the  Christian  God  for  the  Margrave's  success."^ 

"Would  he  do  that?"  the  fisherman  said  meditatively  — 

20  "who  should  betray  us?     No,  no,  Kizo.     When  the  brave 

Bear  takes  Brennaburg  again  from  Jaczo,  he  will  rush  after 

the  fugitive  like  yesterday's^'^  storm,  and  then  he  will  bring 

help  and  deliverance  to  us  also." 

He  spoke  these  words  full  [of]  confidence,  and  untied  his 
25  boat  from  the  stake. 

Then  they  went  to  work^^  in  silence,  as  before.     Many 

1  certainly,  boc^. 

2  of  which  .  .  .  thought,  inoran  noc^  lange  nirfjt  ju  bcnfcn  ift. 

3  no  harm,  md)t^  23ö[c8. 

4  34,  8  5o  .  .  .  worse,  Um  [o  [c^Ummcr. 
^for,  ju.                                                      "  success,  bcr  5icg. 

e  18.  '"  yesterday's,  biT  gcftrigc. 

7  continue,  bleiben.  "  to  work,  nn  bic  Vllbcit. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  73 

fish  (es)  allured  to^  the  surface  of  the  water  by  the  warm 
sunshine  were  caught  in  the  meshes  of  the  net,  and  gradu- 
ally filled  the  receptacle  in  the  boat.  Thus  they  slowly 
approached,  as  formerly,  the  shore  of  the  town^  of  Berlin. 
5  Presently  Nako  stopped  [for]  a  moment,  wiped  the  perspira- 
tion from  his^  brow,  and  gazed  across.  There  sat  the  Wend 
Niclot  on  the  stump  of  a  willow  tree,  supporting  his  head 
in  his  hands.  Less  than  formerly  Nako  had,  of  late,  met 
this  inhabitant  of  Berlin,^  who  was  still  moving  along  in  the 

10  old  tracks  which  he  himself  had  left.  To  day,  however,  he 
felt  impelled  to  talk  again  with  the  peasant  who  gazed  so 
pensively  into  the  river. 

''What  are  you  doing  there?"  he  called  out  to  him. 
''Are  you  watching  where  the  wild  ducks  have  their  nests, 

15  or  are  you  planning  to  take  up  the  fisherman's  trade, 
too?" 

Niclot  looked  up.  "I  do  not  intend  to  vie  with  you  in  the 
fishing  trade,"  he  retorted  sullenly,  "there  are^  enough  other 
matters  racking®  my  brain.     You,  of  course,  are  not  dis- 

20  turbed  by  them."  He  had  risen  and  was  about  to  walk 
away. 

"I  should  be  sorry  if  you  wxre  not  getting  along  well," 
Nako  resumed.  "It  was  a  great  joy  to  you,  lately,  when 
Jaczo  of  Köpnik  became  master  of  Brennaburg,  was  it  not?"^ 

25  Niclot's  countenance  had  become  still  darker.  "I  think 
you  wish  to  scoff  at  me,"  he  said  grufBy  —  "for  who 
does  not  know  that  you  side  with  the  Margrave,  and 
now  are  one  of  the  most  zealous  among  the  adherents  of 
the  Christian  God?" 

» 40a;  to,  an  (w.  ace).  ^  inhabitant  of  Berlin,  ber  33erliner. 

2  the  town,  ber  Rieden.  ^  there  are,  icf)  ^nbc. 

3  23.  639b. 

7  was  it  not?  m6)i  lüQ^r? 


74 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


''If  I  were/  neighbor,"  —  the  fisherman  replied  bravely  — 
"  it  ought  surely  not  to  break  up  our  old  friendship,  —  and 
I  cannot  understand  at  all  which  of  my  words  can  have 
displeased  you." 
5  The  peasant  appeared  to  become  more  friendly.  "Do 
you  not  know  the  latest  news  from  Brcnnaburg?" 

Nako  looked  at  him  with   keen  anxiety.     "Kizo  and  I 
know  that  'The   Bear's'  own  nephew  with  many  warriors 
perished  while    attacking    the    castle;    matters   were    going 
lo  wrong,  then,  with-  the  Margrave's  cause." 

"If  matters^  had'*  only  taken  this  course!"  the  peasant 
exclaimed  vehemently.  —  "But  the  Germans  were  far  supe- 
rior in  numbers,  besides  the  Margrave,  the  Bishop  of 
Magdeburg,  and  many  knights  from  the  districts  of  the 
15  Saxons  and  from  more  remote  lands,  with  armed  men;  — 
Jaczo  should  have  provided  himself,  likewise,  with  more 
aUies." 

"And  what  has  happened,  pray?"^ 

"What   else   but''   that    Prince   Albrecht    yesterday   took 
20  Brennaburg   again  by   storm^   .    .    .    Even   before   dawn   a 
few  fugitives  passed  through  here  and  announced  the  sad 
news." 

Involuntarily  Nako  folded  his  hands  as  if  he  would 
thank  the  Christian  God  for  this  news.  After  a  pause  he 
25  said  to  Niclot:  "Neighbor,  it  is  as  I  have  already  told 
you;  the  crucified  one  is  mightier  than  all  [the]  gods  of  our 
fathers  together.  As  long  as  no  adversary  arose  against  the 
latter,  they  were  all-powerful  in  this  land;  but  when  the 

»  Add  Co  or  baö. 

2  matters  .  .  .  luith,  CO  [tQiib  q([o  ungiiiiftici  urn  .  .  . 

3  matters,  Co.  ^  pray,  bcnn. 
*  29.  fi  hut,  nlö. 

7  take  hy  storm,  crftilrmoil. 


INTERMEDIATh:    AND    ADVANCED  75 

Christian  (}od  appeared,  had  churches  built  and  pealing 
bells  put  up  for  himself,  they  suddenly  became  weak  and 
powerless.  If  thus  our  fathers  worshiped  the  old  gods  and 
fared  well  thereby,  nothing  else  is  left  to  us  but  to  follow 
5  the  triumphant  Christian  God,  because  otherwise  we  shall 
perish  through  him  Hke  our  gods." 

Niclot  manifested  a  desire^  to  contradict  these  words,  but 
he  gave  it  up.     ''We  shall  see  certainly-  what  will  happen 
further,"  he  said  gloomily,  and   turned  homeward  to^  the 
10  town  of  Berlin. 

Nako,  likewise,  guided  his  boat  away  from  the  shore 
again.  ''This  news  is  important,"  he  said  to  Kizo,  "let  us 
hasten  back  to  Kölln;  besides,  we  have  made  a  catch  which 
will  suffice  for  several  days." 
15  Yet,  before  they  reached  their  landing  place  again,  a  small 
troop  of  Wendish  warriors  had  appeared  at  the  river  above ^ 
the  inlet,  and  their  leader  was  motioning  to  the  fishermen. 

"It  is  one  of  the  confidants  of  Prince   Jaczo"  —  Kizo 
whispered,  "and  no  one  can  be  more  ill-disposed  to  the 
20  Christians  than  he." 

"Shall  we  leave  him  unnoticed?"  Nako  replied  softly. 
"It  would  expose  us  to  great  danger,  for  who  knows  when 
the  Margrave  is  coming  here?" 

"It  will  require^  great  caution,"  the  servant  warned  [him] 
25  once  more;  in  the  meanw^hile,  however,  he  had  turned  the 
vessel  with  his  strong  arm,  and  after  a  few  moments  they 
put  to  shore  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  fugitives. 

"You  were  really  only  to  take  us  across  to  the  Berlin^ 
shore,"  the  Wendish  commander  said  with  gruff  voice,  "but 

»  manifested  a  desire,  fi^icn  ...  511  iDoUcn.       *  above,  oberfjalb  (gen.). 

2  certainly,  \a.  s  require,  bcbiirfcn  (\v.  gen.). 

5  to,  ivi,  which  place  after  its  object.  ^  Berlin,  Söerliner. 


yö  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

as  you  have  good  food,  you  may  cook  us  a  meal  at  once,  for 
we  have  not  tasted  anything  since  yesterday  evening." 

Nako  hesitated  to  comply  with  the  demand,  for  it  did  not 
please  him  that  he  should  sacrifice  the  results'  of  his  labor, 
5  without  receiving-  in  return  a  word  of  thanks,  to  say  nothing 
of^  pay.  Then  the  Wendish  warrior  raised  his  spear  threaten- 
ingly and  cried:  "If  you  do  not  obey  at  once,  you  shall  suffer 
for  it."^ 

Nako's  resistance  was  broken.     Obediently  he  took  the 
lo  fugitive  warriors  of  Jaczo  across  to  KöUn,  carried,  with  his 
companion,  the  fish  (es)  to  his  yard,  and  there  offered  the 
warriors  a  draught  of  mead. 

"For  the  present,  take  this,"  he  said,  "until  my  wife  has 
cooked  the  fish  (es)." 
15  While  the  Wends  were  sipping  the  honey- wine,  he  hurried 
to  take  word  to  his  wife.  He  himself  and  Kizo  helped 
Marinka  to  prepare  the  meal.  After  a  short  while,  Nako 
brought  the  fish  dinner  in  a  large  dish  and  said:  "Now  you 
may  satisfy  your  hunger,  and  nobody  will  disturb  you  at  it,^ 
20  for,  I  think,  you  have  been  on  troublesome  roads." 

"  How  do  you  know  (it)?  "  the  leader  asked,  casting®  a  search- 
ing glance  at  Nako.  "I  only  learned^  that  your  chief  is  no 
longer  staying  at  Brennaburg,"  the  fisherman  replied  humbly. 
"We  have  left  the  castle,  that  is  correct,"  the  other 
25  observed  in  [a]  defiant  tone  [of  voice],  while  he  reached  into 
the  dish  and  began  to  eat;  "but  how^  does  that  concern 
you?  We  shall  surely  take  the  castle  again  and  drive  out 
the  Margrave  with  his  Germans." 

Nako,  perhaps,  thought  differently  about  that,°  but  he 


^  results y  bie  j^ruc^t.                         ■*  16. 

^39(1. 

239a.                                                  ß  <;///,  babci. 

7  Perfect. 

3  to  say  nothing  of,  Qcfd^lucic^c  bcilll. 

8  Jl07i',  lüaö. 

"  about  tlial,  bfirilbcr. 

INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  77 

kept  silent  and  quietly  walked  aside.  Secretly  he  whispered 
to  Kizo: 

"The  captain  is  not  to  be  trifled  with;  see  that  you  learn 
from  one  of  his  men  how  things*  have  gone  at  Brennaburg, 
5  and  where  Prince  Jaczo  is  staying  at  present."  In  order  to 
win  over  the  leader,  he  brought  another^  jug  of  mead.  This 
was  drained  with  the  remainder  of  the  dinner,  and  the  un- 
invited guests  plainly  showed  their  satisfaction. 

"Let  us^  rest  [for]  a  while,"  said  the  captain  to  his  com- 
o  panions  and  stretched  himself  out  on  the  bench;  "one  of 
you  in  the  meantime  keep*  guard;  afterwards  we  shall^  con- 
tinue our  trip  to  Köpnik." 

Soon  he  had  fallen  asleep.  The  others  followed  his  ex- 
ample; one  only  seated  himself  under  an  oak  near  the  farm 
5  and  let  his  eyes  roam  over  the  distance.  Presently^  Kizo 
approached  him. 

"Fellow-countryman,"  he  addressed  him  softly,  "it  is 
infernal  [luck]  that  this  Margrave  has  triumphed;  better, 
surely,  it  would  have  been  if  you  had  been  able  to  hold 
o  Brennaburg." 

The  Wendish  warrior  looked  at  him  distrustfully,  but  the 
fisherman  seemed  to  have  inspired  him  with  confidence,  for 
he  commenced  with  a  sigh: 

"Indeed,  fellow-countryman,  it  would  have  been  better, 

5  but  we  have  been  poorly  supplied  of  late,  and  if  we  had^ 

not  got  this  fish  dinner,  we  should  have  toppled  over  with^ 

hunger  before  we  reached  Köpnik."     Kizo  sat  down  beside 

him  confidentially. 

"Tell  me  how  you  fared  at  Brennaburg,  and  how  the  ^lar- 


1  things,  eö. 

S25. 

2  another,  noc^  ein. 

6  Presently,  m^balb. 

3  Let  us,  ^\x  molten  nod^. 

^31- 

*  keep=  keeps. 

8  with,  üor. 

78  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

grave  got  the  better  of^  you.     As  late  as^  yesterday  I  was 
delighted  to  hear  that  you  had  slain  his  nephew." 

Then  the  warrior  began  to  report  frankly:  "We  got  into  the 
fortress  easily  because  'The  Bear'  was  absent,  and  since  we 
5  had  strengthened  the  fortifications  and  provided  ourselves 
with  victuals,  we  believed  that  we  should  have  nothing  to  fear. 
But  soon  the  Margrave  returned  with  innumerable  warriors, 
with  him  the  Magdeburg  men.^  As  far  as  our  eyes  could 
reach,  German  men  appeared  on  foot  and  on  horseback, 

lo  except  where  the  waters^  of  the  broad  Hevelda  restrained 
the  enemies.  Many  of  us  then  lost  heart,  and  even  the 
bravest  began  to  doubt  whether  we  could  long  resist  or 
even  beat  off  the  enemy.  On  the  very^  next  day  these  Ger- 
mans began  to  proceed  according  to  a  fixed  plan.     On  three 

IS  sides  they  inclosed  us  with  high  intrenchments,  and  on  the 
fourth  side,  where  the  Hevelda  protected  us,  they  collected 
numerous  boats  in  order  to  conduct  the  assault  upon  us. 
Here  it  was  that,''  to  the  very  great^  sorrow  of  the  Margrave, 
Count  Werner  of  Veltheim  met  a  premature  death  together 

20  with  his  comrades.  Great  exultation  prevailed  among  us 
at  this  good  luck,^  but  I  fear  it  proved  our  ruin  that  the  one 
slain  was  the  Margrave's  nephew.  For,  from  this  moment 
on,  the  wrath  of  our  enemies  redoubled.  It  is  true,  we 
beat  back  the  storming  warriors  several  times,  but  while  our 

25  number  dwindled  ever  more,  the  force  of  our  opponents  grew 
constantly  through  reinforcements.  Then,  early  yesterday, 
the  principal  assault  of  *  The  Bear '  took  place  from  all  sides, 
after  his  warriors  had  previously  occupied  the  outworks  and 

1  get  the  better  of,  mod) tig  Irerbcn  (w.  gen.). 

2  As  late  as,  9]od). 

3  the  Magdeburg  men,  hit  SD^ogbeburgcr.  «  that,  YOO. 

*  the  waters,  bic  i^lut.  ''  very  great,  superlative. 

6  On  the  very,  <Srf)on  an  .  .  .  ^  at  .  .  .  luck,  über  bicfcn  Grfolg. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  79 

captured  Parduin.  Our  men'  no  longer  sufficed,  (in  order) 
to  offer  strong  resistance  on  all  sides;  still,  we  did  not 
give  up  hope-  on  that  account,^  and  Prince  Jaczo  hastened 
everywhere''  where  assistance  was  most  necessary.  The 
5  Germans  had  to  pay  for  every  foot  of  ground''  with  streams 
of  blood,  but  they  were  enough  in*^  number  to  make^  this 
sacrifice,  and,  though  slowly,  they  advanced  farther  and 
farther.  On  the  river  side  the  Margrave  himself  led  the 
assault  in  the  boats,  and  here  we  succumbed  indeed.^   When 

10  our  cause  seemed  lost,  our  prince  collected  the  small  remnants^ 
of  our  warriors,  and  we  fought  our  way  successfully  through 
the  midst  of^"  the  superior  forces  of  the  enemy." 

Kizo  had  listened  to  the  report  with  eager  attention,  and 
when  the  misfortunes  of  the  Wends  were  described,  mani- 

15  fested  such  evident  compassion  in  his  face  that  the  warrior 
could  not  entertain  any  suspicion. 

"  But  what  has  become  of  your  master?^^    You  said  that  he 
escaped  with  you." 

"To  be  sure,  we  cut  our  way  through  together,"  the  war- 

20  rior  rephed,  ''however,  in  the  open,  we  sustained  another^^ 
assault  from  ambush  so  that  our  troop  was  scattered  into 
several  small  bands,  each  of  which^^  was  intent  upon  its 
own  safety.  Then  we  lost  sight  of  our  chief,  but  he  seems 
to  have  escaped." 

25      "You  said  that  all  this  happened  (already)  yesterday?" 

1  men,  bie  9}Jannf(^aften. 

2  Add  def.  art. 

3  on  that  account,  be6f)al6;  add  noc^. 
*  everywhere,  überaU  f)in. 

^for  .  .  .  ground,  jeben  fu^reit. 

^  in,  an.  1"  through  the  midst  of,  mitten  burd^. 

7  make,  bringen.  "  But  where  has  your  master  remained? 

8  indeed,  and}.  ^-  another,  nod^malö;  add  indef.  art. 

9  Singular.  i3  each  0/  which^of  which  (gen.)  each;  i6a. 


8o  GERMAN  PROSE  COMPOSITION 

Kizo  resumed.  "Darkness  set  in  when  we  left  Brennaburg 
in  flight.  Exhausted  by  the  terrible  fight,  we  dragged  our- 
selves only  a  short  distance  into  the  nearby  forest,  and  here 
we  rested  until  morning.  As  soon  as  the  sun  began  to  illu- 
5  minate  the  tree  tops  with  his  first  rays,  we  set  forth  to  reach 
the  Spree. 

As  we  perceived  from  afar,  things^  had  already  become 
lively  in  Brennaburg;  trumpets  resounded  continually,  and 
on  the  summit  of  the  Harlunger  mountain  the  victorious 

10  banner  of  'The  Bear'  fluttered  as  before,  visible  for  a  great 
distance.  Then  terror  impelled  us  to  redoubled  haste,  and 
we  were  all  glad  when  we  reached  the  sedgy  banks  of  this 
river. '^ 

"Now  you  have  only  a  short  trip  to^  Köpnik,"  Kizo  said 

15  comfortingly,  as  he  rose  and  left  the  warrior. 

Soon  thereafter  the  commander  of  the  Wends  awoke, 
stretched  his  limbs  and  called  his  men  together.  He  said  to 
Nako,  who  had  also  made  his  appearance:  "Well,  fellow- 
countryman,  take  us  over  to  the  Berlin  shore  in  your  boat, 

20  that  we  [may]  reach  home." 

Without  complaint  and  assisted  by  his  servant,  the  boat- 
man obeyed  this  command.  Beyond,  on  the  Berlin^  shore, 
the  captain  said  to  the  fisherman  before^  departing: 

"I  know  that  you  worship  the  Christian  God  and  side  with 

25  the  Germans,  therefore  you  would  deserve  to  be  deprived  of 
your  property  and  to  be  driven  away.  But  since  you  re- 
freshed us  with  food  and  drink,  and  brought  us  here  across 
the  river,  I  will  postpone  your  punishment,  as  a  token  of 
gratitude,^  until  I  return."    He  accompanied  these  malicious 

30  words  with  loud  laughter. 

'  things,  Co.         3  Berlin,  33crUncr.         ^  as  a  .  .  .  gratitude,  gum  Tant. 
2  to,  bis.  ■*  before,  cf)e;  39c. 


1 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  8l 

Nako  displayed  an  humble  mien  as  before  and  was  silent. 
But  when  the  warriors  had  vanished,  he  made  a  wry  face  and 
said  serenely  to  Kizo: 

''For  the  present,  I  am  rid  of  the  fellows  and  got 
5  off^  fairly  well;  we  may  still  catch  a  fresh  supply  of  fish^ 
to-day  in  place  of^  those  which  they  consumed,^  but  as 
regards  the  threat,  I  do  hope^  that  the  warriors  of  the 
great  Margrave  Albert  [will]  arrive  here  before  Jaczo's 
men  return." 

68.   Reminiscences 

lo  It  is  more  than  fifty  years  ago^  since  I  left  the  pleasant 
village  in  which  I  passed  my  boyhood,  but  yet  to-day  I 
think  with  pleasure  of®  the  green  fields  over  which  I  roamed 
as  [a]  boy,  of®  the  plain  people  who,  together  with  me, 
inhabited  my  native  soil.     The  village  of  Walda,  as  I  v/ill 

15  call  it,  is^  in  Saxony,  east  of  the  Elbe.  Moderately  high 
hills  and  ridges  afford^  an  agreeable  relief  to^  the  other- 
wise level  landscape.  The  village  is  bounded  on^^  the  north 
by  a  fiscal  forest  which  yields  abundant  crops  of  blueberries 
and   cranberries;   the  copses  in  front  of  it  belong  to   the 

20  villagers.  Rye,  potatoes,  turnips,  and  white  beets  flourish 
in  the  light  soil,  and  in^^  summer  time  many  fields  are 
adorned  with  the  blossoms  of  the  buckwheat,  which  the 
bees  like  to  visit. 

The  massive  church  rises  in  the  midst  of  the  cemetery,  to 

25  which  —  besides  the  village  of  Walda — some  other  villages 
belonging^^  to  the  parish  take  their  dead.  Two  ancient 
linden  trees  vie  with  the  steeple  in  height,  and,  together 


1  Perfect. 

5  ago,  ^er. 

0  to,  in  (vv,  ace). 

2  Plural. 

ß  Genitive. 

10  on,  in. 

•■'  in  place  of,  für. 

7  is,  liegt. 

"  in,  gur. 

4  /  do  Iwpe,  \o  n)itt  id|  l^offcn. 

8  afford,  bringen. 

12  38a  or  39b. 

82  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

with  it,  may  be  seen  from  afar.  The  plain  homehke  par- 
sonage, in  which  almost  nothing  has  changed,  and  which  has 
even  preserved^  the  iron  knocker  on  its  back  door,  stands 
in  the  shadow  of  one  of  these  venerable  trees.     Elsewhere, 

5  too,  stately  linden  trees  are  found,-  especially  at  the  entrances^ 
of  the  farms.  Water-courses  and  ponds,  which  endow  a 
landscape  with  a  peculiar  charm,  are  wanting  almost  en- 
tirely. A  person^  hardly  recognizes  the  former  magnificent 
''Brauteich"  in  the  wretched  pool  in  the  center  of  the  village, 

lo  and  the  pretty  lake  on  the  south  side  of  the  village  has  been 
transformed  into  meadow  land.  The  village  brook,  which, 
to  be  sure,  flows  but  scantily  in  the  heated  season,  has  been 
deprived  of  its  picturesque  windings  and  its  vigorous  planta- 
tions of  willows  and  alders.     At^  [a]  considerable  distance 

15  south  of  the  village  low^  bottom-lands  extend  with  luxuriant 
meadows  and  a  large,  picturesque,  sedgy  lake  belonging^  to 
the  neighboring  landed  estate.  At  the  lower  end  of  the  vil- 
lage, on  a  small  elevation,  a  windmill  turns  its  arms. 

Such^  is  the  appearance  of  the  village  nowadays.     A  half 

20  century  ago,  however,  all  was  more  charming  and  more 
primitive.  Nobody,  at  that  time,  thought^  of  shaping  the 
course  of  the  brooks  into  straight  lines, ^°  of  filling  in  stagnant 
pools  in  order  to  obtain  a  few  rods  of  land,  of  leveling  banks 
of  clay  and  sand  which  showed  the  roots  of  the  trees,  and  of 

25  removing  all  uneven  spots.  Nobody  hit  upon  the  idea  of 
cutting^ ^  down  the  splendid  old  trees,  which  overlooked  the 
houses  in  divers  places,  in  order  to  convert  them  into  money. 

1  Add  [ic^.  7  38a. 

2  are  found,  man  trifft  an.  ^  Such,  X^aö. 

3  Singular.  ^  Add  bnvaii;  0/ sJiapi)i!^,  of  filling  in, 
*  A  person,  ^^Im.  of  leveling,  etc.,  inf.  w.  ju. 

^  At,  3n.  '°  into  straight  lines,  Qcrablinig. 

c  low,  tiefere.  "  Inf.  w.  311. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  83 

This  open  nature,  which  was  allowed  to  develop  (itself) 
almost  without  restraint,  was  the  playground  for  myself  and 
my  comrades.  Thus  we  had  at  our  disposal  the  wide  forest, 
into  the  interior  of  which,  however/  we  hardly  penetrated, 
5  the  meadows,  grassy  ridges,  stubble-fields  and  sand-pits, 
the  village  road,  the  farmyards,  barns,  and  stables  of  the 
peasants,  their  rooms,  in  which,  in  the-  winter  time,  we 
huddled  around  the  huge  tile  stoves,  the  churchyard  with  its 
fruit  trees,  the  commons  by^  the  village  road,  the  place  where 

10  the  fire-ladders  were  kept,  and  where  gigantic  chestnut  trees 
grew.  In  the  church  tower  we  had  crept  through  every  nook 
and  cranny,  had  enjoyed  the  prospect"*  from  the  highest 
tree  tops,  were  on  hand  in  large  numbers^  whenever  tiles 
had  to  be  conveyed  to  the  lofty  height  of  a  roof,  or  whenever 

15  it  was  necessary^  to  bring  a  load  of  hay  or  grain  sheaves 
under  shelter.  Indeed,  a  free  [and]  happy  life,  which  was 
not  restrained  by  any  watchman. 

The    meeting  place   for  the   children^    was    usually    the 
"Brauteich,"  situated  in  the  center  of  the  village,  which 

20  derived  its  name  from  the  deserted  and  dilapidated  brewery 
that  formerly  conducted  the  tavern.  It  w^as  a  stately  pond, 
inclosed  by  imposing  trees,  especially  ancient  wiUows,  whose 
hollow  trunks  stood  out  slantingly  above  the  surface  of  the 
water;   it   was  of  considerable   depth   in   its   more   remote 

25  portions.  In^  its  quiet  inlets  we  watched  the  fish  (es)  play- 
ing^ in  the  sunny  deep,  the  blue  dragon-fiies,  flitting^  among 
the  alder  bushes,  the  frogs  squatting^  on  the  grassy  banks. 
Frequently,  all  bare- footed,  we  would  wade  about  in   the 

1  however,  freiließ.  ^  n  {^  necessary,  e^  gift  (a,  0). 

2  in  the,  jur.  '  ihe  children,  bic  3ugenb. 

3  by,  jur  Seite  (w.  gen.).  *  In,  2tn. 
^  enjoy  the  prospect,  Umfd^au  J^olteit  (ie,  a).            ^  39b. 

5  in  large  members,  jQ^Ireic^. 


84  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

shallower  portions  of  the  water  with  childlike  delight, 
splashing  each  other  with  much  screaming.  Our  clothes 
could  not  be  spoiled  thereby,  since  none  of  us  wore  a  "  good"^ 
coat  or  a  headgear. 
5  Geese  and  ducks,  too,  exercised  their  swimming  and  diving 
skill-  in  the  pond.  Occasionally,  servants  led  thither^  their 
horses,  which  had  to  submit  to  a  wash.^  In  winter,  the  icy 
surface  was  alive  with  boys  and  girls  who  either  slid  around 
in  their  wooden  shoes,  or  were  drawn^  across  the  slippery 

lo  surface  in  ice-boats  and  ice- sledges.  We  obtained  a  far 
greater  speed  in  flying®  across  the  ice  by  means  of  the  ''ice- 
sling,"  by  which  an  ice-boat  fastened^  by^  a  long  rope  to^  a 
post  was  set  in  circular  motion.  We  were  especially  fond 
of  playing  in^^  the  place  where  the  fire-ladders  and  fire-hooks 

15  lay  under  a  wooden  shed.  Here  four  stately  chestnut  trees 
rose,  a  favorite  spot  of  nesting  finches,  at^^  Wliitsuntide 
adorned  with  magnificent  clusters  of  blossoms,  in  autumn 
loaded  with  ripe  fruit  (s)  which  glistened  in  the  half -broken 
shells.     One  or  the  other^^  of  us,  then,  got  ready  a  club, 

20  which  was  thrown  into  the  tops  of  the  trees  and  caused ^^  the 
chestnuts  to  pour  down  in  plenty.  Many  a  nut  thereby  fell 
into  the  village  ditch  and,  later  [on],  threw  out  thick  shoots 
which  had  burst  their  leathery  shells  without  difficulty.  In 
the  churchyard  some  sour  cherry  trees,  but  most  of  all  three 

25  beautiful  mulberry  trees,  exerted  the  greatest  attraction  upon 

^''good,"  „beffcr." 

2  their  swimming  and  diving  skill,  [f}Xt  (Sc!^tüimm=  unb  Jauc^crfilnftc. 

3  thither,  F)erbei. 

^  which  .  .  .  wash,  mcldje  bic  (2rf)lücmmc  über  [id;  crgcf)cn  laffcn  mußten. 

e  be  drawn,  fid)  5ic()en  laffcn  (ic,  a). 

« in  flying,  im  ^^licgcn.  '"  /",  an. 

'  39l>.  "  at,  urn. 

«  by,  bnxd).  12  Qne  or  the  other,  Vcx  linb  icncr. 

"  to,  an  (w.  dat.).  "  cause,  mad)cn;  34. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  85 

US.  One^  of  llic  latter  bore  white  fruit (s),  on  the  other  two^ 
they  were  of  dark  color.  In  spite  of  their  somewhat  insipid 
taste  they  were  nevertheless  much  sought  after, ^  and  dropped 
down  in  rich  abundance  whenever  we  threw  our  customary 
5  missiles  against  the  branches.  If,  at  times,  the  pastor  ap- 
peared in  the  distance  with  reproving  mien,  the  gang  took  to 
their  heels  and  scattered  very  suddenly. 

More  than  others  I  had  frequent  occasion  to  set  foot  in 
the  interior  of  the  tower  and  of  the  church.    The  organ,  with 

10  its  wood  and  metal  pipes,  its  manuals,  pedals,  and  registers, 
appeared  to  me  (as)  a  perfect  piece  of  art,  however  many  de- 
fects it  may  have  had.^  It  w^as  a  matter  of  course-^  to  me^ 
that  the  wind  made  the  pipes  resound,  since  in  the  spring, 
when  the  sap  had  entered^  the  willows,  I  made  my  own 

15  "Whitsuntide  whistles"  and  blew  on^  them.  I  regarded  the 
altar  with  its  figures  of  saints  [handed  down]  from^  Cathohc 
times  with  proper  reverence,  and  was  not  [a]  little  surprised 
when  I  found  in  the  church  attic  some  pretty,  gay-colored 
sculptures  which  may^^  have  belonged  to  an  older  altar.    On 

20  Sundays  the  women  sat  in  the  pews  in  the  nave  of  the  church ; 
almost  each  of  them  had  her  little  bouquet  of^^  fragrant  musk- 
leaves,  sweet  basil,  and  pinks  lying^-  beside  her.  During 
the  hymn  before  the  sermon  the  churchwarden  appeared 
and  passed   his  bell-purse  in  front  of  the  singing  women. 

25  Whoever  had  forgotten  her^^  penny,  and  could  not  contribute, 
nodded  abashed.     Some  pennies  would  shp^^  under  the  foot- 

1  Add  def.  art,  before  One.  »  on,  auf. 

2  two,  beibe.  ^  from,  au3. 

3  much  sought  after,  fe^r  begehrt.  1°  may,  pret.  of  mögen. 
*  may  have  had,  \)ahm  mochte.  "  of,  quo. 

6  a  matter  of  course,  [elb[tüer[tänbüd^.       '^-  Infinitive. 

ß/o  me,  dat.  is  her,  fein  (to  agree  with  mer). 

'  enter,  treten  (a,  e);  add  in  (w.  ace).     ^^  Add  aucfj. 


86  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

board  and  were  discovered  by  us  afterwards.  The  men, 
too,  who  occupied  the  galleries,  were  in  duty  bound  to  make 
their  contributions,  but  it  was  less  noticeable  when  they 
excused  themselves.  By  passing^  their  snuff-boxes  the  men 
5  tried  to  ward  off  (the)  drowsiness  during  the  sermon. 

In  the  tower  I  knew  all  [the]  rooms  and  nooks.  Almost 
daily  I  climbed  the  three  wooden  stairs  that  led  up  to  the 
belfry,  as  I  liked  to  attend  to  the  ringing  of  the  evening  bells. 
The  "big"  bell,  sounding  deep  and  grand,  was  set  in  motion 

10  only  with  difficulty  by  me,  a^  twelve-year-old  boy.  The 
"small"  bell  hung  in  an  aperture  in  the  wall,  and  swung  in 
and  out  when  rung.^  Once  it  happened  during  the  ringing 
of  the  passing-bell  that  it  tumbled  down  and  struck  (upon) 
the  heavy  oak  beams  of  the  belfry  without  doing  any  other* 

15  damage.  After-^  evening  bells  I  liked  to  gaze  down  into  the 
landscape  from  the  elevation  of  the  tower,  and  sought  the 
high  steeple  of  the  distant  town  which  was  illuminated  by 
the  splendor  of  the  setting  sun.  Above  the  belfry  the  tower 
clock  went  its  measured  course.     I  knew  all  the  parts  of  its 

20  mechanism  most  exactly;  I  knew**  not  only  [how]  to  wind 
it,  but  also  [how]  to  set  it  according  to^  correct  time.  Up 
there  screeching  daws  dwelt  and  nested,  the  eggs  of  which 
I  often  examined.  Once  it  happened  that  an  owl  which 
stared  at  me  vacantly  sat  on  the  rafters.     We  often  met  in 

25  front  of  the  tower,  in  order  to  hold  exercises  in  high  throw- 
ing, in  which^  the  point  was  to  throw  stones  through  the 
aperture  of  the  belfry,  or  to  hit  the  "small"  bell,  which  was 
suspended  at^  [a]  greater  height. 

1  By  passing,  X>Qburd),  bafj,  followcl  by  dependent  clause. 

2  a,  (lei.  art.  ^  know,  ücrftc^cu. 

3  when  rung,  beim  ^'älltcil.  ^  according  to,  in  (w.  ace.);  add  def.  art. 
*  any  other,  \on\t  (adv.).               ^  ./,^  wliicli,  Juobci. 

6  Add  def.  art.  »  at,  in. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  87 

In  autumn  whole  troops  of  boys  were  to  be  found'  in  the 
stubble-fields  and  pastures.  Some  had  to  watch  the  cattle, 
the  others  loafed  about  and  went  from  one  shepherd-boy  to 
the  other.  That  was  very  entertaining.  All  sorts  of  under- 
5  brush  and  thorny  brambles  were  piled  into^  a  heap;  dry  and 
green  branches  were  dragged  thither  from  the  nearby  forest, 
and  a  fire  was  lighted.  The^  heavier  the  smoke,  the  greater 
our  delight.  The  neighboring  potato  fields  yielded  tubers, 
which  were  baked  in  the  hot  ashes.     The  excitement  further 

10  increased,  if  the  cattle  ran  about  wildly  on  account  of  the 
flames  and  the  smoke  and  the  shouts  of  the  unrestrained 
crowds  of  boys. 

In  summer  we  liked  to  visit  the  forest.     It  promised  us 
rich  harvests.     We   filled   our   baskets   with   black   or   red 

15  berries,  with  the  cones  of  the  pines,  and  collected  mushrooms. 

Occasionally  we  espied  the  nest  of  a  titmouse  or  came  upon 

the  abode  of  a  fox,  watched  a  w^oodpecker  which  peered  out 

of  its  tree  hole,  or  frightened  and  pursued  a  swift  squirrel. 

By  preference,  we  sought  out  the  sand  and  gravel  pits  in 

20  the  vicinity  of  the  village,  not  only  in  order  to  play  in  the 
loose  sand  and  rubble,  but  also  because  w^e  wished  to  carry 
on  there  unnoticed  certain  venturesome  pastimes.  Thus 
we  chanced  upon  [the  idea  of]  shooting^  with  powder.  Most^ 
of  us,  to  be  sure,  owned  cross-bow^s,  with  which,  on  Sunday 

25  afternoons,  we  shot  at^  a  star  made  by  ourselves.  But  we 
wanted  to  hear  an  explosion  at  the^  shooting,  too,  and  had 
no  pistols  or  other  fire-arms  at  our  disposal.  Since,  however, 
the  simplest  form  of  these  arms  is  a  tube  with  a  touchhole, 
we  made^  such  guns  out  of  hollow  keys  fastened  on  a  wooden 

^  'düere  to  he  found,  man  traf.      "*  shooting,  ba^  Schießen.      ^  at,  nac^. 

2  into,  auf  (w.  ace).  ^  Most,  ^ie  meiften.  ^  at  the,  beim. 

3  The  .  .  .  the  .  .  .,  ^t  .  .  .  befto  ...  s  Add  un«. 


88  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

handle.  Now  the  hollow  keys  would  disappear  from  trunks, 
chests,  and  old  wardrobes  in  the  houses,  and  on  Sunday 
afternoons  the  dull  report  of  our  fire-arms  was  heard  from^ 
the  gravel  pits.    But  soon  a  stop  was  put  to  our  doings,-  and 

5  that^  through^  the  school.    One  Monday  we  were  subjected 

to  a  severe  lecture,  in  which  threats  were  not  wanting,  and 

the  storekeeper  was  warned  not  to  sell  us  any  more  powder.^ 

At  times  we  congregated  for®  expeditions  which  extended 

beyond  the  boundaries  of  our  village.     In  spring  we  would 

lo  repair  to  a  creek  which  flowed  along  between  Walda  and 
Schönfeld  in  a  depression  of  the  ground.  Its  windings  were 
splendid;  its  banks  were  lined  with  bushes  and  old  tree 
trunks,  beneath  which  hosts  of  crawfish'  hved.  In  addition, 
there  were  pickerel  (s),  those  swift  pirates  of  the  rivers.    We 

15  knew^  not  only  [how]  to  take  the  crawfish  adroitly  out  of 
their  holes,  but  also  to  entrap  the  pickerel (s) ;  these  we  caught 
by  means  of  nooses  fastened  to^  a  stick  which  we  threw  over 
their^*^  heads  when  they  stood  still. 

School  and  church  endeavored  to  impart  to  us  culture  and 

20  good  morals,  and  the  parson,  as  well  as  the  teacher,  was,  of 
course,  regarded  with  great  respect.  The  schoolroom  was  a 
rather  narrow  room  with  httle  windows,  in  which  we  sat  close 
to  one  another.  It  was  filled  with  that  close  air  which  is 
exhaled  by  a^^  multitude  in  a  crowded  room  and  is  said^-  to 

25  be  not  at  all  conducive  to  good  health.  We,  however,  had 
so  much  healthy  exercise  in  the  open  air  all  day  that  this  dis- 

^  from,  QUO. 

^  But  .  .  .  doings,  5U(cin  ba«  v'panbiücrf  murbc  und  balb  gelegt. 

3  that,  jtt)ar.  '  know,  ücr[tcf)cn. 

*  through,  Don  .  .  .  QUO.  *•  lo,  an  (w.  ace). 

ß  any  nwre  powder,  fcill  .  .  .  incl)r.                  '•'  23. 

o/or,  JU.  "  ^,  ^^Pf-  '^rt. 

7  Plural.  '-  is  said,  [oU. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  89 

advantage  did  not  affect  us  in  the  least.  Of^  aids  to  instruc- 
tion there  was  a  reading-machine,  a  blackboard,  and  a  few 
geographical  maps  which  were  thickly  covered  with  names, 
but  did  not  give  us  any  idea  of  the  physical  condition  of 
S  a  country.  There  was  no  apparatus  for  [teaching]  natural 
sciences.^  Nowadays  all  that  is  quite  different,  to  be  sure, 
but  I  am  almost  of  the  opinion  that  learning  is  made  too  easy 
for  the^  children  now.  The  religious  instruction  was  given  by 
our  teacher  with  impressiveness  and  dignity.     The  biblical 

10  stories  (we  used  the  collection  by*  Tischer)  were  read  so 
many  times  that  I  knew  them  almost  by  heart.  Another 
of  our  text-books,  the  „Äinbcrfreunb"  by*  Otto,  contained 
several  suggestive  chapters  from^  the  history  of  Saxony  and 
general  history,   and  was   not  without  beneficial  influence 

15  upon  us.  The  instruction  in  German^  appeared  to  us  very 
tedious,  so  that,  during  these  lessons,  our  imagination  was 
accustomed  to  roam  in^  other  fields.  Singing  was  well  taken 
care  of,  and  we  did  not  sing  badly  in  two  parts. ^  A  school 
festival  was  held  annually,  on  w^hich  occasion^  a  procession, 

20  preceded  by  a  band  of  music,  ^^  marched  through  the  village 
singing  popular  songs.  ^^ 

As  in  school,^-  we  boys  had  also  our  duties  in  church.  We 
composed  the  choir,  but  were  expected  ^^  also  to  listen  to  the 
sermon,  about  which ^*  we  were  questioned  afterwards. 

Adapted  from  „!Die  §eimat." 

'  Of,  %n  (vv.  dat.). 

2  natural  sciences,  bic  ^^aturgefd^id^te. 

3/or  the,  dat. 

*  by,  üon.  7  in,  auf  (w.  dat.). 

^from,  auö.  8  in  two  parts,  im  gmeiftimmigen  (Ba^t. 

^  in  German,  im  Seutfd^.  ^  on  which  occasion,  lüobci. 

*°  preceded  .  .  .  music=which  (dat.)  a  .  .  .  preceded. 

"  singing  .  .  .  songs,  unter  bem  @e[ange  Don  5>oIf'gIiebem. 

12  Add  [0.         13  i)e  expected,  follen.         ^*  about  which,  monac^. 


90  GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 

69.    Berlin 

If,  twenty-five  or  thirty  years  ago,  one^  had  been  asked 
to  name  the  great  world  cities,  i.e.,-  those  few  cities  which 
everybody  knows,  has  visited,  or  hopes  to  visit,  he  would 
probably  have  mentioned  London,  Paris,  and  New  York. 
5  By^  general  consent,  these  would  have  been  acknowledged 
as  the  great  world  cities,  on  account  of  their  area,  the  number 
of  their  inhabitants,  their  wealth,  commerce,  and  industries. 
Had  the  same  question  been  asked  during  the  past  ten  years, 
to  these  three  the  name  [of]  Berlin  would  have  had  to  be 

10  added.  As  [a]  world  city  Berlin  is  new,  even  as  new  as 
Chicago.  But  as  [a]  city,  although  not  as  old  as  London 
and  Paris,  it  has  quite  an^  extended  history.  Berlin  first 
appears  in  history  during  the  first  half  of  the  eighth  cen- 
tury; at'   that  time  it  consisted   of  two  parts,  Berlin  and 

15  Kolln,  which  were  divided  by  the  river  Spree. 

In^  1307  the  two  places  were  united,  and  soon  developed, 
so  that  Berlin  became  the  leader^  of  all  the  northern  in- 
dependent cities.  When  the  Hohenzollern  dynasty  became 
the  ruhng  power  in  Brandenburg  in  141 5,  the  place  was 

20  unable  to  maintain  its  independence,  and  was  compelled^  to 
submit  to  the  erection  of  a  Hohenzollern  stronghold.  This 
is  still  preserved  as  a  portion  of  the  oldest  part  of  the 
present  royal  palace.  From  this  time  on  the  fortunes  of 
the  city  remained  intimately  connected  with  those  of  the 

25  Hohenzollern  family  and  their  newly  acquired  principality. 
The  city  now  grew  until  it  numbered  about  12,000  inhab- 
itants, but  during  the  terrible  times  of  the  Thirty  Years' 
War  the  number  decreased  by  half.^ 

>  one,  jemanb.  ''  quite  an=a  quite  ...     ^  the  leader,  bic  Domc^mftC 

2  i.e.,  b.  \).  (baö  l)ci^t).     ^  at,  ju.  >"  be  compelled,  muffen. 

3  By,  Unter.  "  In  =  In  the  year.  »  by  half,  um  bic  .Sj)älftc. 


INTERMEDIATE    AND   ADVANCED 


91 


Berlin  owes  the  beginning  of  its  modern  development  to 
the  founder  of  the  modern  Prussian  state,  the  great  elector, 
Frederick  William  (1640-1688).  His  plans  were  continued 
and  enlarged  by  his  successors,  the  town  was  made  the  royaP 
5  residence,  prominent  architects  were  called,  and  such  build- 
ings as  the  Arsenal,  the  Charlottenburg  Palace,  and  the 
Berlin  Palace  were  begun.  The  place  became  noted  be- 
cause of  its  religious  toleration  and  liberty,  and  this  brought 
several  thousand  colonists  from  less  liberal  districts. 

10  When  Frederick  the  Great  (i 740-1 786)  came  to-  the 
throne,  the  city  had  a  population  of  91,000.  Under  his 
successor,  Frederick  Wilham  the  Second  (i 786-1 797),  the 
population  increased  more  rapidly,  and  at^  [the]  beginning 
of  the  century   amounted   to    172,000.     The   Brandenburg 

15  Gate  was  erected,  painting  received  [a]  new  impulse,  and 
the  theater,  which  had  long  been''  under  French  influence, 
was  Germanized^  and^  put  upon  a  firm  foundation. 

Frederick  William  the  Third    (i  797-1840)   had  scarcely 
begun  his  plans  of  development^  when  they  were  all  over- 

20  thrown  by^  the  invasion  of  Napoleon,  the  fatal  battle  of^ 
Jena  (1806),  and  the  occupation  of  Berlin  by^  the  French. 
However,  amid  these  humiliating  circumstances  [there]  was 
one  event  that  was  destined  to  be  of  the  greatest  beneficial 
influence,  the  founding  of  the  University  in  1809.     In  the 

25  uprising  against  Napoleon  the  people  of  Berlin^^  wxre  the 
leaders,  and  after  the  peace  of  181 5  Berlin  developed  with 
wonderful  rapidity.  It  was  a  time  in  which  the  young  uni- 
versity at  once  arose  to  the  first  rank  in  Germany,  under 

'  the  royal=to  the  royal.  ^  was  Germanized,  erhielt  bcutfd^en  (E^arnfter. 

2  to,  auf  (w.  ace).  6  Add  ivas. 

3  at,  ju,  7  plans  of  development,  (5ntn)icflung6p(äne. 
*been=  stood.  ^by,buvd). 

9  of,  bei.  1*^  the  .  .  .  Berlin,  bic  iöcrliner. 


92 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


the  leadership  of  such  professors  as  Wihiam  and  Alexander 
von  Humboldt,  Hegel,  Schleiermacher,  Lachmann,  and  many 
others.  The  German  drama  enjoyed  its^  highest  prosperity, 
and  served^  to  give  an  impulse  to  national  life  and  interest. 
5  Architecture,  under  the  influence  of  Schinkel  (1781-1841), 
received  new  impulses.  He  was  a  great  admirer  of^  classic 
style,  and  built  as  the  Greeks  would  have  built  amid 
German  surroundings,  according  to  his  conception.  Among 
his  buildings  the  most  famous  are  the  Guard  House,  the 

10  Theater,  the  Schlossbrücke,  the  Old  Museum,  the  Babelsberg 
Castle,  near  Berlin,  and  the  Nicolai  Church^  in  Potsdam. 
Numerous  statues  and  monuments  by  Rauch  (1777-1857), 
the  greatest  sculptor  that  Germany  has  yet^  produced,  still 
stand^  as  the  finest  ornaments  of  the  capital.     The  intro- 

15  duction  of  railroads,  just  before  the  middle  of  the  century, 

contributed   much   to   the   development   of   commerce   and 

industries,  and  when  King  William  the  First  (i 861-1888) 

came  to^  the  throne,  the  city  numbered  496,000  inhabitants. 

The  city  [of]  Berlin  now  has  over  2,000,000  inhabitants; 

20  and  if  the  immediate  suburbs  were  included,  the  number 
would  rise  to  2,500,000. 

What  is  the  cause  of  this  marvelous  development?  It  is 
all  due  to  political  events  that  culminated  in  the  war  with 
France   and  its  victories.     When  France  declared  war  in 

25  1870,  all  Germany,  North  and  South,  arose  as  one  man,  and 
marched  triumphantly  into  France,^  winning^  the  greatest 
victory  since  the  time  of  Napoleon.  While  the  German 
troops  were  bombarding  Paris,  a  permanent  union  of  the 

1  its=the.  «  Add  ba. 

2  Add  bajU.  ^  to,  auf  (w.  ace). 

3  of,  gen.;  add  dcf.  art.  «  Add  \)umn  after  ^raufrcid^. 
*  bie  5f?icoIai=Äir(f|e.  "  39^. 

6  yet,  bi«  ie^jt. 


i 


INTERMEDIATE    AND   ADVANCED  93 

German  states  was  established  that  has  developed  into' 
the  empire  of  to-day.-  There  at  Versailles,  in  the  beautiful 
ballroom  of  the  great  French  kings,  William  the  First  of 
Prussia  was  declared^  German  Emperor.  This  at  once 
5  changed  Berlin  from  the  capital  of  Prussia  to  the  capital  of 
the  newly  founded  empire.  r.  w.  Moore. 

70.   The  Cathedral  of  Cologne 

Cologne,  on  the  Rhine,  is  one  of  those  remarkable  cities 
that  have  witnessed  every  fashion  of  human  life,  and  every 
form  of  worldly  power.     Founded  by  ancient  Rome,  and 

10  nursed  by  modern  Rome,  it  owes  its  first  existence  to  the 
mother  of  Xero,  and  its  first  Christianity  to  the  mother  of 
Constantine.  It  has  been  the  seat  of  pagan  institutions, 
the  arena  of  Christian  martyrs,  the  stronghold  of  religious 
dominion,  the  pattern  of  municipal  independence,  the  store- 

15  house  of  useful  commerce,  and  the  birthplace  of  fine  arts. 
It  contains  within  its  walls  progressive  specimens  of  every 
style  of  architecture.  It  has  seen  the  deeds  of  the  hero  of 
the  Nibelungen.^  It  was  the  home  of  Albertus  Magnus,  the 
philosopher;  the  abode  of  Thomas  Aquinas,  the  saint;  the 

20  tomb  of  Duns  Scotus;  the  resort  of  Petrarch.  It  waged  its 
own  wars,  coined  its  own  mark,  and  fixed  its  own  measure. 
It  revered  the  most  absolute  sovereigns,  and  asserted  the 
most^  republican  rights.  It  stood  highest  as  an  archi- 
episcopal  diocese,  and  foremost  in  the  Hanseatic  League. 

25  Its  prelates  sent  embassies  to  England,  and  its  merchants 
had  a  guild  of  their  own^  in  London.  Kings  from  the  far 
West  came  to  worship^  within  its  walls  at  the  shrine  of  the 

1  into,  ju.  *  i.e.  Siegfrieb. 

2  of  to-day,  adj.,  ^eutig.  ^  most,  meitge^etibften. 

3  declared,  aufgerufen  jum  ...         ^  guild  of  their  own=their  own  guild. 

7  to  ivorship=in  order  to  worship. 


94  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

kings  from  the  far  East.  It  attracted  students  from  Iceland 
because  of  its  learning,  and  supplied  Poland  with  abbots 
because  of  its  piety.  It  developed  a  school  of  architects, 
whose   recommendation,   the   world   over,^   was^   that   they 

5  came  from  Cologne;  and  a  school  of  artists,  of  whom  noth- 
ing more^  is  known  than  that  they  belonged  to  Cologne.  It 
had  a  native  patois  of  its  own,''  and  a  distinctive  physiog- 
nomy of  its  own,^  and  has  both  still. 

To  one  thing  the  city  of  Cologne  has  been  resolutely  and 

lo  uninterruptedly  true  —  to  her  attachment  to  the  Roman 
church.  She  may  well^  be  called  the  Rome  of  the  North. 
She  has  seen  almost  as  many  archbishops  as  Rome  [has] 
popes.  A  hundred  and  thirty-seven  churches  and  remains 
of  churches  still  cover  her  territory,  and  tradition  reports 

15  them  to  have  been^  once  as  many  as  [there  are]  days  in  the 
year.  Her  ancient  devotion  deserves  that  she  should  have 
the  noblest  Gothic  cathedral  in  the  world. 

This  famous  cathedral  is  the  third  metropolitan  church 
that  Cologne  has  known.     The  second  w^as  founded  in  784, 

20  by  Hildebold,  (the)  nineteenth  bishop,  and,  it  is  believed,^ 
first^  archbishop,  of  whom  the  Cologne  chronicle  gives  the 
following  curious  history: 

"On^  the  death  of  Bishop  Riccolphus  [there]  arose  a  great 
dispute  among  the  chapter  as  to^^  the  choice  of  a  new  bishop; 

25  at  last,  it  reached  the  ears  of  the  Kaiser  Karl  at  Aix-la- 
Chapelle.     He  therefore  took  horse  and  rode  toward  Cologne, 

1  the  world  over,  blirrf)  btc  ganjC  SBcIt.  ^  fir st= the  first. 

2  was,  barin  beftanb.  »  On,  ^\a<i). 

3  more,  h)citcr.  '«  as  to,  in  bcjug  auf  (w.  arc  ). 
*  native  patois  of  its  own^its  own  native  patois. 

6  well,  mit  9?cd)t;  may,  fann. 

^  them,  to  have  heen=that  they  have  been  .  .  . 

'  it  is  helieved=as  one  (man)  believes. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  95 

in  order  to  settle  their  diiTerences.  In  the  wood  near  the  city 
he  heard  a  bell,  and  entered  a  small  chapel  where  mass  ^  was 
going  on.  The  Kaiser  was  attired  like  a  hunter,  with  a  horn, 
and  carried  a  knife  at  his  side.  After  he  had  hearrl  mass,^ 
5  he  laid  a  gulden  on  the  altar.  The  priest,  Hildebold  by 
name,  took  it  up,  and  not  knowing  the  Kaiser,  said  to  him: 
'Friend,  take  back  your^  gulden;  we  do  not  offer  gold  here.' 
Then  the  Kaiser  said:  'Sir!  keep  the  money;  I  give  it  to  you^ 
with  [a]  willing  heart. '^     But  Hildebold  would  not  accept  it, 

10  and  continued:  'I  see  that  you  are  a  hunter;  do  me  this 
service,  therefore,  and  send  me  the  hide  of  the  first  doe  that 
you  kill,  for'*  a  covering  for  my  books.  But  take  back  your 
gulden!'  When  the  Kaiser  perceived  the  open,  honest 
speech  of   the   priest,  he   asked  the  bystanders  about  his 

15  life,  and  heard  that  he  was^  a  very  upright  man.  Then 
the  Kaiser  rode  on  into^  Cologne,  and  inquired  into  the 
cause  of  the  dispute,  and  finding^  the  chapter  could  not 
agree,  he  declared  to  them  that  he  would  himself  choose 
their    bishop;    whereupon    he    called    priest    Hildebold    to 

20  Cologne,  and  presented  him  to  the  chapter." 

The  edifice  founded  by  this  holy  man  seems  not  to  have 
been  finished  in  less  than  ninety  years.  It  was,  we  read,^ 
consecrated  by  the  prelate  third  in  succession  from  him,^ 
in  873.     In  1089  the  cathedral  took  fire,  and  its  total  destruc- 

25  tion  seemed  inevitable,  when  the  bones  of  Saint  Cunibert 
wTre  hastily  brought,  and  the  flames  immediately  subsided. 
But  in  1248  it  again  took  fire,  and  burned  to  the  ground. 
There  w-as  now  great  need  for  a  new  cathedral,  not  only 

^  Add  def.  art.  s  Present  subjunctive. 

2  your,  (guer;  you,  ^^x.  «  into,  nac^. 

^with  .  .  .  heart,  adv.  gen.  ^  finding,  39c;  add  ha^. 

'^  Jor,  gu.  8  we  read=so  we  read. 

^  by  the  .  .  .  hini=hy  the  third  prelate  after  him. 


96  GERMAN   PROSE  COMPOSITION 

(in  order)  to  replace  the  old  one,  but  to  receive  a  treasure, 
which,  more  than  any  other  cause,  has  contributed  to  the 
glory  of  Cologne.  This  consisted  in  the  bones  of  the  three 
wise  men  from  the  East,^  which  were  taken  as  booty  at^  the 
5  siege  of  Milan  by  Frederick  Barbarossa.  This  was  con- 
sidered one  of  the  greatest  triumphs  ^he  achieved.  These 
were  presented  by  him  to  the  city  of  Cologne,  and  demanded 
the  costliest  edifice  that  man  could  raise. 

On  the  14th  of  August,  1248,  Archbishop  Conrad  laid  the 

10  first  stone  of  the  present  cathedral.  There''  were  present 
on'^  the  occasion  the  papal  legate,  many  bishops,  dukes,  and 
counts,  with^  William  of  Holland  and  the  flower  of  his  army. 
The  great  and  gifted  man  who  conceived  the  plan  in  all  its 
harmonious  entirety  left^  not  a  letter  to  telP  his  name.    Since 

15  that  day,  six  centuries  have  rolled  a  veil  over  it,  which  it 
seems  hopeless  to  attempt  to  lift. 

William  of  Holland  died  in  1257,  and  Richard  of  Corn- 
wall, brother  of  Henry  III  of  England,  became  a  valuable 
patron  through  his  munificent  gifts  to^  the  archbishop. 

20  The  shrine  of  the  Three  Kings,  which  the  walls  of 
the  cathedral  were  destined  to  inclose,  brought  many  gifts 
which  made  the  rebuilding  possible.  The  Three  Kings  were 
especially  the  patron  saints  of  travel  —  that  is,^^  [of]  what 
was  almost  the  only  travel  of  those  days  —  of  pilgrimage. 

25  Their  fame  was  at  its  zenith  at  the  time  of  the  crusades. 
Thus  Cologne  was  visited  by  crowds  who  considered  a 
prayer  and  an  offering  at*^  this  shrine  as  the  first  step 
on  their  journey  to  Palestine. 

*  the  three  .  .  .  East,  bic  l^eiligen  brei  Könige.     '  leave,  l^intcrlaffcn  (ic,  a). 

2  at,  bei.  s  tell,  mclbcn. 

3  17-  •'  to,  an  (w.  ace-.). 

<  There,  (So.  lo  that  is,  baö  Ijcifet. 

'^0}t,  bei.  ß  with,  [amt  (<lat.).  "  at,  nil  (w.  (Jut.). 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  97 

Nevertheless,  the  building  made  but  slow  progress.  The 
beautiful  choir  rose  gradually,  and  on  the  27th  of  September, 
1322,  stood ^  ready  for  consecration.  This  was  a  great  occa- 
sion, and  Cologne  was  filled  with  ecclesiastical  and  secular 
5  dignitaries.  [It  was]  not  till-  1437,  almost  two  hundred 
years  after  the  date  of  foundation,  [that]  the  southern  tower 
was  completed. 

From  1509  to^  1824  the  cathedral   stood^  in  this  incom- 
plete form.     In  1824  the  long-needed  repairs  were  at  length 

10  begun,  and  the  consecration  of  the  second  foundation  stone 
of  the  cathedral  took  place  on  the  4th  of  September,  1842. 
Just  six  hundred  years  had  elapsed  since  all^  Cologne  had 
assembled  on  this  same  spot  for^  a  similar  purpose.  The 
two  towers  were  completed  on  the  14th  of  August,  1880,  and 

15  until  1890,  when  the  tower  of  the  cathedral  of  Ulm  was  fin- 
ished, were  the  tallest  church  towers,  not  alone  of  Europe,  but 
of  the  entire  world.  Yet  grace  is  mingled  with  their  majesty, 
and  they  soar  upward  like  some  great  heavenward  aspiration 
wrought  in  stone. '^     The  bells  whose  mighty  melodies  can 

20  be  heard  so  far^  are  numbered  also  among  the  largest  in 
Europe,  and  the  great  Kaiserglocke,  which  weighs  twxnty- 
seven  tons,  was  cast  from^  twenty- two  bronze  cannon ^^ 
taken^  in  the  Franco-German  war. 

From  the  towers  of  the  cathedral  one  has  not  only  a 

25  wonderful  view  of^^  the  Rhine,  the  city  and  its  fortifica- 
tions, and  the  Seven  Mountains,  but  here  also  one  gains  an 
adequate  conception  of^^  the  vastness  of  the  building,  the 

1  stood,  \QQX.  ^  40a. 

2  iiot  till,  er[t.  8  can  .  .  .far,  [0  rt)eitf)in  ju  l^ören  finb. 

3  to,  bio.  ^  from,  auö. 

4  stood,  blieb  [tc^en.  1°  Plural. 

5  all,  ganj.  "  of,  auf  (w.  ace). 
6 /or,  5U.  ^2  of,  üon. 


98  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

wonderful  harmony  and  congruity  of  its  proportions,  and 
the  endless  detail  of  its  ornamentation.  And  here  may  be 
read^  the  inscription  on  the  great  Kaiserglocke : 

I'm  called  the  emperor's  bell; 
5  The  emperor's  praise  I  tell; 

On  holy  guard  I  stand, 
And  for  the  German  land 
Beseech  that  God  may  please^ 
To  grant  it  peace  and  ease. 

From  the  German,  by  K.  Simrock. 

71.    The  Iron  City  [of]  Essen 

10  There  is  no  industrial  center  whose  development  can  be 
studied  with  greater  profit  than  that  of  Essen,  the  seat  of 
the  great  iron  and  steel  works  of  Frederick  Krupp.  The 
business  [of]  Krupp  was  founded  in  18 10,  before  the  age 
of  steep  had  fairly  begun,  and  its  career  presents  a  type  of 

15  the  development  of  modern  industry  during  the  nineteenth 
century.  In  the  beginning  only  a  small  shop,  employing^ 
scarcely  a  dozen  workingmen,  it  has  increased,  at  first  slowly, 
and  then  by  leaps  and  bounds,  to  its  present  huge  propor- 
tions —  the  largest  single   manufacturing  establishment   in 

20  the  world. 

The  village  [of]  Essen  was  in  existence  previous  to  the 
founding  of  the  Krupp  works.  After  a  slow  development, 
during  at  least  a  thousand  years,  Essen,  at  the  beginning^ 
of  the  last  century,  was  a  small  agricultural  town  of  not  over 

25  three  thousand  inhabitants.  The  cultivation  of  the  soil  was 
almost  the  only  industry. 

The  history  of  the  great  iron  and  steel  works  of  Krupp 
is   but  a  repetition   of   that  of   the  district    in  which   they 

'  may  he  read^one  may  read;  may,  fami.        •'  of  steel,  gen.  \v.  dcf.  art, 
2  that  .  .  .  please=that  it  may  please  God.        *  39b. 
0  at  the  beginning,  ju  iöcginn. 


1 


I 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  99 

are  situated.  Founded  in  1810,  for  nearly  forty  years  the 
establishment  progressed  in  the  most  leisurely  manner.  In 
1848,  after  an  existence  of  thirty-eight  years,  it  employed 
but  72  workingmen.  From  that  date/  however,  to-  the 
5  present  time  its  development  has  been  without  a  parallel 
in  industrial  annals.^  The  total  number  of  employees  and 
their  families  reached  in  1888  the  large  number  of  73,769, 
and  in  1892,  85,591,  all  dependent  upon  this  single  manu- 
facturing concern.     It  operates  hundreds  of  engines,  fur- 

10  naces,  and  foundries,  many  great  coal  and  iron  mines, 
besides  a  railway  system  employing  more  than  sixty  loco- 
motives.    The  establishment  constituties  a  state  in  itself.'' 

Naturally  such  a  rapid  increase  in^  population  introduced 
a  number  of  evils.     The  greatest  of  these  was  [that  of]  in- 

15  sufficient  housing.  The  price  of  land  and  the  rent  of  houses 
went  up  enormously.  The  crowding  together  gave  rise  to 
unsanitary  conditions,  so  that  in  one  street  the  death  rate 
was^  4.24  per  cent,  while  the  average  for  all  Essen  was®  but 
3.41.     The  second  result  of  this  increase  in^  population  was 

20  the  great  rise  in  the  price  of  all  commodities  consumed  by 
workingmen. 

These  evils  the  firm  [of]  Krupp  sought  to  remove.  It  built 
extensive  colonies  of  homes^  which  were  to^  be  rented  or  sold 
on  easy  terms  to  their  employees,  and  it  established  a  vast 

25  system  of  cooperative  stores.  To  these  two  institutions  was 
joined  a  whole  system  of  institutions,  the  object  of  which^ 
was  to  provide  assistance  to  the  workingmen  in  times  of^° 
special  need.    There  are,  for  example,  separate  funds  for  the 

1  Add  an.  ^  -was,  betrug. 

2  to,  bio  5U.  7  homes,  2Bof)nf)äu[er. 

3  Add  def.  art.  «  26a. 

*  in  itself,  für  fic^.  ^  the  object  of  ivhich=of  which  (gen.)  the  object. 

«  in,  gen.  w.  def.  art.       ^o  Genitive,  without  article. 


lOO  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

insurance  of  the  employees  against  sickness  and  accident, 
pension  funds  for  old  employees,  provision  of  facilities  for 
life  insurance,  of  savings  institutions,  etc.  Primary  and 
secondary  schools  were  provided,  also  industrial  schools  for 

5  boys,  and  housekeeping  and  cooking  schools  for  girls. 

The  first  tenement  houses  for  working  people  were  con- 
structed in  1861-1862.  The  largest  of  the  many  colonies 
now  in  existence^  is  called  Cronenberg;  a  brief  description 
of  this  one  will  suffice  for  all.     It  covers  over  fifty  acres  and, 

10  according  to  the  census  of  1900,  has  a  population  of  8815. 
In  this  colony  are  located  dwellings  for  several  officials 
and  school-teachers  connected-  with  the  works,  also  a  par- 
sonage, two  school  buildings,  a  Protestant  church,  several 
branches  of  the  cooperative  store,  an  apothecary  shop,  a 

15  post-office,  a  market-place  over  three  fourths  [of  an]  acre  in 
size,^  a  restaurant,  with  bowling-alleys,  etc.,  and  a  library 
with  a  large  hall  for  workingmen's  meetings.  The  annual 
rent  is''  from  $14.28  for  a  four-room  house  to^  S78.54  for 
one  of®  ten  rooms  and  cellar.     Other  colonies  are  adorned 

20  with  beautiful  parks,  and  in  all  of  them  the  best  sanitation 
and  [an]  ample  supply  of  pure^  water  are  provided.® 

The  firm  found  it  very  desirable  to  make  some  provision 
for  the  housing  of  its  unmarried  employees.  Since  1893 
Mr.  Krupp  has  erected  a  number  of  small,  compact  houses 

25  specially  constructed  for  the  accommodation  each  of^  thirty 
unmarried  men.  The  idea  was  to  provide  a  dwelling-house 
that  can  be  taken*^  by  thirty  men  who  run  it  as  a  sort  of  club 
house,  and  share  the  expenses.     The  house  contains  three 

J  now  in  existence,  jc^t  be[tef)Cnb  (adj.)-         ''  of,  mit. 

2  39b  or  40a.  "  pure,  gut. 

3  in  size,  ßVO^.  ^  provided,  öorgcfcfjn. 
*  is,  beträgt.  "  each  of,  öüu  je. 

6  to,  biö  ju.  '"  take,  mieten. 


INTERMEDIATE  A^Tp/ AÖVASMpE-j) !  \  /  .'•.:     .'.'•lOI 

Stories.  On*  the  ground  floor  arc-  the  dining-room  and  the 
kitchen.  There  are  reading  and  studying  rooms/  dressing- 
rooms,  bathrooms,  etc.  Part  of  the  rooms  are  furnished 
with  one  bed,   and  part  with  two  beds.     The  rooms   are 

5  cheerful,  and  contain  a  bed,  a  bureau,  a  wardrobe,  a  table, 
and  chairs.  In  the  writing-rooms  each  member  has  a  special 
drawer  provided*  with  lock  and  key.  The  rent  is"^  $2.38  per° 
month  for  those  occupying*  rooms  with  one  bed,  and  for 
those  with  two  beds  Si. 90.     The  meals  cost  only  29}  cents 

lo  for  each  member  per^  day. 

At^  the  works  provision  is  made  to  furnish  coffee  and  rolls 
at  a  minimum  cost.  A  cup  of  coffee  with  sugar  and  a  roll  is 
furnished  for  i§  cents.  Several  eating-houses  with  gardens 
are  also  provided  for  workingmen  who  live  too  far  to  return^ 

15  home  for^  meals. 

It  is  especially  worth  mentioning*^  that  bathing  facilities 
have  been  provided  for  employees  to**  an  unusual  extent. 

It  would  be  almost  impossible  to  describe  the  manifold 
ways  in  which  the  firm  evinces  its  solicitude  for  the  perma- 

20  nent  welfare  of  its  employees,  in  addition  to  the  ways  already 
described.  Contributions  are  made  to  almost  every  institution 
which  has  for  its  object*-  the  elevation  of  the  working  classes. 

W.  F.  Willoughby. 
72.    German  Universities^^ 

The  immediate  purpose  of  the  German  Universities  is  the 
giving   of   instruction,    although   University   professors   are 

^  On,  3n.  *  to  return=in  order  to  return. 

2  are,  befinben  fid^.  ^for,  ju;  add  def.  art. 

3  reading  and  studying  rooms,  ?efe==  UTib  Stubier^immer. 

"  39b  or  40a.  10  worth  jnentioning,  erlrä^nenÖtDCrt. 

«  is,  beträgt.  "  to,  in. 

^  per,  ben.  "/or  its  object,  jum  S^cU- 

7  Ai,  2tuf.  13  Add  def.  art. 


I02  ger:jan  prose  composition 

expected^  to  contribute  towards  further  progress  in  knowl- 
edge. The  learned  professions  for-  which  the  Universities 
prepare  according  to  old  tradition,  are  Theology,  Juris- 
prudence, and  Medicine,  and  in  these  three  branches  instruc- 

5  tion  is  given  by  the  three  corresponding  ''faculties,"  which 
were  once  designated  the  "upper"  faculties.  Besides  these, 
there  also  exists^  a  philosophical  faculty  which  —  called 
originally  faculty  of  arts  (5{rtiftenfaMtät)  —  had  the  task  of 
preparing''  students  for  (the)  entrance  to'^  the  upper  faculties. 

lo  At  the  present  day,^  however,  the  range  of  learning  of  the 
philosophical  faculty  embraces  the  entire  field  of  studies 
which  lies  beyond  the  range ^  of  the  above-mentioned  prac- 
tical professions.  The  philosophical  faculty,  in  turn,  has 
also  become  a  preparatory  institution  for  certain  branches 

15  of  the  professions  which  have  developed  independently  in 
recent  years.  Such,^  for  example,  is  the  preparation  for 
teaching  in  the  higher  schools,  in  languages,  mathematics, 
and  natural  sciences;  for  positions  in  technical  branches 
such  as  chemistry,  agriculture,  forestry,  and  for  positions  in 

20  the  civil  service  requiring^  a  special  preliminary  training  in 
political  economy  and  science.  Besides  this,  however,  the 
students  belonging^  to  other  faculties  find  in  the  philosoph- 
ical faculty  the  necessary  auxiliary  instruction  for  their 
professions.     Medical  students,  in  particular,  receive   their 

25  training  in  natural  sciences  in  this  faculty.  Owing  to  the 
unusually  wide  field  covered  by  the  philosophical  faculty, 
one  can  understand  why  [it  is  that]  it  requires  in  itself*^  the 

1  are  ex pected=  although  one  expects  that  .  .  .  contribute,  etc. 

2 /or,  Quf  (w.  ace). 

3  there  .  .  .  exists,  c8  flibt.  ^  beyond  the  range,  niifecr  bcm  SQcrcic^e. 

"  of  pre  par  in  g=  to  prepare.  «  Such  is,  T'iVf^n  gcl)ört. 

^  to,  in  (w.  ace).  ^39b. 

'^  At  the  present  day,  ^cutjutage.     '"  in  itself,  für  \id)  adciu. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  IO3 

services  of  more  professors  than  all  the  other  faculties  to- 
gether. At  some  universities,  therefore,  it  has  been  con- 
sidered^ desirable  to  split  up  this  faculty  into  two  branches, 
a  historical-philosophical  and  a  mathematical-natural  science 

5  faculty.  The  former  has  kept  the  title  ''philosophical." 
At  other  Universities  two  sections  have  been  formed  which 
have  only  certain  points  in  common.  At  Tübingen  there 
is  also  a  special  political  science  faculty,  and  in  Munich  a 
special  political-economic  faculty. 

10  The  principal  representative  of  the  University  is  the 
Rector,  who  is  elected  for^  one  year  by  the  regular  pro- 
fessors (at  some  Universities  by  all  the  professors).  His 
appointment  is  subject  to  the  sovereign's  approval.  The 
business^  of  the  various  faculties  is  transacted  by  the  Deans, 

15  who  are  also  elected  by  the  regular  professors  of  each  faculty 
for-  one  year.  The  body  of  instructors  consists  of  regular 
professors,  "extraordinary"  professors,  and  "private  do- 
cents."  Besides  these,  there  are  the  lecturers  and  assist- 
ants.    The  students  matriculate  at^  the  University,  and  are 

20  enrolled  in  one  of  the  faculties.  Only  those  can  obtain  the 
full  rights  of  matriculation  who  have  certificates  of  gradu- 
ation from  one  of  the  higher  educational  establishments 
("Gymnasium,"  "Realgymnasium,"  "Ober-Realschule"). 
Foreigners   have   to   produce    a   certificate    of   correspond- 

25  ing  standard.  Students  can  also  be  enrolled  in  the  phil- 
osophical faculty  under  less  strict  conditions  by  means  of 
the  so-called  "small  matriculation."  Besides,  "hearers"  are 
admitted  in  certain  courses.  Female  students,  up  to  the 
present,  have  been  allowed  to  matriculate  only  at  certain 

30  Universities,   provided    that   they   have   the    proper   certifi- 

i  Use  active  with  man.  ^  The  business,  plur. 

-  for,  auf  (w.  ace.)-  *  at,  auf. 


I04  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

cates.     The  majority  of   Universities  admit  them  only  as 
"hearers." 

All  the  faculties  confer  the  degree  of  doctor  under  cer- 
tain conditions,  and  the  theological  faculties^  also  confer  the 
5  lower  degree  [of]  "Licentiate."  The  securing  of  a  degree 
is,  however,  not  the  practical  aim  of  a  person  studying  at 
the  University,^  for  no  State  privilege  is  connected  with  it. 
Besides  the  purely  academical  examinations  for  the  degree 
of  doctor,  there  are  also  State  examinations  for  the  principal 

lo  professions,  and  ecclesiastical  examinations  for  the  theological 
faculty.  In  order  to  be  admitted  to  the  theological,  legal,  or 
higher  grade  teachers'  examinations,^  it  is  necessary  to  pur- 
sue a  course  of  study  of  at  least  three  years  as  [a]  fully"*  ma- 
triculated student.     For  the  medical  profession  the  period 

15  of^  study  has  been  lengthened  to*^  five  years. 

73.   The  Technical  High  Schools  of  the  German  Empire 

In^  1 8 13  and  181 5,  after  the  struggles  in  which  the  Ger- 
man States  had  regained  their  independence,  the  economical 
condition  of  Germany  had  fallen  to^  the  lowest  ebb.^  At 
the  same  time,  in  England  the  steam-engine  had  begun  its 
20  triumphal  progress  by^°  opening  up  that  country's  riches  of 
iron  and  coal.^^  At  that  time,  the  German  States  had  only 
a  sparse  population  which,  owing  to  the  undeveloped  state  of 

*  Singular. 

2  a  person  stiidyhig  at  the  University,  bcr  auf  bcr  Uniöcrfität  (2tubicrcnbc. 

3  higher  .  .  .  examinations,  "iprüfuiigcu  für  ha^  ^öl)crc  I'c^rfac^. 

*  fully,  bollgültig. 

fi  of,  gen.  w.  def.  art.  "  coal,  plur. 

^  to,  auf  (w.  ace). 
7  In,  3n  ben  3a()rcn. 
«/a//  to,  finfcn  (a,  u)  auf  (w.  ace). 
»  ebb,  bcr  %^unft. 
'°  Render  by  opening  .  .  .  coal  by  a  dependent  clause  with  iubcni. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  I05 

commercial   industry,   derived    a   naturally   limited   income 
from^  agricultural  pursuits. 

It  was  recognized^  that  Germany  could  be  raised  econom- 
ically only  by  the  expansion  of  her  industrial  activity.  Two 
5  ways  led  to  this  end^  —  the  practical,  taken^  by  pioneers  like 
Krupp,  Siemens,  and  Borsig,  working''  quietly  but  uninter- 
ruptedly to  replace  the  former  handicrafts  by  an  organized 
industry;  and  the  theoretical  way  adopted"  by  the  govern- 
ments, which  placed  industry  on  a  scientific  basis  by  the 

10  founding  of  technical  schools.     That  permanent  progress  in 
competition  with  other  countries  could  be  made  only  on  such 
a  foundation  is  proved  by  the  recent  developments  in  techni- 
cal chemistry  and  electricity  and  engineering  in  Germany. 
The  beginnings  of  the  German  Technical  High  Schools 

15  were  not  surrounded  by  the  festive  splendor  which  shed  such 
bright  light  on  the  founding  of  the  universities.  Almost  all 
the  technical  schools,  out  of  which  the  present  Technical 
High  Schools  have  risen,  were  originally  "middle-class 
schools";  and  only  when  they  had,  by  continuous  effort, 

20  gained  an  important  position,  did  they  obtain  the  charter  of 
a  "High  School"  in  the  second  half  of  the  nineteenth  century. 
The  origin  of  the  Technical  High  School  of^  Berlin  is  marked 
by  the  fact  that  it  grew  out  of  the  union  of  the  Architectural 
School  (founded  1799)  and  the  Commercial  Academy  (1821). 

25  The  aim  of  the  Technical  High  Schools  is  clearly  expressed 
in  the  first  sentence  of  the  statutes  of  the  Technical  High 
School  of  BerHn:  "The  aim  of  the  Technical  High  School  is 
to  afford  a  higher  education  for  the  technical  professions 
in  the  civil  and  public  service  and  in  the  commercial  trades, 

^  from,  aiiiS.  •*  take,  rDiü)(cu.  ^  39b;  add  baran. 

-  It  was  recognized^  0)16  (3J?an)  recognized.  *^  adopted,  angelüanbt. 

3  the  end,  bag  3^^^-  ^  ^/'  h^- 


Io6  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

as  well^  as-  to  cultivate  Arts  and  Sciences  in  so  far  as  they 
come  under  the  head  of  technical  instruction." 

Both  teaching  and  independent  scientific  research  are 
therefore  aimed  at;  the  lecture-halls,  drawing-halls,  and  lab- 
5  oratories  serve  for  teaching  purposes,^  while  in  the  labora- 
tories scientific  research  is  also  prosecuted. 

Each  Technical  High  School  has  departments  for  separate 
studies,  and  in  each  are  divisions  for  architecture,  building, 
engineering,  chemistry  and  mining,  natural  sciences,  and 
lo  mathematics.  Besides  these,  some  schools  have  special  de- 
partments, as  Berhn  and  Danzig,  for  ship-building;  Karls- 
ruhe, for  forestry;  Munich,  for  agriculture;  and  Brunswick, 
for  pharmacy. 

The  division  into  separate  departments  guarantees  a 
15  greater  thoroughness  of  instruction,  while  the  union  of  the 
Heads  of  Departments  in  the  Senate  secures  a  united  intel- 
lectual aim. 

Adapted  from  the  official  catalogue  of  the  German  Empire 
at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition,  1904. 

74.    German  Art 

German  art  lived  and  flourished  during  the  nineteenth 
century  under  different  conditions  from^  those  which  pre- 

20  vailed  in  France  and  England  at^  the  same  period.  [For] 
centuries,"  France  and  England  have  enjoyed  the  possession 
of  centers  of  national  life  which  attracted  the  majority  of 
the  productive  forces  of  both  countries.  Artists  and  men 
of  letters  who  entered  the  capital  found  in  it  their  intellec- 

25  tual  home,  and  felt  themselves   imbued  with   the  concen- 

»  as  well,  folDOl)!;  to  be  advanced  to  the  head  of  the  first  infinitive 
clause.  */rom,  im  SScrglcirf)  mit. 

2  as,  alö  auc^.  '*  ot,  in. 

^for  teaching  purposes,  jii  Uiitcrnd}t«jti)ecfen.       '•  Add  lang. 


I 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  I07 

trated  vital  energy  of  the  whole  nation.  Their  creations 
represented  not  only  their  most  ideal  aims,  but  were  further 
enhanced  by  the  collective  spiritual  force  of  their  country. 
In  Germany  no  such  center  of  national  artistic  life  was 
5  formed.^  There  was  not  a  single  town  in  which  all  artistic 
effort  w^as  concentrated,-  so  that  it  might  reach^  the  highest 
standard  by  constant  intercourse  and  emulation.  At  least 
a  dozen  towns,  large  and  small,  attempted,  independently  of 
each  other,  the  culture  of  the  fine  arts,  each  of  w^hich'*  en- 

10  deavored  to  find  complete  expression  for  the  artistic  power 
of  the  nation. 

The  natural  result  was  the  attainment  of  greater  variety, 
and  a  decrease  in  the  actual  quantity  of  production.'^  The 
art-cities  of  Germany,  on  account  of  the  variety  of  their 

15  characteristic  features,  differed  materially  at  the  beginning 
of  the  nineteenth  century.  These  old  birth-places  of  me- 
diaeval art  play  no  part  in  the  modern  artistic  movement. 

Between  the  bourgeois  culture  of  the  times  of  the  re- 
formers^ and  that  of  the  nineteenth  century,  we  find  a  period 

20  in  which  the  numerous  princes  of  Germany  collected  around 
them  the  vital  forces  of  their  territories.  If  we  wish  to  under- 
stand the  material  and  intellectual  condition  of  German  art 
in  the  nineteenth  century,  we  must^  not  forget  this  particular 
historical  development. 

25  In  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,^  the  prince, 
as  the  head  of  his  dominions,  comprised  within^  his  own 
person  the  whole  governing  power,  and  was  consequently 

1  was formed=formed  itself.  7  must,  biirfcTt. 

2  was  concentrated=  concentrated  itself.  s  centuries,  sing. 

3  might  reach=  could  have  reached.  ^  within,  in. 
^  each  of  which=of  which  (gen.)  each. 

^  of  production,  gen.  plur.;  add  def.  art. 

6  the  times  of  the  reformers,  bie  9tcformation^^eit. 


Io8  GERMAN  PROSE  COMPOSITION 

the  patron  of  arts  also.  But^  very  little  of  the  art  of  former 
times  was  left  after  the  Thirty  Years'  War.  The  artists 
who,  during  the  heyday  of  mediaeval  culture,  had  shaken 
themselves  free  from  the  common  professions,  had,  during  its 

5  decline,  fallen  back  on  the  formation  of  guilds,  from  whose 

restrictions  there  was  no  chance  of  escape^  without  exciting 

the  jealousy  and  conservatism  of  the  rest  of  the  members.^ 

Under  such  conditions  the  art  of  the  time  could  at  most 

meet  the  requirements  of  the  prince  and  ruler,  and  his  taste, 

lo  for  the  most  part,"  ran  rather  to  architecture  and  sculpture, 
than  painting.  Thus  those  princes  who  were  bent  upon 
adorning  their  palaces  and  churches  were  induced  to  engage 
foreign  artists,  and  this  was  the  origin  of  the  numerous 
schools  which  sprung  up  everywhere  in  Germany  during  the 

15  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries,^  and  were  organized 
strictly  on^  the  pattern  of  foreign  institutions  of  the  kind.^ 

What  was  taught  in  these  schools  was  not  the  residue  of 
the  old  bourgeois  culture,  but  came  from  abroad.  The  in- 
fluence of  the  courts  turned  the  eyes  of  German  art  towards 

20  Italy  and  the  Netherlands,  and  in  the  eighteenth  century 
towards  France.  Thus  the  essence  of  German  art  became 
a  redevelopment  of  French,  Italian,  and  Dutch  thought,^  and 
the  originators  of  this  development  were  as^  often  foreigners 
as  Germans.     The  result  was  that  in  painting  the  national 

25  inventive  power  was  suppressed,  while  in  architecture  and 
sculpture  it  developed  to^^  [a]  high  degree.  The  buildings  of" 

1  But,  Sk\xx. 

^from  .  .  .  escape,  bcrcn  33c[(^rtinfunQcn  [id)  niemanb  cntjiel^cn  fonntc. 

8  the  rest  of  the  memhcrs=the  rcmaini)ig  members. 

*for  the  most  part,  gröjjtcntcilö,  mciftcuö.  ^  thought,  plur.  of  ^bcc 

^  centuries,  sing.  ®  as,  cbcnfo. 

"  on,  nacf).  ^"  to,  in  (w.  dat.). 

7  of  the  kind,  gen.  "  of,  auö. 


INTERMEDIATE   AND   ADVANCED  lOQ 

Frederick  the  Great's  time,  the  architecture  of  Dresden,  the 
palaces  of  the  former  clerical  principalities  of  western  and 
southern  Germany,  Schliiter's  works,  and  the  smaller  por- 
celain pieces  are  all  proofs  of  this  independent  develop- 
5  ment  of  foreign  thought.^ 

It  need-  hardly  be  pointed  out  that  the  prince-patrons 
founded  their  schools  in  their  own  capitals,  and  not  in  those 
old  bourgeois  centers  which  had  been  the  seats  of  national 
life  during  the  previous  era.     These  capitals  which,  at  the 

lo  time  of  the  Reformation,  were  still  small  and  unimportant 
country  towns,  became  endowed  with  new  life  through  the 
prince  and  his  court;  the  plan  of  their  streets,  the  very^ 
facades  of  their  houses  were  designed  less  for  the  convenience 
of  the  inhabitants  than  for  the  adornment  of  the  "Capital 

15  and  Residence."^  In  order  to  understand  the  development 
of  German  art  in  the  nineteenth  century,  these  facts  must 
be  remembered.^ 

After  the  wars  of  the  Napoleonic  era,  the  middle  classes 
came  into^  greater  importance,  and  a  national  feeling  was 

20  born.^  The  old  bourgeois  centers  awoke  from^  their  long 
sleep,  and  in  the  second  half  of  the  century  their  financial 
power  again  surpassed  that  of  the  majority  of  the  "Resi- 

f.  dence-towns,"^  with  [the]  exception  of  Berlin.  Side  by  side 
with^^  such  commercial  centers  as  Nuremberg,  Augsburg, 

25  Frankfort,  Cologne,  Leipzig,  Hamburg,  and  Bremen,  new 
industrial  centers  in  Saxony  and  Westphaha  grew  up. 
The  academies  now  became  State  institutions,  and  their 

1  thought,  plur.  of  3^^^-  ^  '^'ö-J  horn=formed  itself. 

2  need,  braucht.  ^  from,  auä. 

3  the  very,  [elbft  bie  .  .  .  ^  '' Residence-towns,''  bie  Sfcfiben^ftäbtc 
L          •*  the  "Capital  and  Residence,''  bie  §aupt=  unb  DJefibenjl'tabt. 

p  5  these  .  .  .  remembered=one  must  remember  these  facts. 

6  into,  ju.  10  Side  bv  side  with,  9Mcn. 


no  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

number  was  increased  by^  several  new  ones  created  on^  the 
same  pattern.  The  majority  of  these  institutions  remained^ 
where  the  will  of  their  founders  had  established  them,  rarely 
where  they  were  most  required,  and  seldom  in  the  old  capitals 
5  of  national  life. 

This  is  the  reason  why^  Germany  became  possessed  of 
art  centers  where  art  was  taught  and  practiced  in  a  manner 
similar^  to  that  of^  the  smaller  German  universities. 

Among  the  art  schools  of  Germany,  the  first  place  must  be 

lo  accorded  to  Berhn,  the  capital  first^  of  North  Germany,  and 
later  of  the  whole  empire,  and  Munich,  the  capital  of  the 
South.  Next  to  these  come  Dresden,  Karlsruhe,  Stuttgart, 
Weimar,  and  Düsseldorf.  Frankfort-on-the-Main  and  Ham- 
burg, alone  of^  all  towns,  have  been  able  to  develop  a  char- 

15  acteristic  art  without  the  aid  of  an  academy. 

Munich  and  Berlin  are  as  different  from  each  other  as 
[are]  the  North  and  South  of  Germany,  as  Prussia  and 
Bavaria.  Munich  has  been  for  decades  the  art  capital  of 
Germany.     The  community  of  artists  there^  forms  almost 

20  a  state  within  a  state.  From  Munich  impulses  have  gone 
out  which  carried  all  Germany  with  them,  and  there  art  has 
found  close  contact  with  the  life  of  the  people.  ^^  For  Munich 
still  has  all  the  characteristic  features  of  the  capital  of  an 
agricultural  country.     Nowhere   in   Germany   has,   for  in- 

25  stance,  caricature  developed  so  early,  so  perfectly,  and  so 
universally  as  in  Munich,  and  nowhere  else  so  attractively, 
from  Kaulbach,  Schwind,  and  Spitzweg  down  to  the  greatest 

'  by,  urn.  ^  ihe  capital  first,  frül)cr  bic  .Vpaiiptftabt. 

2  on,  nac^.  s  alone  of,  a(8  cinjigc  unter  .  .  . 

^  Add  ha.  "  there,  adj.  bortig  to  modify  the  artists. 

^  why,  bafe.  '"  the  life  0/  the  people,  baö  iI>olfölcbcn. 

"  similar  =  which  was  similar. 

e  of,  an  (w.  dat,). 


INTERMEDIATE    AND   ADVANCED  III 

of  its  living  representatives,  Adolph  Oberländer.  In  Munich 
appear  the  most  important  of  the  German  comic  papers,  the 
older  Fliegejide  Blätter,  the  more  modern  Jugend  and  Sim- 
plicissinms.     Not  even  the  wit  of  Berlin,  in  spite  of  many 

5  attempts,  has  been  able  to  produce  anything  similar.^  The 
reason  of  this  singular  fact  is  that  the  Munich  artist  lives 
among  a  people  of  jocular  propensities.  We  must  remember 
the  peculiarities  of  the  Bavarian  race  if  we  wish  to  do  justice 
to  the  ^Munich  genre  painting,  the  principal  representative 

lo  of  which^  is  Defregger;  and  even  Leibl,  the  greatest  of  the 
Munich  painters  of  modern  times,^  is  a  true  Bavarian. 

Many  favorable  circumstances  have  been  at  work*  in  order 
to  produce  and  to  foster  this  predominance  of  art  in  Munich. 
Since  the  twenties^  of  the  last  century,  the  kings  of  Bavaria 

15  have  applied  themselves  enthusiastically  to  one  of  their  regal 
duties,  the  cultivation  of  art;  it  was  they^  who  planted  the 
seed  of  the  present  artistic  hfe  in  Bavaria.  The  erection  of 
the  Crystal  Palace  in  1854  had  a  great  influence  on  the  de- 
velopment of  exhibitions  and  the  art  trade  generally.     For 

20  decades^  the  exhibitions  at  Munich  were  the  leading  events 
in  the  art  of  all  Germany,  and  [it  has  been]  only  in  later 
years^  [that]  those  at  Berlin,  Dresden,  and  Düsseldorf  have 
reached  equal  importance. 

Artistic  life  in  Berlin  has  grown  very  much  more  slowly. 

25  Even  as  late  as  the^  beginning  of  the  eighties^*^  the  art  exhibi- 

1  Not  anything  similar,  ^li&ji^  :^i^n[ic^eö. 

^  the  .  .  .  of  which=of  -which  (gen.)  the  principal  representative. 

3  of  modern  ti)nes=  gen.  of  the  modern  time. 

*  have  .  .  .  work,  ^obcn  baju  mitgeroirft. 

5  the  twenties,  bie  jipangiger  Qai)xt. 

6  it  was  they,  fie  inaren  eö. 

'  For  decades,  ^a^xic^nU  ^inburc^. 

8  07ily  in  later  years,  er[t  in  ben  leisten  ^a^^en. 

9  Even  as  late  as  the,  (£ogar  no(^  ju.        ^^  the  eighties,  bie  ac^tjiger  ^a^vt. 


112  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

tions  of  Berlin^  were  of  but  small  importance.  Of  late  a 
great  change  has  taken  place  in  these  conditions,  and  Berlin 
is  becoming^  one  of  the  largest  centers  of  the  art  trade  on 
the  Continent.  The  architecture  of  Berlin^  and  its  sculpture 
5  have  become  predominant  throughout^  the  North  of  Ger- 
many. The  protection  of  the  present  Emperor  is  extended* 
chiefly  to  statuary.  Reinhold  Begas  of  Berlin  and  Schilling 
of  Dresden  may^  be  called  the  leading  monument  sculptors. 

Adapted  from  the  official  catalogue  of  the  German  Empire 
at  the  St.  Louis  Exposition,  1904. 

1  the  art  exhibitions  of  Berlin,  bie  Berliner  Äunftauöftelfungen. 

2  is  becoming,  i[t  im  begriffe .  .  .  ju  »erben. 
8  throughout,  burc^  ganj. 

*  is  extended  to,  befdjränft  \i6)  auf  (w.  ace). 

*  may,  fönnen. 


I 


PART    III  — DIGEST   OF   SYNTAX 
Punctuation 

1.  The  rules  for  punctuation  are  largely  the  same  as  in 
English.     A  few  exceptions  may  be  noted: 

a.  The  comma  is  used  to  set  off  subordinate  clauses:  3c^ 
glaube,  't!>Oi^  cr  rcc^t  ()at. 

h.  The  comma  is  used  to  set  off  infmitive  clauses  which 
are  the  equivalent  of  subordinate  clauses:  ^d)  fomme,  ifju  gu 
befuc()en. 

c.  A  comma  is  not  required  before  and  after  the  paren- 
thetical however,  altlwugh,  nevertheless,  etc.:  (Er  ift  jebod^  ein 
guter  ?el)rer. 

d.  In  ordinary  compounds  the  hyphen  is  not  used. 

e.  The  hyphen  takes  the  place  of  a  suppressed  member  of 
a  compound:  T)a  2id)U  uub  gn'iI)tingögott. 

/.  The  quotation  marks  are  „ — ":  „%{kx  5(ufaug  ift  fc^tner." 

The  Article 

2.  The  article  is  used  to  indicate  definiteness  in  a  noun. 
Therefore  nouns  that  stand  for  a  particular  object  or  group 
of  objects  or  ideas  take  the  article:  T)\t  Kleiber  gehören  ber 
9}hitter.    3Daö  ift  ber  ?e^rer. 

3.  On  the  other  hand,  nouns  that  express  a  general  idea 
do  not  ordinarily  take  the  article:  Äleiber  maif^eu  Seute.  (5r  ift 
Se^rer. 

4.  Proper  nouns  do  not  take  the  article,  because  they 
have  definiteness  in  themselves:  (Sruft  ift  eiu  guter  3unge. 

11^ 


114  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

a.  But  if  the  noun  is  limited  by  an  adjective  the  article 
is  used:  3)er  fleine  ürnft  ift  ein  guter  Änabe. 

5.  Abstract  nouns  ordinarily  take  no  article  when  their 
content  or  meaning  is  not  limited,  but  rather  general:  3lugenb 
beIot)nt  fid)  felbft.     "üoi  bricht  (Sifen. 

6.  They  take  the  article  when  their  content  or  meaning 
is  limited :  T)le  S^ugenb  ber  grau.     3)ie  9bt  ber  airmen. 

7.  Neuter  names  of  countries  take  no  article,  unless 
preceded  by  an  adjective:  Stallen,  ba^  fc^öne  I'anb.  ^a^ 
f(f)öne  Stallen. 

8.  The  article  with  abstract  nouns  in  headings  is  often 
omitted. 

9.  Where  there  is  an  enumeration  of  objects  belonging 
to  the  same  category  the  article  may  be  omitted,  also  in  set 
phrases  consisting  of  two  nouns  connected  by  and. 

10.  If  several  titles  preceded  by  an  article  stand  before  a 
name,  usually  only  the  first  title  is  inflected:  !^er  ^ol)n  beö 
^Relc^öfanslerö  gürft  53l^marc!. 

11.  The  titles  gllrft,  G)raf,  '^x'mi  are  uninflected  when 
used  without  the  article:  A  challenge  of  Prince  Bismarck, 
(5lne  gorberung  üon  giirft  ^l^marcf;  but  (Sine  gorberung  t»on 
bem  giirften  53lömarcf. 

12.  Names  of  seasons,  months,  weeks,  and  days  take  the 

article. 

The  Noun 

13.  After  nouns  of  measure  (number  and  weight)  the 
thing  measured  is  generally  not  inflected:  (Sin  (^loö  iBein. 
Sine  9)?enge  ?eute. 

a.  But  if  an  adjective  precedes  the  thing  measured,  the 
noun  is  inflected:  (Sin  (SM^  guten  '-llkiuö. 


I 


DIGEST   OF   SYNTAX  II5 

14.  A  proper  name  of  place,  country,  or  month  preceded 
by  a  common  noun  stands  in  apposition:  T)it  @tabt  §annoDcr. 
Xat^  Hönigreic^  Sac^fen.    Ter  5-^touat  3uni. 

The  Pronoun 

15.  Frequently  the  English  possessive  is  rendered  in 
German  by  the  article  when  no  doubt  as  to  the  possessor 
can  arise.  The  article  is  used  especially  when  speaking  of 
the  parts  of  the  body  or  of  clothing:  He  put  on  his  hat,  (Sr 
fc^te  ben  out  auf. 

16.  The  personal  and  demonstrative  pronouns  are  very 
seldom  used  with  a  preposition  when  they  refer  to  an  in- 
animate object.  For  the  pronoun  the  adverb  ba  (before 
a  vowel  bar)  combined  with  the  preposition  is  substituted: 
He  played  with  it,  (2r  fpielte  bamit.  I  have  no  time  for  it,  3c^ 
f)abe  feine  ^di  ba^u.  With  this  he  ivas  satisfied,  Tamit  iüar  er 
gufrieben. 

a.  For  the  relative  and  interrogative  pronouns  referring  to 
things,  IDO  (before  a  vowel  mor)  with  a  preposition  is  usually 
substituted:  Of  ivhat  are  you  talking?    2BoDon  fprec^en  Sie? 

17.  The  relative  pronoun  in  a  relative  clause  can  never 
be  omitted:  The  ansu'er  he  gave,  X)it  Slntmort,  treidle  er  gab. 

18.  The  demonstrative  bcr  or  berfelbe  is  substituted  for  the 
possessive  where  an  ambiguity  might  arise:  The  boy  took 
his  money  (i.e.,  someone  else's),  X)er  £nabe  nal^m  beffen  @elb. 

The  Genitive 

19.  The  genitive  is  frequently  employed  as  object  after 
verbs  of  remembering,  forgetting,  etc. :  3c^  erinnere  mic^  beffen. 

20.  It  is  often  used  in  an  adverbial  sense  to  denote  in- 
definite time:  Sine^  Xage^  ging  er  ^u  if)m. 


Il6  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

21.  To  denote  manner:  grollen  'JJtuteö  ging  er  nac^  vSpaufe. 

22.  To  denote  place:  ®e^e  bcincö  2Begeö. 

The  Dative 

23.  The  dative  is  frequently  used  to  point  out  the  per- 
son for  whose  advantage  or  disadvantage  something  is  done, 
where  the  English  uses  a  possessive  pronoun.  This  dative 
is  usually  called  the  dative  of  interest:  The  water  dripped  in 
his  face,  !l)aö  SBaffer  tröpfelte  i^m  Inö  ®c[i(f;t.  He  stroked  her 
cheeky  (Sr  ftreic^elte  it)r  bie  Sange. 

The  Accusative 

24.  The  accusative  is  used  to  express  definite  time  when  ? 

and  how  long?    Gr  fommt  biefen  SIbenb.     Go  baiicrte  nur  einen 

Sfugenblicf. 

The  Verb 

25.  The  present  tense  is  ordinarily  used  for  the  future 
whenever  the  time  is  clearly  evident  from  the  context:  / 
shall  go  to-day,  3c^  ge^e  ()eute. 

a.  The  present  tense  is  used  for  the  perfect  where  the 
action  continues  into  the  present  time:  Ever  since  he  lias 
been  happy,  ©eitbem  i|t  er  gtiicfUcf). 

26.  a.  Shall,  meaning  what  is  to  be,  is  foUen:  You  shall 
be  satisfied,  X)u  fodft  bcfriebigt  iuerben. 

b.  Shall  in  deliberate  questions  is  fotlen:  What  shall  we  do? 
SBaö  fotfen  n)ir  tun? 

c.  The  English  have  to,  denoting  necessity,  is  translated 
by  a  form  of  miiffen:  /  have  to  go,  3rf;  ^tuf^  ger)en. 

The  Passive 

27.  The  passive  voice  is  less  frequently  used  in  German 
than  in  English.     Other  expressions  arc  often  substituted. 


DIGEST   OF   SYNTAX  II7 

It  may  be  rendered  by  man  with  the  active:  Where  is  lie  to 
be  found?  ii>ü  faun  man  iljii  finbcii?  or  by  the  reilexive  form: 
//  is  to  be  understood,  (So  ücrftcljt  fid), 

a.  It  is  necessary  to  distinguish  between  the  real  passive 
and  the  apparent  passive.  In  the  real  passive,  action  is 
going  on  in  the  tense  employed.  The  auxiliary  iucrbeu  is 
used:  The  house  is  being  built,  Xae  «*5au^  mirb  gebaut.  The 
house  was  being  destroyed,  Ta^3  6pauö  murbe  3crfti)rt. 

b.  The  apparent  passive  represents  a  state  or  condition 
brought  about  by  previous  action.  The  auxiliary  fein  is 
used:  The  house  is  built,  Ta^  ^au^  ift  gebaut.  The  house  was 
destroyed,  Xa^$  §au^3  mar  jerftört. 

28.  Intransitive  verbs  may  at  times  be  used  in  the 
passive,  but  only  with  an  impersonal  subject:  Go  rourbe 
getankt,  There  was  dancing.  (Se  tüirb  gcflopft,  There  is  a 
knock. 

XoTE.  —  In  case  of  inversion  the  impersonal  pronoun  is  suppressed: 
2J?ir  iDurbc  geglaubt,  I  was  believed. 

The  Subjunctive 

29.  The  subjunctive  expresses  unreality,  doubt,  or  un- 
certainty regarding  the  facts  of  a  statement.  Therefore  it  is 
chiefly  used  in  conditions  contrary  to  fact:  ilBenn  er  nur  fame, 
tüäre  allcu  gut;  and  in  indirect  discourse  to  express  what  is 
said  or  reported  by  someone  else:  Gr  fagte,  hoc^  er  franf  fei. 
Thus  we  have  the  subjunctive  after  verbs  of  asking,  saying, 
thinking,  etc.,  in  the  principal  clause. 

a.  However,  if  the  indirect  statement  appears  as  a  fact, 
the  indicative  is  used:  ^6)  fagte,  "i^a^  er  franf  ift. 

b.  The  present,  the  future,  and  the  perfect  of  direct  state- 
ment remain  in  the  indirect,  but  the  preterit  in  the  direct 
becomes  a  perfect  tense  in  the  indirect  statement. 


Il8  GERMAN  PROSE   COMPOSITION 

Direct  Indirect 

3^  bin  flier.  ^^  ["^^1'    \  bafe  er  f)ier  fei. 

S^  lüerbe  Mer  fein.  J^ ,    /    [  bafe  er  ^ier  fein  merbe. 

^  (Srfagte,  ) 


3c^  h)ar  I)ier,  or  Gr  fagt, 

3(^  bin  l^ier  getüefen.  @r  fagte, 


bafeer  ^iergetnefenfei. 


c.  When  the  form  of  the  present  subjunctive  is  the  same 
as  that  of  the  present  indicative,  the  preterit  must  be 
used:  Gr  fagte,  ba^  fie  ©änfe  fatten  (instead  of  ^aben).  If 
the  perfect  subjunctive  is  the  same  as  the  perfect  indica- 
tive, the  pluperfect  subjunctive  is  used.  CEr  fagte,  bafe  fie 
®änfe  gel^abt  fatten. 

30.  If  the  dependent  clause  is  an  indirect  question,  the 
subjunctive  is  not  used  after  a  present  tense,  but  must  be 
used  after  the  past:  (Er  fragt,  ob  er  3U  §aufe  ift.  (Er  fragte,  ob 
er  ju  §aufe  fei  (or  toäre). 

31.  In  contrary  to  fact  sentences,  when  present  time  is 
to  be  expressed,  the  preterit  subjunctive  is  used  in  the 
condition  (the  if  clause),  and  the  preterit  subjunctive  or 
present  conditional  in  the  conclusion:  If  he  were  here,  I 
should  go,  Söäre  er  (^ier,  fo  ginge  id)  (or  ioiirbe  itf)  gcl)en).  To 
express  past  time,  the  pluperfect  subjunctive  is  used  in  the 
condition  and  the  pluperfect  subjunctive  or  past  conditional 
in  the  conclusion :  /  should  not  have  believed  it,  had  I  not  seen 
it,  3rf)  I)ätte  c^  nic()t  gcglanbt,  locnn  iif)  eö  nirf)t  gefeiten  r)ätte;  or 
^6)  mürbe  e^  nid^t  geglanbt  ()abcn,  .  .  . 

The  Infinitive 


32.    An  infmitivc  with  a  mochil  auxiliary  is  often  omitted 
if  it  can  readily  be  supplied:  (Er  miifj  fort.     (Er  fann  evJ  (tun) 


DIGEST   OF    SYNTAX  II9 

33.  The  infinitive  without  gu  is  used  after  modal  auxiliaries. 

34.  The  infinitive  without  ^u  is  also  used  after  fügten, 
l^ören,  Reiften,  lernen,  Iet)ren,  (äffen,  fe^jcn,  machen:  (Sr  ^örte  if)n 
fommcn.  (5r  (c^rte  i^n  (cfen.  The  king  has  had  tlie  castle 
destroyed,  Xcx  Siömc^  f)at  ba^i  Schloß  ^^crftören  laffen. 

35.  Generally  an  infinitive  with  .^u  cannot  be  used,  unless 
the  subject  of  the  infinitive  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  finite 
verb:  I  wish  tu  do  it,  3<^  münfc^e  eö  ju  tun;  but  /  wish  you  to 
do  it,  3<^  n)ünfc^e,  baf>  2ie  ec  tun. 

36.  Also  in  objective  indirect  questions  the  infinitive 
clause  must  be  changed  to  a  noun  clause:  They  asked  him 
wJiere  to  cast  their  nets^XdO  fie  bic  ^ld}C  auöraerfen  follten. 

37.  The  English  infinitive  phrase  am  going  to,  am  about  to, 
may  in  German  be  rendered  by  n)o(len,  with  the  adverb  eben, 
just,  or  by  im  begriff  fein:  /  was  about  to  go  home,  3c^  n)o((te 
eben  nac^  §aufe  ge^en  or  3c^  ^f^r  im  begriff  nad)  §aufe  5U  ge^en. 

The  Present  Participle 

38.  The  present  participle  is  used: 

a.  As  a  qualifying  adjective:  Xit  (iebenbe  Jrau.  A  woman 
loving  her  children,  (Eine  i^re  .^inber  uebenbe  grau. 

b.  As  a  noun  denoting  the  person  acting  at  the  time:  -Ter 
^Iebenbe,  The  speaker. 

c.  It  may  be  used  in  apposition:  2ie  fam  fingenb  in  ba^ 
3immer.  This  construction  ought  to  be  used  only  when 
the  action  of  the  participle  is  simultaneous  with  that  of  the 
finite  verb  and  the  content  of  the  participle  of  less  value  than 
that  of  the  finite  verb. 

XoTE.  —  This  construction  is  also  used  to  emphasize  the  quick  suc- 
cession of  two  actions:  Xieg  ^örenb,  ging  fie  fort.  !Dcn  öammer  fc^roingcnb, 
jermalmtc  er  beö  3Jie)cn  2c^äbc(. 


I20  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

39.  But  usually  the  participle  should  be  changed  to  an 
infinitive,  relative  clause,  adverbial  clause,  or  finite  verb. 

a.  Infinitive:  He  saw  the  dog  sleeping,  Gr  fa^  ben  ^unb 
fc^Iafen.  The  pleasure  of  hearing  him,  Taö  55crgnügen,  i^n  ju 
l^ören. 

h.  Relative  clause:  The  dog  sleeping  in  the  street,  Der  §unb, 
inelc^cr  auf  bcr  Strafte  frf)Ucf. 

c.  Adverbial  clause  of  time,  cause,  or  manner:  Seeing  him 
fall,  I  went  to  help  him,  5II6  ic^  il)n  falfcn  fal),  ging  ic^  i()m  ^,11 
l^elfen.  Seeing  his  master,  he  arose,  5((ö  (or  ba)  cr  feinen  §crrn 
fa(),  crI)ob  cr  fic^. 

d.  Finite  verb:  If  the  participial  idea  is  as  important  as 
that  of  the  finite  verb:  He  walked  away,  leaving  him  here, 
(5r  ging  fort  unb  liefe  i^n  ^ier. 

The  Perfect  Participle 

40.  The  perfect  participle  of  verbs  of  motion  is  used 
v^ith  fommen  as  the  equivalent  of  the  English  present  parti- 
ciple: He  came  running,  (5r  fam  gelaufen. 

a.  The  appositional  perfect  participle  precedes  the  noun 
as  qualifying  adjective:  He  sat  in  a  chair  covered  with  pillows, 
(Sr  faji  in  einem  mit  Riffen  bebecften  ^tul)le;  or  it  may  be  changed 
to  a  relative  clause:  (5r  fafe  in  einem  <Stut)(e,  bcr  mit  Riffen 
bcbecft  mar. 

Conjunctions,  Adverbs,  Pronominal  Adjectives 

41.  As  denoting  time  in  the  past  is  alö  and  iric:  .4^  /  went 
home  it  rained,  ?((ö  (or  mie)  icf)  nac^  A^aufe  ging,  regnete  e^. 

a.  As  denoting  reason  or  cause  is  ba:  ($r  fdjUift,  ba  er  miibe  iff. 

42.  a.  The  adverl)  than  of  a  comparison  denoting  sujk'- 
riority  is  at<5:  The  mother  is  more  beautiful  than  her  daughter, 
:l)ic  53tuttcr  ift  fdjoncr  aid  itjre  Xüd)ter. 


DIGEST   OF    SYNTAX  121 

b.  The  adverb  of  comparison  luic  denotes  equality:  Xu  bift 
iDic  cine  iMiimc. 

c.  When  fo  precedes  the  positive  the  following  as  may  be 
aU  or  mic:  (ir  ift  fo  gut  \mc  bu.     Gr  |d}rcibt  fo  gut  atcf  bu. 

43.  a.  The  conjunction  when,  referring  to  a  single  action 
or  event  in  the  past,  is  ai^:  Wlien  we  arrived  Jwme  he  was 
there,  5I(ö  mir  nacf)  §aufc  famen,  tpar  er  '^a. 

b.  When,  referring  to  present  or  future  time,  or  meaning 
whenever,  is  iDcun:  When  you  see  hint  tell  him  that,  SSeun 
(Bk  if)u  fcf)en,  fageu  ^ie  e^  i^m. 

e.  When  as  the  interrogative  adverb  is  rtiauu:  /  asked  him 
when  he  would  come,  3c^  fragte  if)u,  tr>aun  er  fommeu  tDoftte. 

44.  Wlaxvi)  is  usually  inflected  when  an  adjective  follows, 
but  is  not  inflected  before  eiu. 

45.  ^ie(,  much,  and  toenig,  little,  denoting  mere  quantity, 
are  uninflected  when  not  preceded  by  the  definite  article 
or  a  possessive. 

46.  (Solcf)  is  uninflected  when  it  precedes  eiu. 

47.  The  adverbial  force  of  a  preceding  clause  is  often 
resumed  by  means  of  the  adverb  fo,  placed  before  the 
main  verb. 

48.  5Iuc^  adds  generalizing  force  to  pronouns  and  adverbs. 
It  may  stand  before  or  after  the  word  to  be  made  prominent. 

49.  ^lo(^  conveys  the  idea  of  intensity  and  addition,  also 
that  of  continuance  of  time:  Twice  as  beautiful,  9toc^  eiumat  fo 
fc^öu.    The  weather  is  still  beautiful,  Xq'S  ©etter  ift  nod)  \d)ön. 

50.  The  particles  l^iu  and  ^er  are  used  to  denote  motion, 
and  may  be  compounded  with  verbs  and  prepositions:  ^iu= 
gietjcu,  ^erfommcu. 


122  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

51.  (Sonbcrn  is  used  after  a  negative,  and  introduces  a 

contrast. 

Prepositions 

52.  a.  Sfl(x6)  before  names  of  places  denotes  direction 
toward  without  regard  to  arrival:  (Sr  reift  narf)  Guropa. 

h.  5Iuf  with  the  accusative  denotes  motion  upward  and 
toward  a  surface:  (Sr  ging  auf  ben  SO^arft. 

c.  3tt  denotes  direction  of  motion  with  the  idea  of  arrival. 

d.  ^ei  expresses  nearness  to  an  object  in  a  general  way: 
^ie  @c§Iad)t  bei  Seipjig. 

e.  5Son  denotes  in  many  cases  starting-point  in  action  or 
thought:  Gr  gc(}t  üon  §auö  ^u  §auö.     (Er  benft  fdjlec^t  üon  mir. 

Word  Order 

53.  The  three  word  orders  differ  mainly  in  the  position  of 
the  personal  verb. 

54.  Principal  Sentence 

a.  Normal  order :  Subject  —  Personal  verb. 
h.  Inverted  order:  Personal  verb  —  Subject. 

Dependent  Sentence 
c.  Transposed  order:  Subject  —  Modihers — Personal  verb 
at  the  end. 

55.  Inversion  in  principal  sentences  is  caused  when  an 
adjunct  of  the  predicate  is  placed  at  the  beginning  of  the 
sentence:  ^alb  gci)c  id)  nacf)  .*oaufc. 

a.  The  conjunctions  imb,  aber,  bcnn,  fonbern,  ober,  allein  do 
not  cause  inversion,  because  they  arc  not  adjuncts  of  the 
predicate. 

h.  A  conditional  clause  has  the  inverted  order  when  the 
conjunction  tDcnn  is  omitted :  ^enn  ber  5Jiann  nad)  vSpaufe  ginge 
becomes  Cringe  ber  ÜDMnn  nad)  vSpaufe. 


DIGEST   OF    SYNTAX  1 23 

56.  The  transposed  order  is  the  regular  order  of  the 
dependent  clause.  The  personal  verb  stands  at  the  end: 
Sd)  \ä)c,  ha\]  ber  iDJanu  iiacl)  .Spaufc  gcf)t. 

a.  But  when  the  conjunction  ba\]  is  dropped,  tlie  normal 
order  prevails:  3^^  glaube,  ber  93iann  gcf)t  uac^  .Spaiifc. 

b.  When  the  personal  verb  and  two  infinitive  forms  stand 
in  the  same  dependent  clause  the  personal  verb  precedes  the 
two  infinitive  forms:  (Sr  fagte,  ha^  cr  nicf^t  l)aOc  gcf)cn  fönnen. 

c.  When  in  a  conditional  clause  the  iücnn  is  omitted  the 
inverted  order  prevails.     Sec  55b. 

57.  In  the  normal  and  inverted  order  the  separable 
prefix  of  a  verb  in  the  present  and  preterit  tenses,  the  perfect 
participle,  and  the  infinitive  of  compound  tenses  stand  at  the 
end :  (Sr  gcfjt  morgen  fort.  (5r  ift  geftern  fortgegangen.  (Er  muß 
Ijeute  fortgeben. 

58.  If  an  infinitive  and  a  participle  occur  in  the  same 
sentence,  the  infinitive  stands  at  the  end :  (Sr  mufs  fortgegangen 
fein. 

a.  A  dependent  infinitive  with  5U  is  often  incorporated  in 
the  sentence,  if  it  stands  alone  or  has  no  modifiers :  (5r  fing  gu 
fingen  an. 

b.  But  if  the  infinitive  with  ]u  has  modifiers  depending  on 
it,  the  infinitive  with  its  adjuncts  follows:  or  fing  an,  ba^ 
I^ieb  3u  fingen. 

59.  The  separable  prefix  follows  its  verb  in  the  present 
and  preterit  of  the  principal  clause  only.  In  all  other 
tenses  of  the  principal  and  dependent  clauses  the  prefix 
precedes  the  verb. 

60.  The  more  important  verbal  adjuncts,  including  ob- 
jects, adverbs,  and  adverbial  phrases,  tend  toward  the  end 
of  the  sentence,  the  less  important  toward  the  middle. 


124  GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 

6i.  Objects.  The  personal  pronoun  ed  and  the  reflexive 
fi(^  precede  other  objects  because,  having  antecedents,  they 
are  of  less  importance:  Gr  fagte  cö  bem  Hnabcn.     (5r  ^o(te  fic^ 

62.  The  direct  object  precedes  the  indirect  when  the 
direct  is  a  personal  or  reflexive  pronoun:  i^'ib  cö  if}m  nidjt. 
Sr  l)at  fic^  mir  ergeben. 

63.  The  direct  object  follows  the  indirect  when  it  is  a 
noun,  or  a  pronoun  not  personal  or  reflexive:  3c^  gebe  if)m 
baö  ^uc^.     -3c^  gebe  if)m  bieö. 

64.  Adverbs.  Adverbial  modifiers  stand  in  the  follow- 
ing order:  (i)  those  of  time,  (2)  those  of  place,  (3)  those 
of  manner. 

65.  Adverbs  of  time  take  third  place  in  the  sentence,  if 
that  place  is  not  occupied  by  a  personal  pronoun  without  ^u: 
ÜSir  i^aben  l;eute  ftublcrt.     333ir  I)aben  t^  freute  ftubicrt. 

66.  Adverbs  of  time  precede  noun  objects:  3^)  ^)abe  if;ni 
geftern  baö  ^ud)  gegeben. 

67.  In  the  normal  order,  if  the  adverb  is  an  adjunct  of 
the  personal  verb,  it  must  not  stand  between  the  subject  and 
predicate.  But  '^a^  ^ud)  ()ier  gcl)ört  mir,  since  (^ier  is  not 
an  adjunct  of  the  verb,  but  an  elliptical  clause  equivalent 
to  which  is  here. 

68.  The  adverbs  nld^t,  nie,  niemals  are  placed  before  the 
member  they  negate.  If  nicf)t  modifies  the  whole  sentence,  it 
stands  at  or  near  the  end. 


VOCABULARY 


DIRECTIONS    FOR    USE 

After  each  noun  the  endings  of  the  genitive  singular  and  nominative 
plural  are  given  in  brackets. 

After  verbs  of  the  strong  conjugation  and  irregular  verbs  the  forms 
of  the  preterit  and  past  participle  are  indicated  by  their  corresponding 
Ablaut  vowels,  or  given  in  full. 

The  hyphen  between  the  prefix  and  the  verb  in  compound  verbs 
denotes  separable  compound  verbs. 

Except  in  a  few  cases,  adverbs  are  not  entered  separately,  but  should 
be  sought  under  the  adjectives. 


ABBREVIATIONS 

abstr. 

=  abstract 

gen. 

=  genitive 

plur. 

=  plural 

ace. 

=  accusative 

im  per  s. 

=  impersonal 

prep. 

=  preposition 

adj. 

=  adjective 

inlcrj. 

=  interjection 

pron. 

=  pronoim 

adv. 

=  adverb 

hticrrog 

=  interrogative 

pron.  adj. 

=  pronominal 

arch. 

=  architecture 

intr. 

=  intransitive 

adjective 

coll. 

=  collective 

VI. 

=  masculine 

refl. 

=  reflexive 

camp. 

=  comparative 

med. 

=  medicine 

Sltlg. 

=  singular 

conj. 

=  conjunction 

mus. 

=  music 

tr. 

=  transitive 

dat. 

=  dative 

n. 

=  neuter 

V. 

=  verb 

/. 

=  feminine 

num. 

=  numerical 

w. 

=  witJi 

fig. 

=  figurative 

Pers. 

=  personal 

GERMAX-EXGLISH 


« 


5lbenb  {-?,,  -e),  m.,  evening. 
2lbenbbämmerung    (-),  /.,   evening 

twilight, 
aber,  but. 

2lbf)ang  {-%,  ^t),  m.,  slope. 
ab=fi^en  (faß,  gefeffen),  dismount, 
nb-ftcigen  (ie,  ie),  dismount. 
0^6),  alas,  ah. 
ä^nlicf),  similar. 
a{[,  all. 


qI^,  when. 

alt,  old. 

ältitc^,  elderly. 

aufbieten  (o,  o),  offer. 

anbcr,  other. 

änbcru,  change. 

SIncfbo'te  (-,  -n),/.,  anecdote. 

SInfang  (-^,  ^e),  m.,  beginning. 

an=ted)ten  (o,  o),  attack,  dispute. 

an^^abcn  (einem  ettüo^),  harm  one. 

aTi=fommen  (fam,  o),  arrive. 

anmutig,  charming,  agreeable. 

an=1e^en  (a,  e),  look  at,  obser\'e. 


120 


GERMAN   PROSE    COMPOSITION 


SlntlDort  (-,  -en),/.,  answer. 

Qntirorten,  answer. 

SIrbeit  (-,  -en),/.,  work. 

2lrm  (-eg,  -e),  m.,  arm. 

arm,  poor. 

Slrmce'  (-,  -n),/,  army. 

Strst  (-eg,  ^c),  m.,  physician. 

är^tUc^,  medically. 

auä),  also. 

auf,  on. 

auf=[tc(Ien,  place. 

Singe  (-ö,  -n),  n.,  eye. 

auS^bittcn  (bat,  gebeten),  beg  for. 

auö^bringen  (brachte,  gebracht),  give 

(a  toast). 
Sluöbauer  (-),/.,  endurance. 
auö=rufen  (ie,  u),  exclaim. 
auö=[cf)icfen,  send  out. 
auö^enben    (fanbte,    gefanbt),   send 

out. 
au^^trecfen,  stretch  out. 


f8 


SBanb  (-eg,  -e),  w.,  fetter. 

58atai((on  (-S,  -e),  «.,  batallion. 

bebeden,  cover. 

befef)Icn  (a,  o),  command. 

befrncf)ten,  fructify. 

befürd)ten,  fear. 

S3egebenl)eit  (-,  -en),/,  occurrence. 

bcgliidcn,  rejoice,  make  happy. 

be^anbcln,  treat. 

bei,  with,  by. 

beibe,  both. 

beinahe,  almost. 

^efannte    (-n,    -n),    m.    and  /., 

acquaintance. 
beleucf)tcn,  enlighten, 
bemerfen,  notice. 
93crg  (~eö,  -c),  m.,  mountain. 
33ern[tcni[d)nnr   (-,  -^c),  /.,  amber 

wreath. 
bcrüf)nit,  celebrated, 
befc^rcibcn  (ie,  ic),  describe. 


bc[c^ulbigcn,  accuse. 

53cfcn  (-g,  -),  m.,  broom. 

bel'iegcn,  conquer. 

bcfi^cn  (be)afe,  befeffen),  possess. 

beffer,  better. 

bcftrafcn,  punish. 

bcftrcitcn  (beftritt,  beftrittcn),  dis- 
pute. 

bcfnrfien,  visit. 

betören,  fool,  deceive. 

beincgcn  (o,  o  or  reg.),  move,  affect. 

bclnoljnen,  inhabit. 

bejaubcrn,  bewitch,  enchant. 

bieten  (o,  o),  offer. 

^ilb  (-eg,  -er),  n.,  picture. 

binbcn  (a,  u), bind,  wind  (a  wreath). 

big,  until. 

bitten  (bat,  gebeten),  ask, 

53Ucf  (-eg,  -e),  m.,  look. 

33U^eg|cf)neI(e,/.,  speed  of  lightning. 

bluten,  bleed. 

S3oot  (-eg,  -e  or  33öte),  ;/.,  boat. 

böfe,  evil. 

SBruber  (-g,  -^er),  w.,  brother. 

S3ünbel  (-g,  -),  m.  or  n.,  bundle. 

93ürgerfrieg  (-eg,  -e),  m.,  civil  war. 

SButterbrot  (-eg,  -e),  «.,  bread  and 
butter. 


® 


ba,  there,  since,  as. 

bo^er,  therefore. 

ba^in4üf)rcn,   guide   (to  a   certain 

point). 
bnl)inuntcr,  there  below, 
barauf,  thereupon, 
barnni,  therefore. 
bat»on=ci(en,  hurry  away, 
baüon  laufen  (ie,  au),  run  away, 
bcnfcn  (barf)tc,  gebad)t),  think, 
bcnn,  couj.,  for. 
bcg()a(b,  therefore. 
bicfer,  this, 
bircft,  direct, 
bod^,  yet,  nevertheless. 


t 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


127 


3^oftor  (-Ö,  -en),  ;«.,  doctor, 
broken,  threaten. 
buelUeren  (jii-^),  fight  a  duel. 
biinfen,  seem,  appear, 
bilrfen  (burftc,  geburft),  dare. 


6 

e^c,  before. 

6f)re  (-,  -Vi),  f.,  honor. 

e^ren,  honor. 

eigen,  own. 

cinanber,  each  other,  one  another. 

ein=bilbcn,  imagine. 

einige,  several. 

ein=laf[en  (ie,  a),  admit. 

einmal,  once. 

einl'am,  lonesome. 

einft,  once. 

einzeln,  separately. 

Emigrant'  (-en,  -en),  m.,  emigrant. 

Cube  (-^,  -n),  71.,  end. 

Cnglänber  (-ö,  -),  m.,  Englishman; 
plur.,  English. 

eng(ifcf),  English. 

entfernt,  distant. 

entgegenhalten  (ie,  a),  hold  towards. 

entgegnen,  reply. 

enthalten  (ie,  a),  contain. 

entfc^ulbigen,  excuse. 

Gntjiicfen  (-6),  n.,  delight. 

cr,  he. 

Grbe  (-,  -n),  /.,  earth;  auf  — n,  on 
earth. 

erfreuen,  cheer,  rejoice. 

erfüKcn,  fulfill,  fill. 

ergreifen  (ergriff,  ergriffen),  seize. 

ergeben  (0,  0),  lift,  refl.  rise. 

er^ö^cn,  increase. 

erfennen  (erfannte,  erfannt),  recog- 
nize. 

erreichen,  reach. 

erfc^einen  (ie,  ie),  appear. 

erft,  first. 

errteifen  (ie,  ie),  prove,  show. 

ermibem,  reply. 


erjäf)Icn,  tell,  relate. 

Co,  it. 

effen  (afi,  gegeffen),  eat. 

ctlüaö,  something. 

emig,  eternal. 

(ijcellcnj'  (-,  -en),  /.,  Excellency. 

efperimentieren,  experiment. 


fäf)ig,  able. 

faljrcn  (u,  a),  go,  ride. 

falfd),  false. 

^ang  (-eö,  *e),  m.,  catch. 

fechten  (0,  0),  fight. 

fehlen,  be  wanting;  lüoö  fc^It  bir? 

what  ails  you? 
geig^eit  (-),/.,  cowardice, 
geigling  (-Ö,  -e),  m.,  coward. 
geinb  (-eä,  -e),  m.,  enemy, 
gelb  (-eö,  -er),  n.,  field, 
gclb^crr  (-n,  -en),  w.,  general, 
i^elg  or  %t{\m  (-enö,  -en),  m.,  rock. 
genfter  {-%,  -),  n.,  window. 
fern,  distant,  afar. 
ferner,  furthermore, 
finbcn  (a,  u),  find. 
i5i[d)cr  (-Ö,  -),  m.,  fisherman, 
fliegen  (0,  0),  flee. 
%\vi6)i  (-),/.,  flight;  in  bie  —  fd)Ia= 

gen,  put  to  flight, 
gluß  (-eö,  -^e),  m.,  river. 
fort=tragen  (u,  a),  carry  away, 
fouragieren,  forage, 
grage  (-,  -n),  /.,  question, 
fragen,  ask. 

i^ranfrcicf)  (-ö),  n.,  France, 
granjofe  (-n,  -n),  m.,  Frenchman. 
franjöfifc^,  French. 
i^rau  (-,  -en),/.,  woman, 
frcmb,  strange, 
freubig,  joyfully,  gladly, 
freuen,  refl.,  rejoice, 
i^reunb  (-eö,  -e),  w.,  friend, 
freunblid),  friendly, 
griebric^  (-g),  m.,  Frederick. 


128 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


frö^Itc^,  glad. 

füllen,  feel. 

führen,  lead,  guide. 

gutter  (-Ö,  -),  m.,  guide. 

fiinfje^n,  fifteen. 

j^iinfcfien  (-Ö,  -),  n.,  little  spark. 

für,  for;  maä  —  .  .  .,  what  sort 

of. 
furcf)tbar,  fearful 
furrfitloö,  fearless, 
^ürft  (-en,  -en),  m.,  prince. 


®abe(-, -n),/.,  gift. 

®anö  (-,  -^e),/.,  goose. 

ganj,  entirely. 

gar  {with  negative),  at  all. 

@arten  {-?>,  ^),  m.,  garden. 

Q,zhtn  (a,  e),  give. 

©ebulb  (-),/.,  patience. 

gefaden  (gefict,  a),  please. 

gefälüg,  pleasing,  desired. 

4)eforbertc  (-n,  -n),  m.,  challenged 
one. 

ge^cn  (ging,  gegangen),  go. 

gel^orc^en,  obey. 

gehören,  belong  (to). 

@elb  (-co,  -er),  n.,  money. 

(Gelegenheit  (-,  -en),/.,  opportunity. 

genug,  enough. 

gem,  gladly. 

Öefanbte  (-n,  -n),  m.,  ambassador. 

Öefang  (-e8,  ^e),  vi.,  song. 

gcfrf)c()cn  (a,  e),  happen. 

ge[cf)lüinb,  quickly. 

(betreibe  (-8,  -),  n.,  grain. 

gewinnen  (a,  o),  win. 

gemifi,  surely. 

('')i[rf)t  (-eö),  m.,  foam,  froth. 

glauben,  believe. 

g(eirf),  like,  equal;  adv.,  at  once. 

g(eicf);;citig,  at  the  same  time,  sim- 
ultaneously. 

©ram  (-c«),  m.,  grief. 


graufam,  cruel. 

groil,  great,  large. 

grün,  green. 

®ruB  (-eg,  ^c),  m.,  greeting. 

gut,  adj.,  good;  adv.,  well. 

©Ute  (-),/.,  kindness. 

l^aben,  have. 

^afer  (-8),  m.,  oats. 

^aferfelb  (-co,  -er),  n.,  field  of 
oats. 

§alt  macfien,  stop. 

f)alten  (ie,  a),  hold;  —  für,  take  for, 
consider. 

^anb  (-,  ^e),/.,  hand. 

Hauptmann  (-Ö,  -leute),  w.,  cap- 
tain. 

^auö  (-eö,  ^er),  n.,  house. 

^auötür  (-,  -en),/,  front  door. 

f)ebcn  (o,  o),  lift,  raise. 

^eifeen  (ie,  ei),  be  called,  bid. 

Reifen  (a,  o),  help. 

I^er,  here  (toward  the  speaker). 

f)erab=ftcigcn  (ie,  ie),  descend. 

^erauöforberung  (-,  -en),  /.,  chal- 
lenge. 

f)erein4affen  (ie,  a),  let  in. 

.g>err  (-n,  -en),  ;;/.,  gentleman,  Mr. 

()crrfd)en,  rule. 

^cröor,  forth. 

^*pcT3  (-enS,  -en),  n.,  heart. 

^erjcn,  fondle. 

^erjlirf),  heartily. 

t)eu(en,  howl. 

^cute,  to-day. 

^cfe  (-,  -Vi),  f.,  witch. 

I^ter,  here. 

^imnicl  (-Ö,  -),  w.,  sky,  heaven. 

l^inab  ()üpfeu,  hop  down,  skip  down. 

l)innb  fd)iuebcu,  soar  down,  lly  down. 

l}iuab  mcrfcu  (a,  o),  throw  down. 

biiuiu  ftcigcn  (ic,  io),  rrscend. 

l)iu  bringen  (brad)tc,  gcbraii)t),  spend 
(a  life). 


1 


GERMAN  PROSE   COMPOSITION 


129 


l)in4aufen  (ie,  qu),  run  towards. 

Winter,  behind. 

hinunter,  down. 

^in=3ic^en     (509,      gebogen),     draw 

(to). 
I)offcn,  hope, 
^öflic^,  polite, 
^ö^c  (-,  -n),/.,  height,  hill;  in  bic 

— ,  up. 
^olcn,  get. 
^ören,  hear. 

^unb  (-e«,  -c),  m.,  dog. 
^iittc  (-,  -n)/f.,  cottage. 


fommanbicren,  command, 
fommcn  (fom,  0),  come. 
Äönig  (-Ö,  -c),  m.,  king. 
.Königin  (-,  -ncn),/.,  queen, 
fönncn,  be  able,  can. 
Äöter  (-Ö,  -),  m.,  cur. 
Äranff)cit  (-,  -en),/.,  sickness, 
.^ran^  i-t^,  *e),  m.,  wreath, 
fritifierm,  criticize. 
Summer  (-6),  w.,  sorrow. 
Äuppe  (-,  -n),/.,  top,  summit. 
fur3,  short, 
fiiffen,  kiss. 


3 


immer,  always, 
inbem,  while, 
inbireft,  indirect. 


3J 


3af)r  (-e^,  -c),  ;/.,  year. 

jeboc^,  however. 

jener,  that. 

jetjt,  now,  yet. 

^ofua  {-%),  m.,  Joshua. 

3unge   (-n,  -n  or  -no),  m.,  lad, 

boy. 
Jungfrau  (-/-en),/.,  young  woman, 

maiden. 


fämpfcn,  fight. 

faufen,  buy. 

.KaoaUerie'  (-,  -n),/.,  cavalry. 

fein,  no. 

fennen  (fannte,  gefannt),  know. 

Werfer  (-ö,  -),  w.,  prison. 

Ätnb  (-eg,  -er),  n.,  child, 

Hein,  little. 

flopfen,  knock. 

flug,  wise. 

Änabe  (-n,  -n),  w.,  boy. 

Änöc^el  (-Ö,  -),  ;«.,  knuckle. 


Laboratorium  (-S,  -rien),  «.,  labo- 

rator}'. 
lächeln,  smile. 

2anb  (-eg,  ^er  or  -e),  n.,  land, 
längft,  long  ago. 
laffen  (ie,  a),  leave,  allow. 
gaft  (-, -en),/.,  load. 
?e6en  (-ä),  w.,  life, 
leben'big,  alive, 
lecfen,  lick, 
legen,  lay. 

?e^rer  (-g,  -),  m.,  teacher. 
Icii^t,  light,  easy. 
?eib  (-eg,  -en),  w.,  sorrow. 
lefen  (a,  e),  read, 
lefet,  last. 

Seute,  phtr.,  people, 
gic^t  (-eg,  -e  or  -er),  «.,  light, 
lieb,  dear, 
lieben,  love, 
lieblic^,  lovely. 

Liebling  (-g,  -e),  ;«.,  favorite. 
Lieb  (-eg,  -er),  «.,  song, 
liegen  (a,  e),  lie. 

m 

madden,  make,  do. 

mäcfitig,  mighty. 

mä^en,  mow. 

SD^ajeftät'  (-, -en),/.,  majesty. 


I30 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


5D?aI  (-CÖ,  -e),  n.,  time,  point  of 

time, 
malen,  paint, 
man,  one. 

manc^  ( — er,  — e,  — eö),  many  a. 
manchmal,  often. 
DJ^ann  (-eö,  -^cr),  m.,  man. 
9}Järc^en  (-ö,  -),  n.,  fairy-tale. 
SOJarft  (-eö,  -^e),  m.,  market. 
SJ^auI  (-eö,  -^er),  n.,  (of  animals) 

mouth. 
me{)r,  more;  nic^t  — ,  no  longer. 
mdk  (-,  -n),/.,  mile, 
meinig,  mine. 
9)2en[(f)  (-en,  -en),  m.,  man,  human 

being, 
minber,  less, 
mit,  with, 
mit^bringen  (bradjte,  gebracht),  bring 

along. 
SOHttag  (-Ö,  -e),  w.,  noon;  ju  — 

effen,  dine. 
Wittt  (-),/.,  middle. 
Woht  {-,  -n),/.,  fashion, 
mögen  (mod^te,  gemorfit),  like,  de- 
sire, 
möglich,  possible. 
9}?onb  (-CÖ,  -e),  m.,  moon. 
SWü^e  (-,  -n),/.,  trouble,  toil. 
g«üf)Ie  (-, -n),/.,  mill. 
SD?u()me  (-,  -n),/.,  aunt, 
muffen     (mufete,    gemußt),    must, 

have  to. 
muftcrn,  inspect. 
SO^ut  (-eä),  m.,  courage. 
'MutUx  (-,  -),/.,  mother. 

nac^,  after. 

nac^=äffcn,  ape,  imitate. 

9iac^bar  (-8,  -en),  m.,  neighbor. 

^iac^ric^t  (-,  -en),/.,  news. 

nac^4c^cn  (fa(),  gefc()en),  look  after. 

näc^ft,  next. 

S^äc^ftenlicbe  (-),/.,  brotherly  love. 


'^ad)t  (-,  -e),/.,  night. 
m^t  (-),/.,  vicinity. 
9Ja|e  (-,  -n),/.,  nose. 
9?ation'  (-,  -en),/.,  nation. 
9laturforfc^er   (-8,    -),    w.,   scien- 
tist, 
nehmen  (a,  genommen),  take, 
neugierig,  inquisitive, 
nic^t,  not. 
nic^tö,  nothing. 
nicbergcfc^Iagen,  cast  down. 
niebcr=fe^en,  put  down, 
niemals,  never, 
nicmanb,  nobody, 
noc^,  still,  yet. 
nun,  now. 
nur,  only. 


ob,  whether. 

obgIei(^,  although. 

ober,  or. 

offen,  open. 

oft,  often. 

of)ne,  without. 

O^r  (-eö,  -en),  n.,  ear;  bie  — en 

fpi^en,  prick  up  the  ears. 
Öfterrcid^er  (-Ö,  -),  m.,  Austrian. 


* 


platform. 


*!ßerron'  (-8,  -ö),  w., 

''i^crfon'  (-,  -en),  /.,  person. 

*iJ5fcrb  (-eö,  -e),  n.,  horse. 

plöl^^Iid),  suddenly. 

*i}.^rinjcffin  (-,  -nen),/,  princess. 

prüfen,  prove. 

m 

raftcn,  rest. 
raufd)en,  rush,  roar. 
S'Jebe  (-,  -n),/,  speech. 
Ofebcform    (-,    -on),  /.,    form    (of 

speech). 
!')icgcn  (  Ö,    ),  m.,  rain. 


GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 


131 


$Regcnfc^irm  (-8,  -c),  m.,  umbrella. 
iHeic^  (-CÖ,  -t),  n.,  dominion, 
reic^,  rich,  abundant, 
rein,  clean, 
reiniflcn,  clean. 
9fci)e  (-,  -n),/.,  journey. 
JRoß  (-cS,  -e),  ;/.,  horse. 
mtt  (-),/.,  redness. 
9?ü(fcn  (-8,  -),  ;«.,  back. 
!        rub  em,  row. 

9?uf  (-eö,  -e),  m.,  reputation, 
rufen  (ie,  u),  call. 


©age  (-,  -n),  /.,  story,  legend. 

fagen,  say. 

fc^äblic^,  harmful. 

Scfiar'fner  (-g,  -),  m.,  conductor. 

fc^arf,  sharp. 

fc^eincn  (ie,  ic),  seem,  shine. 

[ekelten  (a,  0),  scold. 

fc^icfcn,  send. 

(Schirm  (-e8,  -c),  m.,  umbrella. 

Sc^Iac^t  (-,  -en),  /.,  battle;  — felb 

(-eö,  -er),  n.,  battlefield, 
fc^lafen  (ie,  a),  sleep. 
<Sc^(ag  (-eg,  -^e),  m.,  blow. 
fc^Iagen  (u,  a),  beat,  strike, 
[(^(ec^t,  bad. 

2(f)Iummer  (-ö),  ;w.,  slumber. 
Schmeichelei  (-,  -en),/.,  flattery. 
2c^mer5  (-eä,  -en),  m.,  pain, 
fc^mufeig,  dirty, 
fc^nell,  quickly. 

(Schnur  (-,  -en  or  -^e),/.,  string, 
[c^on,  perhaps, 
fc^ön,  beautiful. 
Scf)ön^eit  (-,  -en),  /.,  beauty. 
Schritt  (-eg,  -e),  m.,  step. 
Schule  (-,  -n),/.,  school, 
fc^roeigen  (ie,  ie),  be  silent, 
fc^roer,  hea\T. 
8eele  (-,  -n'),/.,  soul, 
[c^cn  (a,  e),  see. 


[cf)r,  very. 

[ein  (mar,  geroefcn),  be. 

[ein,  adj.,  his,  her,  its. 

[eit,  since. 

Sefunbant'  (-en,  -en),  w,,  second 

(in  a  duel), 
[elbft,  self. 

[enben  ([anbte,  gefanbt),  send, 
[enfen,  sink,  let  down. 
Sic^cr^cit  (-),/.,  safety, 
[ie,  she;  they. 

(Sieg  (-CÖ,  -e),  m.,  victory, 
[iegreic^,  victorious, 
[ingen  (a,  u),  sing. 
Sinn  (-eg,  -e),  w.,  mind, 
[innen  (a,  0),  ponder, 
[i^en  (faß,  gefeffen),  sit. 
[ogleic^,  at  once. 
So^n  (-eg,  -^e),  w.,  son. 
Solbat'  (-en,  -en),  m.,  soldier, 
[otten,  shall,  ought. 
Sonne  (-,  -n),/.,  sun. 
[onft,  formerly, 
[orgfaltig,  careful. 
Spiel  (-eg,  -e),  ;/.,  play,  game. 
[pielcn,  play. 

Spi^e  (-,  -n),/.,  point,  top. 
[prec^en  (a,  0),  speak. 
Sprung  (-eg,  -e),  m.,  leap;  einen  — • 

machen,  leap, 
fte^en  ([tanb,  geftanben),  stand. 
Stelle  (-,  -n),/.,  place. 
fteKen,  place. 
Stem  (-eg,  -e),  m.,  star, 
[tetig,  steady. 
Stic^  (-eg,  -e),  m.,  pang, 
[titt^fte^cn  (ftanb,  geftanben),  stand 

still. 
Stimme  (-,  -n),/.,  voice. 
Stim  (-,  -en),/.,  forehead. 
Stocf  (-eg,  -e),  m.,  cane, 
[tolj,  proud. 

Strati  (-eg,  -en),  m.,  ray. 
Straöenba^ntüagen     (-g,     -),     m., 

street  car. 
[treic^eln,  stroke. 


132 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


ftreng,  severely. 
(Strom  (-e«,  ^e),  m.,  stream. 
©tücf  (-e«,  -e),  «.,  piece, 
©tünbd^cn  (-Ö,  -),  n.,  a  short  time, 

a  while. 
(Stunbc  (-  -n),/.,  hour. 
(Sturm  (-eö,  ^e),  m.,  storm. 
[türjen,  hurl,  plunge, 
ftü^en,  lean  on. 
[udien,  seek. 


um^cr,  around,  about, 
um^fc^cn  (a,  e),  look  around, 
unb,  and. 

Unbine  (-,  -n),f.,  mermaid, 
unnül^,  useless, 
unten,  adv.,  below, 
unter,  among. 

Unterröcken    (ging,    gegangen), 
(of  the  sun). 


set 


Sag  (-eS,  -e),  m.,  day. 
Xal  (-eö,  ^er),  n.,  valley. 
Sat  (-,  -en),/.,  deed. 
Stefe  (-, -n),/.,  depth. 
Sitel  (-Ö,  -),  m.,  title. 
Sooft  (-eg,  -e),  m.,  toast. 
Sod)tcr  (-,  -),/.,  daughter. 
töbUc^,  deadly, 
tot,  dead. 

tragen  (u,  a),  bear,  carry. 
Sraum  (-eg,  ^e),  m.,  dream, 
traurig,  sad. 
treiben  (ie,  ic),  drive, 
trennen,  separate, 
treten  (a,  e),  step. 
Sric^ine  (-,  -n),/.,  trichina. 
Srinffpruc^  (-eg,  ^e),  m.,  toast. 
Srottoir  (-g,  -e  or  -g),  n.,   side- 
walk. 
Sro^  (-c^),  m.,  spite. 
Sruppe  (-,  -n),/.,  troop, 
tun  (tat,  getan),  do. 
Xüx  (-,  -en),/.,  door. 


tibcrrafd^en,  surprise. 
Ufcr  (--g,  -),  n.,  shore, 
urn,  around;  in  order  to. 
um=gc()en    (ging,    gegangen),    asso- 
ciate. 


berad^ten,  despise. 

beränbem,  refl.,  change. 

öerbergen  (a,  o),  hide. 

öerbreiten,  spread. 

Oereinen,  unite. 

öergelten  (a,  o),  repay. 

bergleic^cn  (i,  i),  compare. 

öer^inbem,  prevent. 

35erfauf  (-g,  ^e),  m.,  sale. 

öerfaufen,  sell. 

öerleumben,   tell   stories    (about   a 

person), 
berlieren  (o,  o),  lose. 
33erlu[t  (-eg,  -e),  w.,  loss, 
bermutlic^,  presumable, 
öeme^men    (a,    öemommen),    hear, 

perceive, 
derploubem,  chat  away, 
öcric^iüinbcn  (a,  u),  disappear. 
tier[infcn  (a,  u),  sink  down, 
berfudjcn,  try. 
Dcrtrauliti),  intimately. 
Dcrurfarfjcn,  cause, 
öcriücint,    red    and    swollen    with 

weeping, 
öcrmunben,  wound. 
Diel,  much. 
Diellcicbt,  perhaps, 
iisicrtcl    (  g,  -),   «.,   quarter;   eine 

— [tunbe,  quarter  of  an  hour. 
Dölltg,  complete, 
öor,  before. 
iBorbeifc^iffcnbe,  plur.,  passers-by. 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


133 


Oor^cr=gc^cn  (ging,  gegangen),  pre- 
cede; Dor^erge^cnb,  previous. 
Dortren'iicf),  excellent. 
üorüber=fcf)inen,  pass  by  (in  a  ship). 


933 


Sachter  {-§,  -),  vi.,  watchman. 

SSaffe  (-,  -n),/.,  weapon. 

2Ba^I  (-,  -en),/.,  choice. 

iüäf)len,  choose. 

ma^r,  true. 

lt)äf)rcnb,  while,  during. 

3Sa^rf)eit  (-,  -en),/.,  truth. 

n)af)rUc^,  truly. 

SSange  (-,  -n),/.,  cheek. 

loarum,  why. 

voci%,  what,  why. 

mafdficn  (u,  a),  wash. 

SBaffer  (-Ö,  -),  «.,  water. 

ireben  (0,  0),  weave. 

SSeg  (-eö,  -e),  m.,  way. 

meicfi^er'jig,  tender-hearted. 

tpeigem,  reß.,  refuse. 

ireil,  because. 

h)eit,  far. 

meiter:  o^ne  — eö,  without  delay. 

meiter^gc^en    (ging,    gegangen),    go 

on. 
tüeitcr^fäm^fen,  fight  on. 
mtiit  (-, -n),/.,  wave. 
SSelt  (-, -en),/.,  world, 
rtenben  (roanbte,  geiranbt),  turn, 
irenn,  if,  when. 

merben  (a  or  murbe,  0),  become. 
iDie,  how,  as. 


mieber,  again. 

ülBinb  (-cd,  -e),  w.,  wind. 

SBinfel  (-0,  -),  m.,  comer, 

miffen  (rouBtc,  gemußt),  know. 

IDO,  where. 

SBoge  (-,  -n),/.,  wave. 

hio^cr,  whence,  from  where. 

voo\){,  probably. 

njot)ncn,  live,  dwell. 

moUcn,  will,  wish. 

lüorauf,  whereupon. 

SB  ort  (-eg,  -c  or  ^er),  n.,  word. 

SBurft  (-,  -e),/.,  sausage. 

SBut  (-),/.,  rage. 


3aubenn   (-,  -nen),  /.,  magician, 

witch, 
geigen,  show. 
B^iit  {-,  -n),  /.,  line. 
3eit  (-,  -en),/.,  time, 
gießen  (jog,  gejogcn),  pull. 
30m  (-eg),  m.,  anger, 
gu,  to;  too. 

3ufrucf)t  (-),/.,  refuge. 
Sufrieben,  satisfied. 
gu=ge|e[Ien,  refl.,  join, 
guleibe  tun,  hurt, 
guriicf^ festen,  return. 
gurücf=fommen  {lam,  0),  come  back. 
3urücf=]"toBen  (ie,  0),  reject. 
jufammen^Ieben,  live  together. 
Zutrauen  (-s),  «.,  confidence, 
jumeilen,  at  times, 
groei,  two. 


134 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


ENGLISH-GERMAN 


abandon,  öerlaffen  (ie,  a). 

abashed,  befc^ämt. 

abate,  nac^4a[[en  (ie,  a),  \id)  legen. 

abbot,  bcr  2(bt  (-c^,  ^e). 

able,  fö^ig,  im  [tanbe. 

abode,  ber  2öof)nort  (-eg,  -e  or  ^er), 

bie  Slnfiebelung  (-,  -en),  bie  §öf)(e 

(-,  -n). 
about,  prep.,  über,  um;  adv.,  un= 

gefäf)r,   gegen;   be    (just)   —   to 

do,  auf  bem  *ipunfte  [ein,  (grabe) 

im  S3egriffe  [ein,  (etroao)  gu  tun, 

(etlüoö)  tun  ftiollen. 
above,  prep.,  über;  adv.,  oben, 
above-mentioned,  oben  errtiätjnt. 
abroad;   from   — ,   auS   bem  'äu^- 

lanbe. 
absent,  abirefenb. 

absolute,  unumfc^ränf t,  eigenmäd^tig. 
abundance,  ber  Überfluß  (-c^)- 
abundant,  reirf)(ic^,  reic^;  adv.,  im 

Überfluffe. 
abyss,  ber  ©c^funb  (-eg,  -^e). 
academical,  afabemifc^. 
academy,  bie  Slfabemie'  (-,  -n). 
accept,  an=nef)men  (a,  genommen), 
accident,  ber  Unfall  (-«,  ^e). 
accommodation,   bie  53ef)erbergung 

(-,  -en), 
accompany,  begleiten, 
accord,    gu^erfennen    (erfannte,    cr- 

fannt)  (dat.). 
accordance,    bie    Übercinftimmung 

(-,  -en), 
according  to,  gemäfi  (dat.),  narf). 
account,  bie  iöcbcutung  (-,  -en);  on 

—  of,  loegen,  ob,  in  i^olge  öon. 
accuse,  an= f(ageu,bcfd)ulbigen  i^cn.). 
accustom,  geioobnen  (an  7v.  ace). 
accustomed,  gcmo^nt;  be  — ,  pflegen. 


achieve,  erringen  (a,  u),  gewinnen 

(a,  0). 
acknowledge,  bejeid^ncn. 
acquaintance,  bie  iöefanntfd^aft  (-, 

-en);  pers.,  ber  or  bie  Sefannte 

(-n,  -n). 
acquire,  crioerben  (a,  o). 
acre,  ber  2lcfer  (-3,  ^),  ber  9)?orgen 

(-Ö,  -). 
across,  prep.,  über;  adv.,  hinüber, 
active,  tätig. 

activity,  bie  Xätigfeit  (-,  -en), 
actual,  tatfäc^Uc^. 
add,  fjinju^Ugcn,  ^in^u^feljen. 
addition,   bie  öinjufügung;  in  — , 

adv.,  außerbem;  in  —  to,  aufeer 

(dat.). 
address,  an^reben,  begrüßen,  rid^ten 

(to,  an  w.  ace). 
adequate,  boUftänbig,  genau, 
adherent,  ber  31nl)nnger  (-6,  -). 
adjoining,  benachbart;  —  farm,  bcr 

'Dtad)barl)of  (-6,  -^e). 
administration,  bie  5$erft)altung  (-, 

-en), 
admire,  bemunbern. 
admirer,  bcr  53eiuunbcrer  (-Ö,  -). 
admit,  3u4a[[cu  (ie,  a),  (= confess) 

gefteljen   (geftanb,   geftanben),   ju= 

geben  (a,  e). 
adopt,  fid^  bebiencn  (gen.). 
adoption;    the    land    of    — ,    ha^ 

5lboptiü'=5>atcrlanb  (-c«,  ^cr). 
adorn,  fdjnuufcn,  oerfdjoncrn. 
adorning,  bie  !iHTfd)öncrinig  ( -,  -en), 
adornment,   bie   inn-fdjoiicrung    (-, 

-en),  bie  "iHT^^icrung  (-,  -en), 
adroit,  gcfd)id"t. 
advance,   uor  bringen   (a,   u),   oor^ 

lüärtö  fd)rcitcn  (fd)ritt,  ge[d)rittcn), 

fid)  näl)crn  (to,  dal.). 
advancement,  bie  iöeförbcrung   (-, 

-en). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


135 


r      I 


adventure,  ba«  ?(bcntcuer  (-«,  -). 
advcrsarv',  ber  Öc^ncr  (-«,  -). 
advice,  b'cr  Oiot  {-ci,  ^c). 
advise,  raten  (ic,  a)  (dat.  of  pers.). 
afar,  fern,  lüeit;  from  — ,  Don  xotv- 

tem. 
afTable,  IcutfcUg,  freunbU(^. 
affect,  fcfiabcn  idat.). 
afflicted,  betrübt, 
afford,   bieten   (0,  0),   erteilen,  ge= 

mäbren. 
afloat,  flott, 
afraid,  bange;  be  — ,  fic^  fürchten 

(of,  Dor  UK  dat.). 
Africa,  Slfrifa  (-Ö). 
after,  prep.,  nac^;  conj.,  nad^bcm,  alg. 
afternoon,  ber  OMc^mittag  (-Ö,  -e). 
aftenvard,  nac^f)er. 
again,  micber,  mieberum. 
against,  roiber,  gegen, 
age,  bag  filter  (-%,  -),  ha^  ^nio-ittx 

(-Ö,  -),  bie  Slcra. 
ago,  öor   (dat.),  Dörfer   {ace.  pre- 
ceding)]   many    years    — ,    Dor 

Dielen  3a^i^^^- 
agree,  fief)  einigen, 
agreeable,  angenehm, 
agricultural,  lanbrnirtfc^aftUc^,  5I(fer= 

bau  treibenb;  —  high  school,  bie 

Ianbrt)irtfcf)aft{ic^e    öocbfcf)ute    (-, 

-n);  —  town,  bie  ?anbftabt  (-,  ^e). 
agriculture,  ber  Stcf erbau  (-ö),  bie 

?anbrtiirtfc^aft. 
aid,  bie  öilfe;  —  to  instruction,  baö 

!i'e{)rmittel  {-%,  -). 
ail;  what  — s  you?  h)aS  fel^lt  bit? 
aim,  "üa^  ^\t{  (-eg,  -e),  ber  ^votd 

(-CÖ,  -e). 
aim  at,  v.,  erftreben. 
air,  bie  ?uft  (-,  ^e). 
ALx-la-Chapelle,  Slacken  (-«). 
Albert,  Sllbrec^t  (-Ö). 
alder,  bie  (Srie  (-,  -n);  —  bush,  boo 

Grlengefträuc^  (-«,  -e). 
alight,  fief)  nieber4affen  (ie,  a), 
alike,  rt^nlic^. 


alive,  lebcn'big;  be  —  (with),  xn\m-- 

mein  (Don), 
all,  all,  gan'v  gefamt;  not  at  — ,  gar 

nic^t;  not  at  —  a,  gar  fein, 
all-powerful,  allmächtig, 
allow,     erlauben,     geftatten,     laffcn 

(ic,  a). 
allure,  locfen. 
ally,  ber  iöunbeögenoffc  (-n,  -n),  ber 

33erbünbete  C-n,  -n). 
almost,  beinahe,  faft. 
alone,  allein, 
along,   entlang,   ^in,   längs   (gen.)\ 

—  with,  ^ufammen  mit,  in  33er* 

binbung  mit. 
already,  fc^on. 
also,  auc^,  außerbem. 
altar,  ber  2Iltar'  (-S,  -c  or  ^t). 
although,    obgleich,    obfcf)on,    menn 

fc^on,  roenn  auc^. 
always,  immer. 

ambassador,  ber  @efanbte  (-n,  -n). 
amber,  ber  iöemftein  (-Ö,  -e). 
ambush,   ber   öinterl)alt   (-6,   -e); 

from  — ,  au3  bem  — . 
amid,  inmitten  {gen.),  mitten  unter, 
among,  unter,  3n)ifcf)en;  be  — ,  ge= 

pren  (^u). 
amount,  betragen  (u,  a), 
ample,  au€reic6enb,  reicf)lic^. 
amusement,    bie    tlnterl)altung    (-, 

-en),  ha%  23ergnügen  (-Ö,  -). 
ancestral,    angeftammt;   —   home, 

bag  (Srbfc^loB  (-eö,  -^er). 
anchor,  ber  2tnfer  (-g,  -). 
anchor,  v.,  anfem. 
ancient,  alt,  altt)ergcbrad^t. 
and,  unb. 
anger,   ber   ärger   (-ö),   ber  ^oxn 

(-eg), 
angr)',  ^omig,  ärgerlid^. 
animal,  'ba%  Jier  (-eg,  -e). 
annals,  bie  SInnalen  {plur.),  hit  @c= 

fd)icöte  (-,  -n). 
annihilate,  Demid)tcn. 
announce,  melben. 


136 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


announcement,  bic  Slnscigc  (-,  -n), 

bie  Slnfiinbtgung  {-,  -en), 
annual,  iäf)rlic^. 
another,  see  other, 
answer,  bie  Slntmort  (-,  -en), 
answer,  v.,  antworten  {dat.  of  per s.). 
anxiety,  bie  2lng[t  (-,  -^e),  bie  (2pan= 

nung  (-,  -en), 
anxious,  äng[tli(^. 
any,  ein,  irgcnb  ein;  —  more,  noc^ 

mt\)x,  ein  irenig  mef)r;  —  one, 

irgenb  ein(cr). 
anybody,  irgenb  einer, 
anything,  etmaS,  irgenb  etlDoS. 
anywhere,  irgenbmo. 
apart,  auöeinanber. 
aperture,  bie  Öffnung  (-,  -en);  — 

of  a  belfry,   hdi  ©c^alloc^    (-8, 

•^er);  —  in  the  wall,  bie  9)?auer= 

Öffnung  (-,  -en), 
apologize,  fic^  entfc^ulbigen. 
apothecary  shop,  bie  2lpotf)ef  e  (-,  -n). 
apparatus,  ha^  ^e^rmittel  (-g,  -). 
appear,  erfc^einen  (ie,  ie),  t)or=fom= 

men  (fam,  0). 
appearance,  bie  (grfc^cinung  (-,  -en), 

bag  Slu^fe^en  (-Ö),  ha%  33ilb  (-eg, 

-er);  make  — ,  erf  (feinen  (ie,  ie). 
apply,  fi(^  rtiibincn  {dat.). 
appoint,    ernennen    (ernannte,    er- 
nannt) (ju). 
appointment,    bie    (Ernennung    (-, 

-en),  bie  SSa^I  (-,  -en), 
apprehensive,  bebenflic^. 
approach,    fic^    nähern    {dat.),    im 

änjuge  fein, 
approval,  bie  ^uftimmung  (-,  -cn). 
archbishop,  bcr  (Srjbifd)of  (-«,  ^e). 
archiepiscopal,  erjbifc^öfUc^. 
architect,  bcr  53aufünftler  (-6,  -), 

ber  ^aumeiftcr  (-ö,  -). 
architectural  school,  bie  59aufc^utc 

(-,  -n). 
architecture,  bie  5lrc^iteftur'  (-,-en), 

bie  öaufunft  (-,  -e),  bcr  33auftil 

(-eg,  -c). 


area,  bag  Slreal'  (-g,  -c),  bie  Ober= 
fläche  (-,  -n),  ber  Umfang  (-g, 
-e). 

arena,  bie  SIrena. 

arise,  auf=fte^en  (ftanb,  geftanben), 
auferftef)en  (erftanb,  erftanben), 
austreten  (a,  e),  auf=fteigen  (ie,  ic), 
entfte^en  (entftanb,  entftanben),  [ic^ 
ergeben  (0,  0). 

arm,  bcr  2Irm  (-eg,  -e),  (windmill) 
ber  ^lügel  (-g,  -). 

armed,  bewaffnet. 

army,  bie  Strmee'  (-,  -n),  bag  §ccr 
(-eg,  -e). 

around,  prep.,  um. 

arrange,  orbnen. 

arrive,  an^fommen  (fam,  0),  anfan- 
gen, gelangen  (at,  ju). 

arsenal,  bag  3eugf)aug  (-eg,  -^er). 

art,  bic  Äunft  (-,  ^e);  piece  of  — , 
bag  Äunftmerf  (-g,  -e);  —  capi- 
tal,  bie  Äunftmetropole  (-,  -n); 

—  center,  bag  Äunftjcntrum  (-g, 
-tren);  —  city,  bie  Äunftftabt  (-, 
■^e);  —  exhibition,  bie  Äunftaug- 
[teKung  (-,  -en);  —  school,  bie 
^unftfc^ule  (-,  -n);  —  trade,  ber 
tunft^anbcl  (-g). 

article,  bie  ^ad^c  (-,  -n),  bag  !l)ing 

(-cg,  -e  or  -er), 
artificial,  fünftlic^. 
artist,  ber  Äünftler  (-g,  -). 
artistic,    fünfticrifd);    —    life,    bag 

Äunftlebcn  (-g). 
as,  adv.  and  conj.,  atg,  luic,  ba,  lücil; 

—  ...  — ,  fo  .  .  .  iüie;  —  well  — , 
fo  mo^I  .  .  .,  a(g  (aurf));  —  many 
— ,  nirf)t  ipcnigcr  alg. 

ascend,  inlr.,  l)iuauf=ftcigcn  (ic,  ie); 

tr.,  bcftcigcn  (ic,  ic). 
ashamed;  be  — ,  fid)  fd)ämcn  {gen.). 
ashes,  bic  '?lfd)c  (sing.). 
aside,    sur   5citc,    bcifcitc,    auf   bic 

<2citc. 
ask,  fragen;  —  about,  fragen  uad) 

.  .  .  or  über  .  .  .;  —  for,  fragen 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


137 


urn,  (=beg)  bitten  urn;  —  a  ques- 
tion, cine  ivragc  ftcUcn. 
asleep,  im  2d)lafc;  be  — ,  frf)lafcn 

(ic,  a);  fall  — ,  cin=)cf)lafen  (ic,  a). 
aspiration,  bic  2ct)n|uc^t  (-). 
assassinate,  (mcucftlingd)  crmorbcn. 
assault,   bcr  ^21ngriff   (-«,  -e),   bcr 

3turm  (-CÖ,  -^c). 
assemblage,   bie   33cr1amm(ung   (-, 

-en), 
assemble,  intr.,  fief)  Dcrfammeln. 
assembly,  bcr  ?anbtag  i-ci,  -e). 
assent,   bie  3uitimmung   (-,  -en), 

ber  58eifa(t  (-Ö);  nod  — ,  beifä((ig 

nicfen. 
assert,  geltenb  machen, 
assign,  ju=n)ci)cn  (ie,  ie)  (dat.). 
assist,   Reifen  (a,  0)  (dat.),  (=sup- 

port)    unter[tü^en;    —    to,    Der= 

Reifen  (a,  0)  ('5U);  —  with,  {)clfcn 

bei  etroaö. 
assistance,  bie  ^ilfe  (-),  ber  33ei= 

ftanb  (-eö,  -^e). 
assistant,  ber  @ef)ilfe  (-n,  -n),  ber 

Slffiftent'  (college)  (-en,  -en), 
associate,  ocrfcl)ren. 
assume,  an=nc^men  (a,  genommen), 

jur  3c^au  tragen  (u,  a), 
assurance,  bic  ^>cr|'id^erung  (-,  -en), 
astonish,  erftaunen. 
at,  prep.,  an,  auf,  bi^,  5U,  nm. 
Atlantic,  at(antiicf). 
attached;    be    — ,    an4)angen    or 

an^^ängen  (i,  a)  (dai.);  become 

— ,  tr.,  lieb^geiuinnen  (a,  0),  jic^ 

an=j(i)üeBeu  (0,  0)  (to,  an), 
attachment,  bie  2(n^ängüct)feit  (-) 

(to,  an  iv.  ace). 
attack,  an^greifen  (griff,  gegriffen), 
attainment,  bie  (Erreidiung  (-,-en). 
attempt,  ber  i^eriud)  (-^,  -e). 
attempt,  v.,  oeriud)en. 
attend,  beiud)en,  (med.)  bel)anbe(n, 
bei=n)ot)nen  (dat.,  the  funeral), 
beforgen  (the  ringing), 
attendant,  ber  Siener  (-§,  -),  bcr 


^Begleiter  (-«,  -),  [-en), 

attention,   bic  'flufniertjamfcit  (-, 
attic,  bie  2)ad)ftubc  (-,  -n). 
attire,  bic  .ftleibung  (-,  -en), 
attire,  v.,  flcibcn. 
attract,  an=5ic()cn  (jog,  gejogcn),  on» 

locfcn. 
attraction,  bie  tln^ic^ung  (-,  -en), 
attractive,  an^icf)enb. 
attractiveness,  ber  Oteij   (-c«,  -c), 

bie  Sln^ic^ungöfraft  (-,  ^c). 
August,  bcr  3tugu[t'  (-Ö). 
aunt,  bic  Jante  (-,  -n). 
Austria  -  Hungary,     £)fterreic^  =  Un* 

gam  (-%). 
Austrian,  adj.,  öfterreic^ifc^. 
Austrian,    pers.,    ber    Öftcrrcic^er 

H,  -). 
author,  ber  35crfafier  (-Ö,  -). 
autumn,  bcr  ^erbft  (-c^,  -c). 
auxiliary  instruction,  ber  5)itföun* 

terTict)t    (-Ö);    —    science,    bic 

^ilf^roiffcnfc^aft  (-,  -en), 
avail,   nüt3cn   {dat.),   f)clfcn   (a,   0) 

(dat.). 
avenge  (one's  self  on  .    .   .),  (fic^) 

rä(5en  (an  w.  dat.). 
average,  ber  1^urcf)fc^nitt  (-0,  -e). 
avoid,  Dermeiben  (ic,  ie). 
await,  erraartcn. 
awake,  erroacficn. 
awaken,  erroecfen,  auf^mecfcn. 
away,  fort,  meg,  entfernt, 
awe,  bic  2cf)eu  (-). 
awful,  furcfitbar. 
ax,  bic  51  jt  (-,  ^e). 


Babelsberg  Castle,  ba3  33abcl«bcr» 

ger  2d^loB. 
back,  bcr  9?ücfcn  (-S,  -). 
back,  adv.,  jurücf. 
back-door,  bic  .»ointcrtiir  (-,  -en), 
bad,  fc^lecf)t,  fc^Iimm,  üocV 


138 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


bag,  bcr  53eutel  (-ö,  -). 
bake,  braten  (ic,  a),  röftcn. 
bale,  bcr  33attcn  (-Ö,  -). 
ballad,  bie  53anabc  (-,  -n). 
ballroom,  bcr  33a((fad  (-Ö,  -[ä(e). 
band,  bie  Xruppe  (-,  -n),  bcr  §au* 

fen  (-g,  -). 
bank,  baS  Ufer  (-Ö,  -);  —  of  clay 

and  sand,  bie  ?e^m=  unb  ®anb* 

tüanb  (-,  -^e). 
banner,    bie    ^al^ne    (-,    -n),    baS 

banner  (-«,  -). 
baptism,  bie  Jaufe  (-,  -n). 
baptize,  taufen, 
barbed  wire,  ber  (Stac^elbratjt  (-eg, 

-e). 
bare,  blofe,  nacft. 
barefooted,  barfuß, 
bark,  bie  9?inbe  (-,  -n). 
bam,  bie  ®d)cune  (-,  -n). 
barrel,    ta^    ^a^    (-eä,    ^er),    bie 

2:onne  (-,  -n). 
barren,  unfru(f)tbar. 
basil,  sweet  — ,  ha^  33afilifum  (-Ö), 

bag  iöafiücnfraut  (-eö,  -^er). 
basin,  hai  ^ccfen  M,  -). 
basis,  bie  0runb(age  (-,  -n). 
basket,  ber  ^'orb  (-co,  -e). 
bathing  facilities,   bie  iSabegetegen^ 

l^eitcn. 
bathroom,  baö  ^abcj^immcr  (-Ö,  -). 
battalion,  ba^  SataiKon'  (-Ö,  -e). 
battle,  bie  ©d^Iac^t  (-,  -en). 
battlefield,    ba^    ©c^Iac^tfelb    (-eö, 

-er). 
Bavaria,  ^al)crn  (-ö). 
Bavarian,  adj.,  baljrifcf). 
Bavarian,  pers.,  bcr  !öal)cr  (-n,  -n). 
be,  fein  (war,  gcmcfen). 
beach,   ber  Straub   (-c8,  -e),  baö 

0?)c[tabe  (-Ö,  -). 
beam,  bcr  iöalfcn  (-Ö,  -). 
beam  (of  the  sun),  ber  Strat)!  (-e8, 

-en), 
bear,  ber  53är  (-en,  -en), 
bear,  v.,  ertragen  (u,  a),  tragen  (w, 


a),  gebären  (a,  o)  (a  child);  — 

witness,  3cugnig  ablegen,  geugen; 

—  fruit,  Jriic^tc  tragen, 
beast,  ba^  Xier  (-e^,  -e). 
beat,  fc^lagcn  (u,  a);  —  back,  guriicf^ 

fcf)lagen;  —  down  upon,  auf  .  .  . 

^crab=fct)cinen  (ie,  ic);  —  oflf,  ab' 

f(^lagen,  ',urücf4ii)Iagcn. 
beautiful,  fctiön,  ^crrlic^. 
beauty,  bie  2cf)önl)cit  (-,  -en), 
because,  bcnn,  n)cil;  —  of,  mcgen. 
become,  mcrbcn  (a  or  ttjurbe,  o). 

bed,  ba^  53ett  (-eä,  -en). 

bee,  bie  Siene  (-,  -n). 

beech,  —  tree,  bie  33ud^e  (-,  -n). 
beet,  bie  9?übe  (-,  -n). 
beetle,  ber  Ääfcr  (-S,  -). 
before,  prep.,  Dor;  conj.,  e^e,  bcoor; 

adv.,  Dorf)cr,  früher, 
beg,  bitten  (bat,  gebeten)  (for,  urn). 
begin,  an=fangcn  (i,  a),  (=under- 

take)  unternehmen  (a,  unternom^ 

men), 
beginning,  bcr  'Einfang  (-Ö,  -c),  bcr 

beginn  (-ö). 
behead,  entf)auptcn,  föpfcn. 
behind,  prep.,  Winter;  adv.,  ^inten. 
behold,  fc^en  (a,  e). 
being,  baö  2öcfcn  (-ö,  -). 
belfry,  bcr  Ölocfcnftuf)!  (-eö,  ^c). 
believe,  glauben  {dat.  of  pers.). 
bell,  bie  mode  (-,  -n). 
bell -purse,  bcr  Klingelbeutel  (-8,  -). 
bellow,  brüllen, 
bellowing,  baö  C»^ebrüll  (-«). 
belong,  gcl)örcn  {dat.  of  possessor, 

or  ju),  an^gc^örcn  [dat.). 
beloved,  geliebt,  teuer, 
below,    prep.,   unter;   adv.,   unten; 

there  — ,  ba  unten;  the  people 

— ,  bie  9}?cnfd)cn  bo  unten, 
belt,  ber  OUirtcl  [  ^,  - ). 
bench,  bie  '-öanf  (  -,  -^c). 
bend  down,  intr.,  \\d}  nicbcr=bcugcn. 
beneath,  prep.,  uutcr. 
benefactor,  bcr  ilNOl)ltätcr  ( -d,  -). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


139 


beneficial,  fecjenörcic^,  mo^ttätifl. 

benefit,  nüljen  {dat.). 

bent  (upon),  bcbadjt  (auf  w.  ace). 

Berlin,  Berlin  (-Ö);  adj.,  Jöerliner. 

berry,  bic  ^ccrc  (-,  -n). 

beseech,  bctcn,  flcf)cn. 

beside(s),   prep.,  neben,   .   .   .   jur 

©cite     {dat.    preceding),    aufeer 

{dat.);  adv.,  außerbem,  überbieS, 

and), 
best,  bc[t. 

betray,  oerraten  (ic,  a), 
betroth,  oerloben. 
betrothal,  bie  ^öcrlobung  (-,  -en), 
betrothed,  pers.,  ber  or  bie  5$erlobte 

(-n,  -n). 
better,  beffer. 
between,  jmifc^en. 
beyond,  prep.,  ienfeitö,  QU^er^alb; 

adv.,  briiben. 
biblical,  bibtifc^. 

bid,  befehlen  (a,  0)  {dat.  of  pers.). 
big,  groß, 
bind,  binben  (a,  u);  —  by  oath, 

elblic^  oerpfUc^ten. 
birch,  bie  53irfe  (-,  -n). 
bird,  ber  33ogel  (-Ö,  ^). 
birth,  bie  ©eburt  (-,  -en);  by  — , 

Don  ©eburt. 
birthplace,  ber  (s^eburt^ort  (-eg,  -e). 
bishop,  ber  33ifc^o[  (-g,  ^e). 
bitter,  bitter,  ^art,  [trenge. 
black,  fc^marj. 

blackboard,  bie  3Sanbtafe(  (-,  -n). 
blacken,  fdjmärjen;  — ed,  oerfofjlt. 
bless,  fcgnen. 

blessing,  ber  ®egen  (-g,  -). 
blind,  blinb. 
blood,  bag  33Iut  (-eö). 
bloody,  b(utbür[tig. 
bloom,  b(üf)en. 
blossom,  bie  S3(üte  (-,  -n). 
blossom,  v.,  bliifjen. 
blow,  blafen  (ie,  a),  mefien. 
blue,  blau, 
blueberry,  bie  ^eibelbeere  (-,  -n). 


blunt,  [tumpf. 

board,  bad  43rett  (-e«,  -cr). 

board    (a   ship),   v.,    bcfteigcn   (ic, 

ic). 
boat,  ^a^  iöoot  (-eö,  -c  or  53öte),  ber 

Äaf)n  (-eö,  -^e). 
boatman,  ber  Schiffer  (-«,  -). 
body,  ber  ftörper  (-«,  -);  (  =  corpse) 

ber   l'eid)nam    {-^,   -e);   —    (of 

people),  bie  2d)ar  (-,  -en);  —  of 

instructors,  ber  l'e^rförpcr  {-%,  -). 
bombard,    bombarbieren,    befc^iefecn 

(0,  0). 
bone,  ber  Änoc^en  (-ö,  -);  — s,  bic 

(Gebeine, 
book,  ha^  33uc^  (-eg,  -^cr). 
boot,  ber  Stiefel  (-ö,  -). 
booty,  bie  33eute  (-);  take  as  — , 

erbeuten, 
bored;  feel  — ,  ?angert)cile  l^abcn. 
botanical,  botanifc^. 
both,    beibe,  bcibeg;   —  and  .  .  ., 

fomo^l  .  .  .,  alg  (auc^)  .  .  . 
bottom    land,    bie    ^f^ieberung    (-, 

-en), 
bough,  ber  ^voiio,  (-eS,  -e). 
bound,  adj.,  see  duty;  —  for,  be= 

ftimmt  nac^. 
bound,  v.,  bcgrenjen. 
boundary,  bie  (^renjc  (-,  -n). 
bouquet,  ber  Strauß  (-eg,  -^e);  little 

— ,  h(x^  Straufec^en  (-g,  -). 
bourgeois,  adj.,  biirgerlid);  —  cen- 
ter,   ber    biirgerlidie    3}Zittelpunft 

(-eg,  -e). 
bow,  beugen, 
bowling-alley,    bie    Äegelbal^n    (-, 

-en), 
boy,  ber  Änabe  (-n,  -n),  ber  3unge 

(-n,  -n),  ber  33urf(^c  (-n,  -n). 
boyhood,  bie  Änabenjeit,  bic  Äin^= 

^cit. 
brain,  bag  ©e^irn  (-g,  -e),  ber  Äopf 

(-eg,  -e). 
brambles,  bag  ©eftrüpp  (-g,  -c). 
branch,  ber  21  ft  (-eg,  ^c),  ber  ^m\% 


140 


GERMAN  PROSE  COMPOSITION 


(-eg,  -e),  bag  ^ac^  (-eg,  -er)  (of 

study),  ber  ?ef)rsn)eig  (-g,  -e)  (of 

teaching),  bie  ^ilbtcilung  (-,  -en), 

bie  i^iliale  (-,  -n)  (commercial); 

—es,  bag  9?ei[ig  (-g)  (dry  wood). 
Brandenburg  gate,   bag  iöranben* 

burger  Xov  (-eg). 
brave,  tapfer,  füf)n,  brcift,  freimütig, 
bravery,  bie  Xapferfeit  (-),  ber  SDZut 

(-eg). 
Brazil,  33rafilien  (-g). 
bread,  bag  33rot  (-eg,  -e);  —  and 

butter,  bag  33utterbrot  (-g,  -c). 
break,    bredjen    (a,    o);   —   forth, 

log-brec^cn;    —   in,    unterbrechen; 

—  out,  ang=bred)en;  — up,  jtören. 
breathe,  atmen. 
Brennaburg,   bie  S3rennaburg    (-), 

Sranbcnburg  (-g). 
brewery,  bie  Brauerei  (-,  -en), 
bride,  bie  33raut  (-,  -e). 
bridegroom,  ber  S3räutigam  (-g). 
bridge,  bie  ^rücfe  (-,  -n). 
brief,  furj. 
bright,  ^e((,  ftra^Ienb,  glänjenb;  — 

red,  fnadrot,  glanjenb  rot. 
brighten,  iulr.,  fid)  er()e(tcn. 
brilliant,  glänjcnb. 
bring,  bringen  (brad)te,  gebracht). 
British,  englifc^. 
broad,  iDeit,  breit, 
bronze,  adj.,  et)ern. 
brood,  brüten, 
brook,  ber  Sac^  (-eg,  -e). 
broom,  ber  33efen  (-g,  -). 
brother,  ber  ^ruber  (-g,  ■^). 
brow,  bie  Stirn  (-,  -en), 
brown,  braun. 

Brunswick,  33raunf(^lT>eig  (-g). 
buckwheat,  ber  33uc^n)eijen  (-g). 
bud,  bie  Änofpe  (-,  -n),  bie  33lüte 

(-,  -n). 
build,  bauen,  anlegen,  auf=fül)ren. 
building,  bag  Wcbiiubc  (~-g,  -),  ber 

33au  (~g,  -ten),  t)a^  Söaucn  (-g), 

bag  Söaumefen  (trade)  (-g). 


bunch  of  blossom,  ber  33lütcnftrauB 

(-eg,  -^e). 
bundle,  bag  33ünbel  (-g,  -). 
burden,  bie  ?aft  (-,  -en), 
bureau,  ber  2Bäfd)ef(:^ranf  (-g,  -e). 
bum,   brennen   (brannte,  gebrannt), 

öerbrennen;  —  down,  —  to  the 

ground,  nicber^brenncn. 
burning,  bag  brennen  (-g). 
burst,  burc^brcc^cn  (a,  o), 
bury,  begraben  (u,  a), 
bush,  ber  ^ufc^  (-eg,  -e). 
business,  bag  (^3cfc^äft  (-g,  -e);  coll., 

bie    gcfd)äftlic^en    2lngelegenf)eiten; 

bie  ^ixma  (-). 
bust,  bie  53üfte  (-,  -n). 
busy,  tätig,  gcfc^äftig,  rührig;  be  — 

with,  arbeiten  an  {dal.). 
but,    aber,    allein,    fonbem,    nur, 

(nic^tg)  alg. 
buttercup,  bie  $Ranunfe(  (-,  -n). 
buy,  faufen. 
by,   prep.,   burci^,   üon,  megen,  bei; 

adv.,  Dorbei. 
bystanders,  bie  Umftef)enben. 


cackle,  fd^nattem. 

call,  ber  iHuf  (-eg,  -e),  ber  Slufruf 

(-«,  -e). 
call,  V.,  rufen  (ic,  u),  nennen  (nannte, 

genannt),  berufen  (ic,  u);  be  — ed, 

genannt  mcrben,  ^ci^en  (ie,  ei);  — 

for,  nad)=fragen;  —  to,  —  out  to, 

ju^rufcn  {dat.  of  pers.). 
calling,  ber  iöcruf  (-g,  -e);  —  of 

teacher,   ber  'i^c^rbcruf   (-g,  -c), 

bag  Vcbrfad)  (-g,  ^er). 
can,  fönncn  (fonnte,gcfonnt),  mögen, 
candidate,  ber  ilanbibat'  (-cn,  -en). 
canc,  ber  ^Stoif  (-eg,  -^e). 
cannon,  bie  .Vfanone  (-,  -n). 
capable,   fällig,  im   ftanbe;  bc  — , 

fünnen. 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


141 


capital,  bic  .^auptftabt  (-,  ^c). 
capsize,  um^fc^Iagen  (u,  a), 
captain,  ber  Äapitän'  (-«,  -c),  ber 

Hauptmann  (-ö,  -leutc)  (in  the 

army), 
captivfty,  bie  ©cfangcnfc^aft  (-). 
capture,  fangen  (i,  a),  gefangen  mf)= 

men  (a,  genommen),  ein-ne^men, 

erobern,  erbeuten, 
care,  bie  Sorge  (-,  -n);  take  —  of, 

pflegen, 
care,  v.  (for  one),  fic^  (für  jemanb) 

intcrefficren;   mögen   (module,   ge= 

moc^t). 
career,    bie  Karriere   (-,   -n),   baö 

Söarfiötum  (-Ö). 
careful,  forgfältig,  forgfam. 
caress,  Uebfofen. 
caricature,  bie  Äarifatur'  (-,  -en); 

art  of  — ,  bie  Äartfaturfunft  (-). 
carr\',  tragen  (u,  a),  bringen  (brachte, 

gebracht);  —  adrift,  treiben  (ie,  ie); 

—  away,  meg^raffen,  fort^fii^ren; 

—  off,    fort^fc^ieppen,    entführen; 

—  on,  Quö^üben;  —  out,  au^= 
führen;  —  with  one's  self,  mit 
fic^  forttreiben  (i,  i). 

can-e,  fdiniljen. 

case;  in  — ,  fall^,  toenn. 

cast,   njerfen   (a,  0),  gießen  (0,  0) 

(the  bell);  —  down,  adj.,  nicber* 

gefc^Iagcn. 
castle,  bie  53urg  (-,  -en),  ba^  Schloß 

(-eg,  -^er). 
catch,  ber  ^^^g  (-c^^  -05  rnake  a 

— ,  einen  ^ang  tun  (tat,  getan), 
catch,  v.,  fangen  (i,  a), 
cathedral,     ber     3)om    (-cS,    -e); 

the  —  of  Cologne,  ber  Kölner 

3)om. 
Catholic,  fat^o'Iifc^. 
cattle,  baa  S3ief)  (-eg). 
cause,  bie  Urf ad)e  (-,  -n),  ber  örunb 

(-eg,  -^e),  bie  Sacfte  (-,  -n). 
cause,   v.,   berurfac^en,   oeranlaffen, 

ma^en,  bereiten,  laffen  (ie,  a). 


caution,  bie  33orfi(^t. 

cavalr}',  bie  .iiaoallerie'  (-),  bic  9?ci* 

terei  (-,  -en). 
cave,  bic  vSpöf)lc  (-,  -n). 
cease,  auf=^örcn. 
celebrate,  feiern, 
celebrated,  adj.,  berü{)mt. 
cellar,  ber  .fteller  (-g,  -). 
cemetery,  ber  ^rieb^of  (-g,  -"-c). 
census,  bic  35olfg3ä{)Iung  (-,  -en), 
cent,  ber  Gent  (-g,  -g). 
center,  ber  i)J?ittelpunft  (-g,  -e),  bag 

Centrum  (-g,  -tren). 
central,  mittler;  Central  Germany, 

9JiitteIbcutfcf)Ianb. 
centur}',  ha^  3Qf}rI)unbert  (-g,  -e). 
certain,  ficf)cr,  gemiß. 
certificate,  bag  ^^ugnig  (-feg,  -fe); 

—  of  graduation,  bag  SIbgangg- 

^eugnig  (-feg,  -fe). 
chair,  ber  ^tu^l  (-eg,  ^e). 
challenge,  bie  ^eraugforberung  (-, 

-en), 
challenge,   v.,   forbern,   ^eraug^for* 

bern. 
chance,    ber    Buf^^    (-^/    ^0/    ^^^ 

9}^öglic^feit  (-,  -en);  by  — ,  in-- 

fätUg;  by  mere  — ,  burc^  reinen 

chance,  v.  (upon),  öerfalten  (oerfiel, 

a)  (auf  w.  ace). 
chancellor,  ber  9ieic^gf angler  (-g,  -). 
change,    ber   SSec^fel    (-g,   -),    bic 

Snberung  (-,  -en),  bie  33cränbe- 

rung  (-,  -en), 
change,  v.,  oerrtanbein,  önbem;  iulr., 

\id)  änbem. 
channel,  ber  .^anal'  (-g,  ^e). 
chapel,   bie   Äapel'Ic  (-,    -n),   bag 

.^irc^lein  M,  -). 
chapter,  bag  .tapi'tel  (-g,  -);  ber 

Stbfc^nitt  (-g,  -e). 
characteristic,  c^arafteriftift^,  eigen» 

tümlic^  (of,  dat.). 
chariot,  ber  Äöniggmagen  (-g,  -). 
charm,  ber  didi  (-eg,  -e). 


142 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


charming,  anmutig,  anmutcnb,  xtu 

jmb. 
charter,  htv  ^^reibricf  (-Ö,  -e),  ba« 

"ilJriDilecjium  (-«,  -gien). 
chase  (for),  bie  3agb  (narf))  (-,  -en), 
chat,  plaubern,  Derp(aubcrn. 
cheek,  bie  SSange  (-,  -n). 
cheer,  erfreuen, 
cheerful,  fveunbfidi;  l)eiter. 
chemistry,  bie  ^^cmie'  (-). 
cherry,  bie  Äirfc^e  (-,  -n);  sour  — 

tree,  ber  SQaum  mit  [auern  ^ir= 

fc^cn. 
chest,  bie  Xxu^t  (-,  -n). 
chestnut,  bie  ^aftanie  (-,  -n);  — 

tree,  ber  .^a[tanienbaum  (-S,  -^e). 
chicken,  boo  §u^n  (-eS,  ^er). 
chief,   ber  .^ciuptUng   (-8,  -e),  ber 

Slnfü^rcr  (-ä,  -). 
chief,   adj.;  —  thing,   bie  .^aupt* 

fac^e  (-,  -n). 
chiefly,  Porne^mtic^,  ^auptfäc^lid^. 
child,  baS  tinb  (-eö,  -er), 
childlike,  finblic^. 
choice,  bie  2Ba^I  (-,  -en). 
choice,  adj.,  öorjüglic^. 
choir,  baö  S()or  (-Ö,  ^e)  (arch.),  ber 

(Sängcrd)or  (-3,  -e)  (mus.). 
choose,  h)ä^lcn,  ern)äf)len. 
Christ,  (ber)  (E^ril'tuö  {gen.  (S()ri[ti). 
Christian,  ber  (Sfjrift  (-en,  -en). 
Christian,  adj.,  c^riftlic^;  —  God, 

ber  (£^ri[tcngott  (-eö). 
Christianity,  ha^  G^riftentum  (-Ö). 
chronicle,  bie  (£f)ronif  (-,  -en). 
church,  bie  Älrc^e  (-,  -n). 
church  attic,  ber  Äirc^cnbobcn  (-ö, 

-). 
church  tower,  ber  ilirc^turm  (-«, 

■^e). 
churchwarden, ber  ^ir(^öatcr(-«,^). 
churchyard,  ber  ^ird^^of  (-Ö,  -^e). 
circle,  ber  Ärciö  (-eö,  -e). 
circular,  frcifcnb. 

circumstance,  ber  Umftanb  (-e§,  -"-c). 
city,  bie  (Stabt  (-,  •«•e). 


civil,    bürgerlid^;    —    service,    ber 

Staatöbienft   (-e«,  -e);  —  war, 

ber  43ürgerfrieg  (-ö,  -e). 
civilization,  bie3iDiliiation'  (-, -en). 
clad,  gefleibet. 

clasp,  [cf)UeBen  (o,  o),  umarmen, 
classic,  flafi'ifc^. 
clay,  ber  Jon  (-eö,  -  );  ber  ?ei)m 

(-e8). 
clean,  reinigen, 
clear,  beutU^,  ftar. 
clerical,  geiftlid^. 

climate,  baö  ÄUma  (-8,  -tt  or  -ta). 
climb,  tr.,   er[teigen   (ie,  ie);  intr., 

flettcm. 
cling,  flcbcn;  —  (to),  fe[t=f)altcn  (ic, 

a)  (an  w.  dat.). 
clod  of  soil,  bie  (Srbf cootie  (-,  -n). 
close,  adj.,  eng,  bumpf,  bunftig  (air); 

—  by,  na^e  bei;  —  to,  bid^it  bei. 
close,  v.,  [(^ließen  (o,  o). 
cloth,   bag   Xud)   (-eö,  -^cr);  — es, 

bie  Kleiber  {plur.),  bie  ^leibung 

(-,  -en). 
clothe,  fleiben. 
cloud,  bie  iBoIfe  (-,  -n). 
club,  ber  Änüttel  (stick)  (-8,  -). 
club,  ber  tlub  (-8,  -8),  bie  ©cfett- 

jc^aft  (-,  -en). 
clubhouse,  ba8  £lubf)au8  (-e8,  ^er). 
clumsy,  ungcfc^icft. 
cluster,  ber  or  ba8  iöüfd^el  (-8,  -V 
coal,  bie  i?ol)(c  (-,  -n);  —  mine,  ba8 

Äo{)lcnbergrt)crf  (-8,  -c);  —  soot, 

ber  to^lcnru^  (-c8). 
coast,  bie  Äüftc  (-,  -n). 
coat,  ber  9?ocf  (-c8,  -^c). 
colTce,  ber  ilaffee  (-8). 
coin,  prägen, 
cold,  bie  f  iiltc  (-);  {med.)  bie  (Sr= 

fältung   (-,  -en);  catch  — ,  [ic^ 

eine  (5rfältung  gu=jicT)en  (jog,  ge« 

jogcn). 
cold,  adj.,  fait, 
collect,  fammcln,  j^ufammcn  linngcn 

(bracf)te,  gebracf)t). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


143 


collection,  bic  Sammlung  (-,  -en). 

collective,  gefamt. 

Cologne,  Äölii  (-d);  adj.,  Cologne, 
of  Cologne,  Äölucr. 

colonist,  bcr  ^^Ui[ieblcr  (-Ö,  -). 

colony,  bie  Colonic  (-,  -n). 

color,  bie  J^tbc  (-,  -n). 

column  (soldiers),  bcr  ipeer^aufe 
(-ltd,  -n). 

come,  fommcn  (tarn,  0);  —  back, 
5urücf=fommcii;  —  near,  na^  ^cr= 
au-fommcn;  —  out,  ^crauö-fom=^ 
men;  ^  over,  iibcrfommcn;  —  to, 
jum  '^eiDUBtfcin  fommcn;  —  upon, 
entbecfen. 

comfort,  tröften. 

comfortable,  bequem. 

comfortingly,  trö[tli(^,  tröftenb. 

comic  paper,  bad  SSil^blatt  (-[ejö, 
-er). 

command,  bcr  S8efe^(  (-Ö,  -e). 

command,  v.,  bctef)Ien  (a,  0)  (dat. 
of  pers.),  fommanbieren. 

commander,  bcr  5Infü^rer  (-S,  -). 

commence,  beginnen  (a,  0),  dxi' 
lieben  (0,  0). 

commerce,  ber  ^anbel  (-Ö),  ber 
^anbe(3oerfe^r  (-S). 

commercial  academy,  bie  ^anbclö- 
afabcmie  (-,  -n),  bie  ^anbe(d= 
fc^uIe  (-,  -n);  —  center,  h(xi 
^anbeU^entrum  (-0,  -tren);  — 
industry,  ba3  .*panbe(ött>efen  (-ö), 
ber  -Spanbel  (-Ö);  —  trade,  ha^ 
.^anbeldgemerbe  (-d,  -). 

commission,  bie  33e[taltung  (-,  -en), 
bie  0[fijierö[te((e  (-,  -n). 

commodity,  bie  SBare  (-,  -n). 

common,  gemein,  gcmö^nlid),  niebrig; 
have  in  — ,  gemeinfam  ^oben. 

commons,  ber  @emeinbcanger  (-S,-). 

commotion,  bie  Stufregnng  (-,  -en), 
bag  Slufl'e^en  (-Ö). 

community,  bie  ©emeinbe  (-,  -n). 

compact,  gebrängt. 

companion,  ber  @efel(e  (-n,  -n),  ber 


©ct'äljrte  (n,  -n),  ber  Begleiter 

(-Ö,  -). 
company,  bic  öcfctlfc^oft  (-,  -en), 

bic  Begleitung  (-,  -tn). 
compas.sion,  ha^  9Jiitleib  (-0;,  hai 

DJatgcfti^l  (-d). 
comy)el,  jmingen    (a,  u);  be  com- 
pelled, muffen  (muffte,  gemufjt). 
competition,  bcr  ifficttftrcit  (-Ö,  -e). 
complacent,  n3o()(gcfä(iig,  be{)aglic^. 
complain,  flagcn,  \\.d)  bcflagcn. 
complaint,  bic  Ä(age  (-,  -n);  with- 
out  — ,   ol)nc  9Jiurrcn,   of)ne  ju 

murren, 
complete,  v.,  DoUcnbcn. 
complete,    adj.,    oollftanbig,    bo(f- 

fommen;  — ly,  ooUenbö. 
comply  with,  erfüllen, 
compose,     ücrfaffcn,     bilbcn     (the 

choir), 
comprise,  bereinigen,  begreifen  (be= 

griff,    begriffen),    umfaffen,    ent= 

galten  (ie,  a), 
comrade,  bcr  Äamerab  (-en,  -en), 

ber  (^enoffe  (-n,  -n),  ber  (^kfäf)rte 

(-n,  -n). 
conceive,    auö^benfcn    (backte,    ge= 

bac^t),  cntmcrfcn  (a,  0). 
concentrate,  fonjentriercn,  fammcin; 

— d,  gefamt. 
conception,  bie  Huffaffung  (-,  -en), 

ber   Begriff    (-«,   -e),    bie    33or= 

ftettung  (-,  -en), 
concern,  an^ge^en  (ging,  gegangen), 

flimmern, 
conclude,  fc^lie^en  (0,  0),  bcfc^liefeen. 
condition,  ber  3u[tanb  (-eö,  -c),  bie 

Sage   (-,  -n),   bie   Befc^affcnl^eit 

(-,   -en),   ha^   33erf)ältniö    (-fed, 

-fe),  bie  Bebingung  (stipulation) 

(-,  -en), 
conducive,  förberlic^  (to,  dat.). 
conduct,   auö^fü^ren,   betreiben   (ic, 

ie)  (a  trade), 
conductor,  ber  ®d)affner  (-Ö,  -). 
cone,  bcr  S^Pfen  (-Ö,  -). 


144 


GERMAN  PROSE  COMPOSITION 


confer,    öerlei()en    (ie,   ie)    (dat.   of 

pers.). 
confidant,  bcr  33ertrautc  (-n,  -n). 
confidence,  ba^  33ertrauen  (-6),  hai 

3utrauen  (-Ö). 
confidential,  öcrtrauUc^. 
confiscate,  ehvjie^en  (gog,  gebogen), 
congregate,    intr.,    [ic^    sufammen* 

rotten, 
congruity,  ber  Cfinflang  (-Ö,  ^e). 
conjecture,  bie  33ermutung  (-,  -en), 
connect,  oerbinben  (a,  u);  be  — ed 

(with),  gehören  (ju). 
Conrad,  Äonrab  (-ö). 
conscious,  beiüufet  (of,  gen.). 
consecrate,  ftiei^cn. 
consecration,    bie    (Sintt)eif)ung    (-, 

-en), 
consent,   bie   (Einmütig feit   (-),  bie 

3u[timmung  (-),  bie  ßinmifügung 

(-,  -en). 
consent,  v.,  cin=h}i((igen. 
consequently,  folglicf),  folgerid^tig. 
conservatism,    bie    5^euerungö[d^cu 

(-). 
consider,     bebenfen     (bebac^te,     be= 

bad)t),   l^dtcn    (für)    (ie,   o);   be 

— ed,  gelten  für  (a,  o). 
considerable,  betrac^tlid). 
consideration,     bie     ä^ücffid^t     (-, 

-en), 
consist  (of),  befielen  (au3)  (beftanb, 

beftanben). 
consolation,  ber  Jroft  (-eö). 
constant,  beftänbig,  fortgcfe^t. 
Constantine,  Äonftantin  (-g). 
constitute,  bilbcn. 

constitution,  bie  33erfaffung  (-,  -en), 
construct,  auf=fü()rcn. 
consume,  gcbcaud)cn,  öcr.^c^ren,  ,ju* 

bringen  (brad)te,  gcbradjt)  (time), 
contact,  bie  !!Öcrü()rung  (-,  -en),  bie 

33erbinbung  (-,  -en), 
contain,  enthalten  (ie,  a), 
contemplate,  bcab[id)tigen. 
contemj)lative,  befc^auUd). 


contempt,  bie  33erac^tung  (ior.gen.). 
continent,  ber  Continent'  (-g,  -e), 

baö  j^eftlanb  (-eg,  -^er). 
continual,  fortn)ä()renb. 
continue,  iutr.,  fori=fa()ren  (u,  a); 

tr.,  fort'feljen,  fort=fü()ren. 
continuous,  fortgefe^t,  an^altenb. 
contradict,  miberfpredjen  (a,  o)  {dat. 

of  pers.). 
contribute,    beitragen   (u,   a)    (to- 
wards, gu),  ein4egen. 
contribution,  ber  53eitrag  (-Ö,  -^e), 

bie  58ei[teuer   (-,  -n),   bie  (s)abc 

(-,  -n). 
convenience,  bie  S3equemli(^feit  (-, 

-en), 
convert  into  money,  gu  @elb  ma= 

ci^en. 
convey,  beförbem. 
convince,  überzeugen,  überfül^ren. 
cook,  fod^en. 
cooking-school,    bie   Äod^fd^ule   (-, 

-n). 
cool,  fü^I. 

cooperative,  genoffenfc^aftUd^. 
copse,  bag  33orl)ol5  (-eg,  -"-er), 
coral,  bie  ÄoraKc  (-,  -n);  —  island, 

bie  Äoradcniufcl  (-,  -n). 
comer,  ber  SBinfel  (-Ö,  -). 
cornflower,  bie  Kornblume  (-,  -n). 
Cornwall,  (Sornmalüö. 
correct,  richtig, 
corresponding,  cntfprcc^cnb, 
cost,  foften. 
costly,  foftfpielig. 
cottage,    bie    ^üttc    (-,    -n),    bad 

^ftugd^en  (-«,  -). 
counsel,  bcr  dlat  (-cd,  -^c);  take  — , 

ratfd)lagcn. 
counsel,   v.,   ratfd^lagcn,    (fid))    be-- 

roten  (ie,  a), 
count,  ber  Öraf  (-en,  -en), 
countenance,  bad  iHntlilj  (-cd,  -c). 
countess,  bie  C>h-äfin  (-,  -nen). 
country,  bad  Vanb  (-cd,  -^cr  or    c), 

bie  vSpcimat  (-);  —  scat,  bad  Vanb- 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


145 


gut  (-«,  ^cr);  —  town,  bic  ?anb= 

[tabt  (-,  -e). 
couple,  Dercinen. 
course,  ber  \?auf  (-co,  ^c),  bcr  ®ang 

(-eö,  ^e),  bcr  l*ct)rgang  (-g,  -^c); 

of  — ,  natürlich;  —  of  study,  bcr 

(Stubicngang  i-i,  -^e);    drive    off 

its  — ,  Dcrjc^lagcn  (u,  a);  take  a 

— ,  n)citcr=gc()cn  (ging,  gegangen), 
court,  ber  ^of  (-c«,  ^c);  at  — ,  am 

§ore. 
courteous,  ^öfUcf). 
courtier,  bcr  Höfling  (-g,  -c). 
cover;  under  — ,  gcbccft. 
cover,  v.,  bccfen,  bebecfcn,  umfaffcn. 
covering,  bic  X)ecfc  (-,  -n),  bie  Qiw 

banbbccfe  (-,  -n). 
cow,  bie  .^ui)  (-,  -^e). 
coward,  bcr  ^eiS^i^Q  (-^^  -0- 
cowardice,  bie  Jcig^cit  (-). 
crackle,  rafc^cln,  fni[tem. 
cranberry,  bie  ^reißelbeere  (-,  -n). 
cranny,  bic  (Ecfe  (-,  -n). 
crash,  ber  Irac^  (-6). 
crawfish,  bcr  trcbä  (-c^,  -e). 
crawl    through,    burc^=frieci^cn    (0, 

0). 
create,  fc^affcn  (fc^uf,  a),  er[cf)affen, 

ein=ri(f)tcn;  — d,  adj.,  erfcf}affcn. 
creation,   bie   Sd^öpfung    (-,   -en), 

bai  (Sr^eugnig  (-feS,  -fe). 
Creator,  bcr  2cf)öpfer  (-§,  -). 
creature,  baö  (^cfc^öpf  (-e^S,  -e),  'Ha^ 

Söcfen  (-«,  -). 
creek,    ber    ^aä)    (-e§,    -^e),    bag 

^tüBcficn  (-«,  -). 
creep  through,  burd^fricc^cn  (0,  0), 

tr. 
criticize,  frttificrcn,  beurteilen, 
croak,  fräc^^cn. 
crop,  bie  (Smte  (-,  -n)  (of,  an  w. 

dat.). 
cross,  ba^3  Äreu^,  (-eä,  -e). 
cross,  v.,  quer  burc^  .  .  .  ge^cn  (ging, 

gegangen), 
cross-bow,  bie  $Irmbru[t  (-,  -^c). 


crosswise,  freu^rocifc. 

crowd,  bic  (groRc)  5(^ar  (-,  -en);  — 

of  boys,  bic  itnabenfdjar  (-,  -en), 
crowded,  gebrängt  DoIl. 
crowding   together,    bai   gcbrangtc 

3uiammcnn)of)ncn. 
crown,  bic  Ärone  (-,  -n). 
crucifix,  bad  Ärcuj  (-eg,  -c),  bag 

^rujifif'  (-C3,  -e). 
crucify,   frcujigen;  crucified,  pers., 

ber  ©cfreu^igte  (-n). 
cruel,  unbarm^erjig,  graufam;  — ly, 

graufam. 
cruelty,  bic  (^rau[amfcit  (-,  -en), 
crusade,  bcr  Ärcu^jug  (-d,  *e). 
crush,  jcrmalmen. 
cry,  bcr  iKuf  (-co,  -c). 
cr}',  v.,  fdjrcicn  (ie,  ic),  rufen  fie,  u). 
crystal  palace,  ber  (^ladpalaff  (-«, 

-e). 
cuckoo,  bcr  Äucfucf  (-«,  -e). 
culminate,  gipfeln, 
cultivate,  pflegen, 
cultivation,  ber  2Inbau  (-g);  —  of 

the  soil,  ber  gelbbau  (-Ö). 
culture,  bie  Silbung   (-,  -en),  ber 

SInbau  (-S),  bie  ^15flege  (-). 
cunning,  bie  Sc^lau^cit  (-). 
cunning,  adj.,  fc^lau,  Uftig. 
cup,  bic  Joffe  (-,  -n). 
cur,  ber  .Köter  (-ö,  -). 
curious,   feltfam,   merfraiirbig,   fon- 

berbar. 
curl,  bie  Socfe  (-,  -n). 
customar\',  üblic^. 
cut,   fc^nciöcn    (fc^nitt,    gcfd^nittcn), 

{)aucn  (^ieb,  au),  abbauen,  mäl)cn 

(mow);    —    down,     fallen;    — 

off,   ab=f(^neibcn;   —   one's  way 

through,  fic^  burc^^fämpfen. 


daily,  täglich . 

damage,  ber  Schaben  (-«, 
Unveil  (-g). 


0,  bad 


146 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


damp,  feu(i)t. 

danger,  bie  ©efa^r  (-,  -en). 

Daniel,  (ber)  Daniel  (-Ö). 

dare,  bürfen  (burfte,  geburft). 

dark,  bunfel,  finfter. 

darken,  inir.,  \i(i)  oerfinftern. 

darkness,   bie  X)unfcl()eit  (-,  -en), 

hai  !SunfeI  (-g);  —  sets  in,  eö 

bunfelt. 
dash,   ftürjen,   fprengcn   (= gallop), 

fcf)lagen  (u,  a)  (against,  gegen), 
date,  ber  ^eitpunft  (-6,  -e). 
date,  v.,  baticrcn. 
daughter,  bie  lochtet  (-,  ^). 
daw,  bie  So^Ie  (-,  -n). 
dawn,    bie     (9)iorgen05)äminerung 

(-,  -en), 
day,  ber  Jag  (-eS,  -e);  —light,  ha^ 

2ageölirf)t  (-Ö);  the  —'s  work, 

bie  täg(id)e  i^Irbcit  (-,  -en), 
dead,  adj.,  tot,  auögcftorben. 
dead,  pers.,  ber  Xote  (-n,  -n). 
deadly,  töblid). 
deal  out,  aug^eilen. 
dean,  ber  2)efan'  (-Ö,  -e). 
dear,  lieb,  teuer. 
death,  ber  Job  (-eö);  —  rate,  bie 

©terblic^fcit  (-). 
decade,  baö  ^a^qe^nt  (-e^,  -e). 
decide,  entfd)eiben  (ie,  ie),  bcfi^Ue^en 

(0,  0),  fic^  entfd)liei^en  (0,  0). 
deck,  baö  35erbecf  (-Ö,  -e). 
declare,  erflären,  auö^rufen  (ie,  u) 

(SU). 
decline,  ber  33erfa(l  (-Ö). 
decline,    v.,    inir.,    nad)=laffen    (ie, 

a),  ab=ne^men  (a,  genommen), 
declining,  öorgerüdft. 
decrease,  ab=net)mcn  (a,  genommen), 
dedicate,  n3ei()cn  {dal.  of  pers.), 
deed,  bie  Xat  (-,  -en). 
deep,  bie  Xicfe  (-,  -n). 
deep,  adj.,  tief, 
defect,  ba^  Wcbred)cn  (-8,  -). 
defender,  ber  5i<crteibiger  (-8,  -). 
defiant,  trotjig. 


degrade,  entel)ren,  emiebrtgen. 
degree,  ber  (^rab  (-e3,  -e). 
deliberate,  bebäc^tig. 
deliberation,  bie  iöcratung  (-,  -en), 
delight,  bag  iöergnügen  (-8,  -),  ba8 

(Sntjücfen  (-8),  bie  greube  (-,  -n). 
delight,  v.,  erfreuen;  be  — ed,  fici) 

freuen,  ent^ücft  fein  (with,  Don), 
deliverance,  bie  ^öefreiung  (-,  -en), 

bie  (Srlöfung  (-,  -en), 
delude,  betören, 
demand,  ba8   3Serlangen   (-8),  ber 

33efef)l  (-8,  -e). 
demand,  v.,  Oerlangen,  forbem. 
demonstrate,  jcigen. 
dense,  bic^t. 

density,  bie  Dic^ttgfeit  (-,  -en), 
depart,  ab-fat)ren   (u,  a),  ab=3icl)en 

(50g,  gepgcn);  fic^  entfernen,  fid) 

ücrabfd)icbcn. 
department,  bie  5(bteilung  (-,  -en). 
dependent,  ab()üngig  (upon,  Don). 
depression  of  the  ground,  bie  ^0= 

benfenfung  (-,  -en), 
deprive,    berauben    (of,    gen.);    be 

— d,  oerluftig  ge^en  (of,  gen.). 
depth,    bie    liefe    (-,   -n);   —   of 

thought,  bie  (s^ebanf  en  tiefe, 
deride,  Derfpottcn,  ücrl)öl;ncn. 
derive,    I)er4citcn,    bejiel)cn    (bejog, 

bejogen). 
describe,  bcfd)rcibcn  (ie,  ie). 
description,  bie^öcfdjreibung  (-,-en). 
descry,  erfpäl)en. 
desert,  öerlaffen  (ie,  a);  — ed,  üer= 

öbet. 
deserve,  ücrbienen. 
design,  cntmcrfcn  (a,  0). 
designate,  nennen  (nannte,  genannt), 

benennen  (benannte,  benannt), 
desirable,  Uiihifd)cuc(uicrt. 
desire,   ber   ilUnifd)   (-e8,  -^e),   ba8 

58erlangen  (-8). 
desire,  v.,  münfdien,  looltcn. 
despair,  bie  '-inT^m  ei  flung  (-). 
despise,  t»erad)ten. 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


147 


destine,  bcftimmcn;  be  — d,  foKcn. 

destroy,  gerftörcn. 

destruction,     bic     ^cr[törung     (-, 

-en), 
detail,   bic  (5injelf)cit   (-,  -en),  bic 

(Sin5cl()citcn  {coll.). 
determine,  bc[cI)UcBcn  (0,  0). 
devastate,  Dcrmtiftcn. 
develop,  entmicfeln;  intr.,  fid^  ent= 

micfcln. 
development,    bic   ©ntiuicflung    (-, 

-en). 
devil,  ber  Xcufel  (-Ö,  -). 
devote,   iibcrlaffcn   (tc,   a),   mibmcn 

{dat.    of    pers.);    — d,    gciüci^t, 

ergeben  (dat.). 
devotion,  bic  (Vi'ömmigfeit  (-). 
die,  [terbcn  (a,  0). 
differ,  [ic^  imtcrjc^ciben  (ic,  ic). 
difference,  bic  2trcitigfeit  (-,  -en), 
different,  ocrfcfjicbcn,  anber^;  of  a  — 

opinion,  anbrcr  'Dkinung. 
difficulty,  bic  9J?ü(}e  (-,  -n). 
dignitary,  ber  ^ürbcnträgcr  (-ö,  -). 
dignity,  bic  SSürbc  (-,  -n). 
dilapidated,  öerfaKen. 
diligence,  ber  ^^(ciB  (-co). 
dine,  fpetfcn,  3U  DJJittag  cffen  (aß, 

gcgeffen). 
dining-room,  baö  ©peifegimmcr  (-6, 

-). 
dinner,  ba«  9}?ittagöeffen  {-§,  -). 
diocese,  bic  ©iö^efc  (-,  -n). 
direct,  (ben  SScg)  jeigen,  mcifen  (ic, 

ic),  führen  (=lead). 
direction,  bic  9?ic^tung  (-,  -en), 
director,  ber  ^ireftor  (-Ö,  -en). 
dirty,  fcbmufeig. 
disadvantage,    ber   Übel[tanb    (-eg, 

■^c). 
disagree,  iriberfprec^en  (a,  0)  (with, 

dat.). 
disappear,  ücrfc^lüinben  (a,  u),  ber= 

finfen  (a,  u). 
discern,  unterfc^ctben  {it,  ic),  rt)a^r= 

nel^mcn  (a,  genommen). 


discover,  cntbecfen,  auf=finben  (a,  u). 
disgrace,  bic  5cf)anbe  ( -)• 
dish,  bie  5cl)üffe(  (-,  -n). 
dismount,  nb  [teigen  (ic,  ic). 
display,   jcigen,   jur   ^d)ou    tragen 

(u,  a), 
displease,  mißfaUcn  (fid,  a)  {dat.). 
disposal,   bic   ^-öcrfügung    (-,  -en); 

have  at  one's  — ,  über  ctrnai  ju 

öcrfügcn  ^aben. 
dispute,  ber  Streit  (-c^),  ber  3-^1^= 

[palt  (-Ö,  -c). 
dispute,  v.,  bcftreiten  (be[tritt,  be= 

ftrittcn),  an=fcc^tcn  (0,  0). 
disrupt,  jcrrcifjcn  (i,  i),  [törcn. 
distance,    bic    gerne    (-,   -n),    bic 

SBcite  (-,  -n),  bic  Strccfe  (-,  -n); 

some  — ,  adv.,  eine  furje  StrcdEc 

(meit);  for  a  great  — ,  ireit^in. 
distant,  f^nt,  entfernt, 
distinctive,  bcfonbcr. 
distinguish,  unterfd)ciben  (ic,  ic). 
distinguishable,  crfennbar. 
distress,  ber  Sc^merg  (-co,  -en),  "öa^ 

Unglüd  (-S). 
distribution,  bie  3Scrtci(ung  (-,  -en), 
district,   ber   33c5irf   (-Ö,   -c),   ba« 

®cbict  (-ö,-e),bie(ycgenb  (-,-cn). 
distrustful,  mif^trauifc^. 
disturb,  ftören,  auf=ftören,  auf=rcgen. 
dive,  tauchen, 
divers,  t)erf(^iebcn. 
diversion,  bic  Unter^Itung  (-,  -en), 

ba^  33ergnügen  (-Ö,  -). 
divide,  trennen, 
divine,  göttUc^. 
division,  bie  (Sintcilung  (-,  -en),  bie 

Seftion'  (-,  -en). 
do,    tun    (tat,    getan),    an=rid^ten 

(damage);  —  wrong,  unrecht  tun. 
doctor,  ber  T)oftor  (-Ö,  -en);  the 

— 's  degree,  ber  Xioftorgrab  (-eg, 

-e);    —    of    laws,    ©of tor    ber 

doe,  bag  9?c^  (-g,  -e). 
dog,  ber  .^unb  (-eg,  -e). 


148 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


doings,  ba^  Xun  (-Ö),  ber  S^it\)zX' 

treib  (-ö,  -e). 
dominion,  baö  dldd)  (-ti,  -c),  baä 

®ebiet  (-Ö,  -e),  bic  ganbfc^aft  (-, 

-en),  ber  Sanbeöteil  (-S,  -e),  bie 

^errfc^aft  (-,  -en)  (=rule). 
door,  bie  Züx  (-,  -en), 
double,  intr.,  [icf)  öerboppeln. 
doubt,  ber  ^w^U^l  {-^,  -);  no  — , 

adv.,  o^ne  3^^if^^- 
doubt,  v.,  jtDcifeln. 
down,  adv.,  nieber,  f)inunter;  —  to, 

big  gu. 
dozen,  ha^  3)u^enb  (-Ö,  -e). 
draft,  ber  (Sntmurf  (-Ö,  ^e). 
drag,   frf)(eppen;  —  hither,   l^erbet* 

fc^icppen. 
dragon-fly,  bie  Libelle  (-,  -n). 
drain,  trinfen  {a,  u),  leeren, 
drama,  baö  3)ramo  (-3,  -men), 
draught,  ber  Jrunf  (-g,  ^e). 
draw,     siel)en     (gog,    gcjogcn);    — 

forth,  fort=gief)en,  t)eraug=sic{)en;  — 

up,  ein^jie^en,  \id)  aufkriegten  (= 

straighten  up). 
drawer,  ber  Sluöjug  (-3,  -^e). 
drawing-hall,   ber  ^^^tfienfaal    (-g, 

-fäle). 
dreadful,  furd^tbar. 
dream,  ber  Xraum  (-8,  ^e). 
dream,  v.,   träumen;  — ing,   träu= 

merifd^. 
drench,  baben. 

dress,  fleiben;  —  up,  an^fieiben. 
dressing-room,  ba6  Slnfleibcjimmer 

(-«,  -). 
drink,  ber  2:runf  (-8,  ^e);  food  and 

— ,  (bag)  (Sffen  unb  Xrinfen. 
drink,  v.,  trinfen  (a,  u). 
drip,  tröpfeln, 
drive,    treiben    do,    ie),    iagen;    — 

away,  fort=trcibcn,  öertrcibcn,  ocr- 

iagen;  —  down,  {)inab  treiben;  — 

ofT,    oerfrf)(agen    (u,    a)    (olT    its 

course);  —  out,  auS- treiben,  öcr^ 

treiben. 


drop,  ber  Xropfen  (-8,  -). 

drop,  v.,  fallen  laffen  (ie,  a)  (=let 

fall);    —    down,    ^ernieber^ge^en 

(ging,  gegangen), 
drown,  ertrinfen  (a,  u),  ijitr. 
drowsiness,    bie    <Scf)läfrigfeit;    — 

during  the  sermon,  ber  Äirc^cn^ 

f(^laf  (-8). 
drowsy,  fi^lüfrig,  einfc^läfemb. 
drug  store,  bie  2Ipotl)e'fe  (-,  -n),  bie 

X)roguerie'  (-,  -n). 
druggist,  ber  Slpot^e'fer  (-8,  -),  ber 

2)roguift'  (-en,  -en), 
dry,  trocfen,  burr, 
duck,  bie  (Snte  (-,  -n);  wild  — ,  bie 

SBilbente  (-,  -n). 
due;  it  is  all  —  to  .  .  .,  all  ha^  ift 

öeranlafjt  burcf)  .  .  . 
duel,  ber  ^rocifampf  (-8,  -^e),  bai 

Sucir  (-8,  -e);  fight  a  — ,  fief) 

buellicren. 
duke,  ber  öerjog  (-8,  ^e). 
dull,  bumpf. 

duration,  bic  ^auer  (-). 
during,  n)äl)renb. 
dust,  ber  Staub  (-e8). 
Dutch,  ^ollanbifc^,  nieberlänbifc^. 
duty,  bie  ^^iiid^t  (-,  -en),  bic  iöer* 

pflic^tung    (-,    -en);    be    in    — 

bound,  bie  'i}3flid)t  ^aben,  öerpflid^* 

tet  fein;  on  — ,  im  X)ienft. 
dwarf,  ber  S^^'^^%  i-^^>  "O- 
dwell,  l^aufcn. 
dwelling,  — house,  bic  iBobnung 

(-,  -en),  ba8  3Bo^nl)au8  (-c8,  ^cr). 
dwindle,  ab=ne^mcn  (a,  genommen), 

fid)  Dcrringern. 
dynasty,    bie    X)l)naftie'     (-,    -n); 

the  Hohenzollem  — ,  ha»  ^au» 

^oljcnjoncrn. 

£ 

each,  icbcr,  — c,  — e8;  —  other,  ein« 

anber,  fic^. 
eager,  gcfpannt,  eifrig  (lover). 


GERMAN    PROSE    COMPOSITION 


149 


ear,  baS  O^r  (-co,  -en). 

earlv,  friif);  —  poems,   ^ugcnbgc» 

bi'd)te  {pliir.). 
earn,  erroerbcn  (a,  0),  ocrbicncn. 
earnest,  eru[t,  aufrichtig, 
earth,  bie  Grbe  (-,  -n);  on  — ,  auf 
earthly,  irbiicf).  [Grben. 

earthquake,  ba§  (Srbbebeii  {-^,  -). 
ease,  bie  9iut)e  (-),  ber  2öot)lftanb 

east,  ber  Cfteii  (-^,  -);  East  Prus- 
sian, oitpreußüd);  — of,  öltlic^ 
oon. 

Easter,  bie  Cl'tent  iplur.),  hn^ 
Ol'terfei't  (-eg,  -e). 

easy,  leicht;  on  —  terms,  unter 
leichten  ißebingungen. 

eat,  effen  (aß,  gegcffcn). 

eating-house,  bag  Speife^aug  (-eg, 
■^er). 

ebb,  bie  ^hht  (-,  -n). 

ecclesiastic,  ecclesiastical,  firc^- 
lic^. 

echo,  ha§  (Sd^o  (-g,  -g). 

economic,  (DoIfg)it>irtfcf)aftUc^. 

economical,  öfonomifcf),  n)irt|(^aft= 
lief). 

edge,  ber  9?anb  (-eg,  ^er),  ber  Saum 

edifice,   bag  (^ebäube   (-g,  -),   ber 

33au  (-g,  -ten), 
editor,  ber  öerauggeber  (-g,  -). 
education,   bie  (?rjief)ung,  ber  Un= 

terric^t  (-g),  bie  Slugbilbung. 
educational  establishment,  bie  Un= 

terric^tgani'talt  (-,  -en), 
effective,  njirffam. 
effort,  bie  5In[trengung  (-,  -en),  bie 

SIrbeit   (-,  -en),   bie  Betätigung 

(-,  -en),  ba^$  Beftreben  (-g). 
e.g.,  sum  33ei|piel  (3.  B.). 
egg,  ha^i  (si  (-[e]g,  -er), 
eight,  ac^t. 
eighty,  ac^tjig. 
either  .  .  .  or  .  .  .,  entmeber  .  .  . 

ober  .  .  .;  teilg  .  .  .  teilg  .  .  . 


elapse,     Dorüber-gc^cn     (ging,    gc» 

gangen). 
Elbe,  bie  (5tbe  (-). 
elderly,  ältlic^. 
elect,  roäf)len. 

elector,  ber  Äurfürft  (-en,  -en), 
electricity,  bie  (Slcftrijitaf  (-,  -en), 
elegant,  fein,  fc^ön. 
elevation,  bie  .<pö^e  (-,  -n),  bie  3In» 

\)öt)c  (-,  -n),  bie  ipebung  iahstr.) 

(-,  -en), 
elm,  bie  Ulme  (-,  -n). 
else,  fonft,  anberg;  nowhere  — ,  [onft 

nirgenbg;  — where,  fonftroo,  an* 

bergroo. 
embassy,     bie     ©efanbtfc^aft     (-, 

-en), 
embrace,  umfaffen. 
emigrant,  ber  (Einroanberer  (-g,  -), 

ber  5lugrtianberer  (-g,  -). 
emit,  aug=ftra^len. 
emperor,  ber  Äaifer  (-g,  -). 
empire,    bag    9icic^    (-g,    -e),    "ba^ 

^aif erreich  (-g,  -e). 
employ,      befc^äftigen,      an^menben 

(manbte,  geroanbt). 
employee,  ber  SIngcftedte  (-n,  -n). 
empty,  aug^eeren,  aug^giepen  (0,  0) 

(=pour  out), 
emulation,  ber  SBettftreit  (-g,  -e). 
encamped,  gelagert,  im  ?ager. 
enchant,  Dersaubcm,  bezaubern, 
enclose,  see  inclose, 
encourage,     ermutigen,     9!)2ut    ju* 

fprec^cn  (a,  0)  {dat.  of  pers.). 
end,  bag  (Enbe  (-g,  -n),  bag  ^\d 

(-eg,  -e),  ber  S^td  (-g,  -e);  to 

this  — ,  ju  biefem  ^n^ecfe. 
end,  v.,  enben. 

endeavor,  fid)  bemühen,  fuc^cn. 
endless,  enblog. 
endow,  aug=ftattcn;  —  with,   ber« 

fcfyaffen  idat.  of  pers.). 
endurance,  bog  (Srtragcn  (-g),  bie 

58ef)arrU(f)feit. 
enemy,  ber  ^cinb  (-eg,  -e). 


ISO 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


energy,  bic  Gnergic',  bie  f  raftfiirte. 

engage,  an=roerbcn  (a,  o);  — d,  be- 
fc^äftigt  (in,  mit). 

engine,  bie  !Damp[mafd)ine  (-,  -n). 

engineering,  bie  3ngcuicur=Äunft, 
bie  9[y?afd)incnfunbc. 

England,  {ba§)  gnglanb  H). 

English,  englifc^. 

engulf,  ücr[cf)lingcn  (a,  u). 

enhance,  er^ö{)en. 

enjoy,  fid)  erfreuen  (gen.),  befi^en 
(befa§,  befeffen). 

enjoyment,  bie  ^reube  (-,  -n),  bie 
?uft  (-,  -e). 

enlarge,  eriüeitcm. 

enlighten,  erleuchten. 

enormous,  gewaltig,  fc^recflic^,  unge= 
l^euer. 

enough,  genug. 

enraged,  h)ütenb. 

enroll,  einschreiben  (ie,  ie). 

ensue,  folgen. 

enter,  treten  (a,  e),  eintreten  (intr.), 
betreten  (tr.),  sief)en  (50g,  gebogen), 
besie{)en  (bejog,  bejogen)  (a  col- 
lege); —  the  army,  in  bie  Slrmee 
eintreten. 

entertain,  f)egen  (a  suspicion). 

entertaining,  unter()a(tenb. 

enthusiastically,  öotl  S3egeiftcrung. 

entice,  locfen. 

entire,  gan^. 

entirely,  gänjUd^,  auöfd)UeJ3lid^. 

entirety,  bie  Öanj^cit,  bie  33oII= 
ftänbigfeit. 

entrails,  bie  (Singclüeibe  iplur.). 

entrance,  ber  Gintritt  (-Ö),  ber  @in* 
gang  (-S,  -e). 

entrap,  bcriicfcn. 

entreaty,  bic  crnftlic^e  S3itte  (-/-n). 

envelop,  umI)iU(cn. 

epic,  cpifc^. 

equal,  glcicf),  äljnlic^  (to,  dat.). 

era,  baö  .Zeitalter  (-8,  -),  bie 
•ißeriobc    (-,   -n),    ber   ^fit^öw"^ 


erect,  errichten. 

erection,  bie  (Srric^tung  (-,  -en),  ber 

33au  {'%,  -ten), 
escape,  entfommen  (cntfam,  0),  cnt* 

fliegen  (0,  0),  entgegen  (entging, 

entgangen)  {all  w.  dat.). 
especially,  bcfonberö. 
espy,  erfpät)en. 
essence,  baö  2öefen  (-ö,  -). 
establish,  begrünben,  errieten,  ein= 

rillten,  anlegen, 
establishment,  baö  ®efcf)äft  (-8,  -e), 

bie  Einlage  (-,  -n). 
estate,  bie  33cfi^ung  (-,  -en),  baä 

?anbgut  (-8,  ^er),  (=rank)  ber 

(Stanb  (-eö,  ^e);  landed  — ,  bag 

^ammergut  (-8,  -^er). 
esteem,  bie  öoc^a^tung  (-). 
etc.,  u.f.ro.  (unb  fo  meiter). 
eternal,  eraig. 
Europe,  (Suropa  (-8). 
even,  adv.,  fogar,  felbft,  fogar  noc^, 

fc^on;  —  as,  ebenfo;  not  — ,  nic^t 

einmal, 
evening,  ber  5lbenb  (-8,  -e);  —  bell, 

bie  Slbenbglocfe  (-,  -n);  ringing  of 

—  bells,  ba8  5(benbläuten  (-8). 
event,  bie  iöegcbcn^cit  (-,  -en),  ba8 

(Srcigni8  (-fed,  -fe). 
ever,  jemalö,  immer,  ftet8. 
every,  Jcbcr,  — e,  — e8;  — body,  icber= 

mann;  — thing,   alle8;  — where, 

überall.  [fcbcinlidj. 

evident,    offenbar,    bcutUil),    äugen- 
evil,  ba8  Übel  (-8,  -),  ber  i)J?iBftanb 

(-e8,  ^c);  —  arts,  (Sc^ioarsfunft 

(-  -c)/. 
evince,  an  ben  Zaq  legen, 
exact,  genau;   most  — ly,  auf8  ge* 

nauefte. 
examination,  bie  "ißrüfung  (-,  -cn). 
examine,  unterfud^cn,  bctrad^tcn,  fra» 

gen  (=ask). 
example,  ba8  'i^cifpicl  (-8,  -e);  for 

— ,  äum  ^^cifptcl  (3.  iö.). 
exceed,  übertreffen  (übertraf,  0). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


151 


Excellency,  bic  Grccdcn-,'  (-,  -en), 
excellent,  Dor-jüglicf),  auößc^cic^nct. 
except,  v.,  au^^nc^mcn  {a,  genom-- 

mcn). 
except,  adv.,  auögcnommcn,  außer 

{(kl.). 
exception,  bic  ?Iii^na^mc  (-,  -n). 
exchange,  ücrtaiifc{)en  (for,  mit  or 

gegen),  au^^taufc^en. 
excite,  erregen. 

excitement,  bie  5Iufregung  (-,  -en), 
exclaim,  au^^rufcn  (ie,  u). 
excuse,    cntfc^ulbigcn,    fic^    mcigcm 

(=decline). 
exercise,  bie  iöeroegung  (-,  -en);  — 

in  high  throwing,  bie  SBurfübung 

(-,-en). 
exercise,  v.,  üben, 
exert,  auö-üben. 
exhale,  Qu^=atmen. 
exhaust,  erfd)öpfen,  ermüben. 
exhibition,  bie  ^2Iu^[teUung  (-,  -en), 
exist,  bcftc^en  (beftanb,  beftanben). 
existence,  bie  Gfil'ten,'  (-,  -en),  ba^ 

33citef)en  (-Ö),  ba^  ^aidn  (-3);  be 

in  — ,  bc[tef)en  (bcftanb,  beftanben). 
expansion,  bie  3Iuebc^nung,  bie  2tei= 

gerung. 
expansive,  breit,  runb. 
expect,  erroarten;  be  — ed,  folten. 
expectantly,  gcfpannt,  Dott  (Srroar^ 

tung. 
expedition,   ber   3Iuöf(ug   M,  ^e), 

bie  gorfcf)ungöreii'e  (= exploration) 

(-,  -n),  (of  war)  ber  Äriegäjug 

(-«,  -e). 
expel,  öertreiben  (ic,  te). 
expense,  bie  2Iu^3gabc  (-,  -n),  bie 

£o[ten  (plur.). 
experiment,  ejperimenttcren. 
experimental  garden,  ber  3Serfucf)^= 

garten  (-ö,  ^). 
explain,  erflaren. 

exploration,  bie  Grforfc^ung  (-,  -en), 
explosion,  ber  .^natl  f-eö,  -e  or  ^e). 
expose,  auö^fet-en  (dat.). 


express,  auö^brücfen,  be^eicf)ucn. 
expression,  ber  "iiuöbrucf   (-d,  -^c); 

give  —  to,  '2lu«(brucf  geben  (a,  c) 

(dat.). 
extend,  iuir.,  fief)  erftrecfcn,  (=offer) 

getüäbrcn    idal.   of  pers.);    —cd, 

audgebcbnt;  be  — ed,  [id^  ricf)ten 

(to,    auf   w.   ace);   —   beyond, 

^inauö=gel)en  über, 
extensive,  auögcbe^nt, 
extent,  bad  3)?aB  (-ed,  -e),  ber  Um= 

fang  (-Ö,  ^e),  bie  Sludbebnung. 
extraordinär)',  auBcrorbentUc^. 
exultation,  ber  3ubel  (-ö). 
eye,  t>aö   'ütuge  (-d,  -n);  ber  55Iict 


F 


fagade,  bie  ^^affabe  (-,  -n). 

face,  ha^  ©efic^t  (-ed,  -er). 

facilities,  günftige  Ci^elegen^eitcn 
iplur.). 

fact,  bie  Jatfadie  (-,  -n). 

faculty,  bie  ^^afultät'  (-,  -en). 

fairly,  faum,  jiemlic^,  tatfäcf)li(^. 

fairv,  bie  gee  (-,  -n); tale,  bad 

maxdftn  (-d,  -). 

faith,  ber  (^laube(n)  (-nd,  -n),  bic 
^Religion'  (-,  -en). 

faithful,  treu,  getreu. 

faithfully,  getreulich. 

faithfulness,  bie  Jreuc. 

falcon-garment,  ha^  J^lfcnfebcr* 
fleib  (-ed,  -er). 

fall,  faUen  (fiel,  a),  finfen  (a,  u);  — 
asleep,  ein-fcf)lafen  (ie,  a);  —  back 
on,  (feine)  3^flucf)t  nehmen  ju  .  . .; 
—  down,  nieber=faUen;  —  in 
(with),  3ufammen=treffcn  (traf,  0) 
(mit);  —  (into),  geraten  (ie,  a) 
(in);  —  upon,  überfallen. 

falter,  irre^mac^en. 

fame,  ber  9iuf)m  (-d). 

family,  bie  5°^"^'^^  (->  ~")»  ^^^ 
^aud  (= dynasty)  (-cd,  -"-er). 


152 


GERMAN  PROSE  COMPOSITION 


famous,  berüfimt. 

fancy,  bie  iM)anta[ic  (-,  -n). 

fancy,  v.,   benfen   (bacf)tc,  gebac^t), 

fic^  benfen,  fief)  cin-bilben. 
far,  meit,  fern;  adv.,  raeit;  by  — ,  bei 

meitem;  as  —  as,  fo  meit  al«. 
fare,  get)en  (ging,  gegangen),  crge{)en; 

how  did  you  — ?  lüic  ging   eö 

3^nen?;  —  well,  fief)  gut  befinben 

(0;  u). 

farm,  ber  ^of  (-e«,  ^e),  ha^  öe^öft 

M,  -e). 
farmyard,  ber  Sauern^of,  ber  §of, 

baö  öet)öft. 
farther,  n?eiter. 
fashion,  bie  TloU  (-,  -n),  bie  @e= 

ftalt  (-  -en):  bie  %xt  (-,  -en), 
fast,  adj.,  feft. 
fast,  1'.,  faften. 
fasten,  befeftigen. 
fatal,  Der{)ängniöoon,  unf)eilootl. 
father,  ber  5>ater  (-g,  ^). 
fatherland,  ha^  3?aterlanb  (-eg,  -^er). 
fathom,  bie  t (after  (-,  -n)  (6  feet), 
favorable,  günftig. 
favorite,  ber  IHebling  {-^,  -e);  — 

son,  ber  ^iebling^fo^n  (-g,  ^c);  — 

spot,  ber  ^ieblinggplalj  (-eg,  ^e). 
fear,  bie  gurcf)t  (-). 
fear,  v.,  fürd)tcn. 
fearful,  furcf)tbar. 
feast-day,  ber  gefttag  (-eg,  -e). 
feature,  ber  Örunbjug  (-eg,  ^e). 
feel,  fü()len,  empfinbcn  (a,  u);  iiür., 

fid)  füllen;  —  bored,  Langeweile 

^aben. 
fellow,   ber  33urfc^e   (-n,  -n),   ber 

Ä^erl  (-g,  -c). 
fellow-countryman,  ber  Sanbgmann 

(-g,  -leute). 
female,  meiblicb. 
fence,  ber  ^ß"^  (-Ö;  -so- 
fern, hai  ^arnfraut  (-g,  -^er). 
fertile,  frurf)tbar,  crtraggfä{)ig. 
festal,  fcftlid),  fcierlid);  —  hall,  ber 

^veftfaal  (-g,  -fäle). 


festive,  feftUc^. 

festivity,  bie  geftUc^fcit  (-,  -en). 

fettered,  gefeffelt. 

few,  menige;  a  — ,  einige,  ein  paar. 

fiddle,  bie  Öeigc  (-,  -n). 

field,  bag  gelb  (-eg,  -cr),  bag  &thkt 

(-g,  -e)  (of  learning,  etc.);  — s, 

bie  (^efilbe  {pliir.)\  —  of  studies, 

bag  Stnbienfelb  (-eg,  -cr). 
fifteen,  fünfje[)n. 
fifty,  fünfzig, 
fight,  ber  .^ampf  (-eg,  ^e);  stop  the 

— ,  bem  Kampfe  (Sinf)alt  tun  (tat, 

getan), 
fight,  v.,  fömpfen,  ftreiten  (ftritt,  gc= 

ftritten);  —  against,   befämpfen; 

—  on,  ftieiter  fämpfen;  —  one's 

way,  fic^  burd)4c^lagen  (u,  a), 
figure,  bie  Öeftalt  (-,  -en);  —  of 

a    saint,    bie    Heiligenfigur'    (-, 

-en), 
fill,  füllen,  auffüllen,  (= fulfill)  cr= 

füllen;  —  in,  aug^füllen. 
finally,  enblic^,  jule^t. 
financial,  finanziell', 
finch,  ber  gint  (-en,  -en), 
find,  finben  (a,  u);  be  found,  fic^ 

finben. 
fine,  fein,  fc^ön,  prächtig;  — ly,  ^err* 

lid);    the    —    arts,    bie  'fc^önen 

fünfte, 
finger,  ber  '^'m^ti  (-g,  -). 
finish,  bcenbigen,  Dotlcnben. 
fir,  bie  lanne  (-,  -n). 
fire,   bag   g-cucr   (-g,  -);  take  — , 

geuer  fangen  (i,  a), 
firearm,  bie  Jvcuermaffc  (-,  -n). 
firebrand,     ber     J^cucrbranb    (-eg, 

-e). 
fire-hook,  ber  Jveuerbafou  (-g,  -). 
fire-ladder,  bie  jycucrlcitcr  (-,  -n). 
firm,  bie  (^irma  (-,  -men), 
firm,  adj.,  feft,  fiif)er. 
first,    adj.,    crft;    adv.,    jnerft;    {in 

enumeration)  crfteng,  crftlid). 
fiscal,  figfalifd). 


GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 


153 


fish,  ber  5ifc^  (-(^,  -OJ  —  dinner 

bag  gifcfigcric^t  (-«,  -c). 
fish,  v.,  nfcf)cn. 
fisherman,  bcr  Jifc^er  (-«,  -);  —'s 

trade,  bad  5i[cf)crc^cn)crbc  (-Ö),  bie 

gifc^iagb;  —'s  village,  baö  gifc^cr- 

borf  (-0,  ^er). 
fishing,  bcr  i5i|cl)tang  (-g);  —  spear, 

bie  t^i|d)gabcl  (-,  -n);  —  trade, 

bie  5ifd)crci  (-,  -en), 
fist,  bie  Sauft  (-,  ^e). 
fix,  bcftimmen;  — ed,  fe[t,  beftimmt. 
flame,  bie  ^^lamme  (-,  -n). 
flash,  funfcln,  bliljen. 
flatter,  [cf)mci(^cln. 
flattery,  bie  2cf)meic^elei  (-,  -en), 
flee,  fUf^en  (0/  0). 
flight,  bie  gluckt;  put  to  — ,  in  bie 

gluckt    fdjlagen    (u,    a);    in    — , 

pc^tig. 
flit,  flattern. 

flock,  bie  2c^ar  (-,  -en), 
floor,  bcr  guBboben  (-g,  ■^). 
flourish,    gcbci^en    (ie,   ie),   blühen, 

oormärtö^fommcn  (fam,  0). 
flow,  fücßcn  (0,  0);  —  along,  ba^in= 

fließen, 
flower,  bie  SBIunte  (-,  -n),  bie  Solute 

(-,  -n). 
flush,  plö^Uc^  erröten, 
flutter,  flattern,  me^en. 
fly,  bie  gliege  (-,  -n). 
fly,  v.,  fliegen  (0,  0). 
flying,  ha^  2}af)infliegen  (-6). 
foam',  ber  2cf)aum  (-Ö,  ^e). 
foam,  v.,  fc^äumcn. 
fog,  bcr  ^ebc(  (-g,  -). 
fold,  falten. 

foliage,  bad  ?aub  (-eg). 
folk     song,     ha^     35oIfglieb    (-eg, 

-er). 
follow,  folgen   (dat.)-,  — ing,  adj.y 

folgcnb. 
fond;  be  —  of  doing,  gem  tun  (tat, 

getan),  mit  33orUebe  tun. 
fondle,  f)crjcn. 


food,    bie    ^Ja^rung    (-,   -en),    bie 

(2pcife   (-,  -n);   —  and   drink, 

Speife    unb    Iranf,    Ciffcn    unb 

Xrinfcn. 
fool,  ber  Xor  {-en,  -en),  bcr  Xumm= 

fopf  (-g,  ^e). 
foolish,  töricht, 
foot,    bcr   guB    (-eg,   ^e);  on   — , 

ju  i^ufe;  set  —  into,  betreten  (a, 

e),  tr. 
footboard,  bag  ^ufebrett  (-g,  -cr). 
footpath,  ber  S^Bweg  (-g,  -e). 
footprint,  bcr  i^ußftapfcn  (-g,  -). 
for,  conj.,  benn. 
for,  prep.,  für. 

forage,  fouragieren,  ^^utter  ^olcn. 
force,    bie    öeroalt    (-,    -en),    bie 

©tarfc  (-,  -n),  bie  traft  (-,  -e); 

— (s),  bie  ttieggmac^t,  bie  Xrup- 

pen  (plur.). 
force,  v.,  jmingcn  (a,  u);  —  one's 

self,  fic^  brängen;  —  one's  way, 

fic^  einen  SBcg  bahnen, 
forcible,  l)eftig. 
forehead,  bie  Stirn  (-,  -en), 
foreign,  fremb,  auglänbifc^. 
foreigner,  bcr  grcmbe  (-n,  -n),  bcr 

Sluglänbcr  (-g,  -). 
foremost,  üomcfjmft;  adv.,  an  crfter 

etellc. 
forest,    ber   SBalb    (-eg,   -er),    ber 

gorft  (-eg,  -e  or  -en);  —  stream, 

ber  3Balbba(^   (-g,  -c),  bcr  @e* 

birggbac^    (-g,   ^e);  —  woman, 

bie  SBalbfrau  (-,  -en). 
forestr}',  bie  gorftrairtfc^aft. 
forfeiture,  bcr  33crluft  (-g,  -e). 
forget,  Dcrgeffcn  (a,  e). 
forgive,  öcrgcbcn  (a,  c). 
forgiveness,  bie  üBcr^^cifjung  (-). 
fork -like,  gabelförmig, 
form,  bie  ^orm  (-,  -en),  bie  ®e[talt 

(-,  -en). 
fonn,  v.,  bilbcn;  be  — ed,  fic^  bilben. 
formation,  bie  Sgilbung  (-,  -en), 
former,  frül)cr,  ehemalig;  the  — ,  the 


154 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


latter,   bcr  (bie,  ha^)  erftcre,  ber 

(bie,  ha^)  (ctjtcrc. 
formerly,  oorf)cr,  früf)er. 
fortification,  bie  iöefe[tigung  (-,  -en); 

— s,  bie  i^cftungöroerfe  (phir.). 
fortress,     bie    ^^efte    (-,    -n),    bie 

gcftung  (-,  -en), 
fortune,  ba^  Srf)icffal  (-S,  -e)   (= 

fate),  bad  GHücf  (-0). 
foster,  beförbcrn. 
found,  grtinben,  an4egen,  errichten, 

bauen, 
foundation,  bie  örunbfteinlegung  (-, 

-en),  bcr  örunbbau  (-6),  ber  ©runb 

(-eö,  ^e),  bie  ©runblage  (-,  -n) 

(= basis);  —  stone,  ber  @runb= 

ftein  (-g,  -e). 
founder,   ber  «Stifter   (-§,  -),   ber 

©rünber  (-ö,  -). 
founding,   bie  ©riinbung   (-,  -en), 

bie  Einlage  (-,  -n). 
foundr}',  bie  ©te^erei  (-,  -en), 
four,  Dier. 

four-room,  adj.,  öierjimmerig. 
fourteen,  öier^e^n. 
fourth  (part),  ha^  S3iertel  (-8,  -). 
fox,  ber  ^uc^g  (-c6,  ^e). 
fragrance,  ber  2)uft  (-eg,  ^e). 
fragrant,  buftenb. 
France,  ^^ranfrcic^  (-8). 
Franco-German,    adj.,    franjöfifd^- 

beutfc^. 
frank,  offen,  freimütig. 
Frankfort,  ^ranffurt  (-Ö); on- 

the-Main,  —  am  'iIRain. 
Frederick,  ^i^icbrid)  (-Ö). 
free,  v.,  befreien, 
free,  adj.,  frei;  set  — ,  in  j^rei()eit 

fe^en;  —  of  charge,  foftcnfrci. 
French,  adj.,  franjöfifrf). 
French,     pers.,     Frenchman,     bcr 

i^ranjofe  (-n,  -n). 
frequent,  ^äufig;  adv.,  i)äufig,  oft. 
fresh,  frifcf). 
freshness,  bie  J^rifc^c. 
friend,  ber  ^i^eunb  ( -c«,  -c). 


friendly,  freunblic^. 

friendship,     bie     ^^reunbfc^aft     (-, 

-en), 
fright,  ber  3cf)recfen  (-8,  -). 
frighten,  er|d)recfcn,  ängftigen. 
frightful,  furchtbar, 
frog,  ber  grofrf)  (-e8,  ^e). 
from,  Don,  (=out  of)  au8;  —  ... 

on,  Don  ...  an;  —  among,  unter 

.  .  .  föeg,  au«,  auö  bcr  Wittt,  üon 

.  .  .  iücg,  öon  .  .  .  f)eraug. 
front,  bie  33orbcrfeite  (-,  -n);  in  — 

of,  oor,  an;  —  door,  bie  ^auötür 

(-,  -en). 
frost-giant,  ber  ^roftriefe  (-n,  -n). 
fructify,  befruchten, 
fruit,  bie  gi^uc^t  (-,  ^e);  —  tree,  bcr 

Obftbaum   (-8,  ^e),   ber   gruc^t* 

bäum  (-8,  -^e). 
fuel,  bag  53rennf)oIj  (-eg,  -^er). 
fugitive,    adj.,    flüd)tig;    pers.,    ber 

""glüc^tUng  (-g,  -e). 
full,  öolt. 

fully,  ööllig,  öoKenbg. 
fun,  ber  B<i)cxi  (-eg,  -e),  ber  «Spaß 

(-eg,  ^e),  ber  ."pumor   (-g,  -e); 

make  —  of,  ocrfpotten. 
fundamental,  grunblegcnb. 
funds,  bie  ^yonbg  ipliir.),   bie  £a= 

pitalien  {pliir.). 
funeral,  bag  58cgräbnig  (-feg,  -fc); 

—  pile,  bcr  Sd^citcr^aufen  (-g,  -). 
furnace,  bie  (Sffe  (-,  -n). 
furnish,  ücrfe^cn  (a,  e),  liefern  {dat. 

of  pers.). 
furniture,  bie  'üJJöbct  (plitr.). 
further,  meiter,  ferner,  meitcr^in. 
furthermore,  überbieg, 
future,  adj.,  jufünftig. 


gain,  gcioinnen  (a,  o),  erringen  (a,  u), 
erlangen;  —  the  upper  hand,  bie 
Obcr^anb  geminncn  (a,  o). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


155 


gallery,    bie   Gmporc   (church)   (-, 

game,  ha^  Spiel  {-&,  -c);  —  bag, 

bie  Oagbtaft^e  (-,  -n). 
gang,  bie  dlotU  (-,  -n). 
garden,  ber  Gkrtcn  {-^,  ^). 
gardener,  bcr  O^ärtncr  (-Ö,  -). 
garlanded,  urn  franst,  bcfrän^^t. 
garment,   ba^  (^manb   (  ed,  -^er), 

t>a^  ^leib  (-eö,  -er). 
gate,  ha^  Xox  (-eö,  -e),  bie  '^]3fortc 

(-,  -n); keeper,  ber  'il5ürtier 

(-«,  -8). 
gateway,  ber  Jortüeg  (-8,  -e). 
gay-colored,  bunt, 
gaze,    blicfen;   —   after,    nacf)=fc^en 

(a,  e)  (dat.);  —  at,  an=[tarrcn;  — 

down,  t)inab4e^en  (a,  e),  f)inab- 

[c^aucn. 
general,    ber    (General    (-«,   -e   or 

-e). 
general,  adj.,  altgemein. 
generally,  geittö^nlic^,  in  ber  9?eget, 

im  allgemeinen, 
generation,  baö  ©efc^led^t  (-ö,  -er), 

bag  2)?enfc^ena(ter  (-8,  -). 
genre  painting,  bie  @enre=^SO?a(erei. 
gentle,  fanft,  leife,  leicf)t. 
gentleman,  ber  öerr  (-n,  -en),  ber 

9}?ann  Don  ®eburt. 
gentlewoman,  bie  Sbelbame  (-,  -n). 
genuine,  ec^t,  rt)af)r. 
geographical,  geograp^ifd^. 
German,  adj.,  beutfcft;  old  — ,  dt- 

beutfc^;  —  Sea,  bie  Ü^orbfee. 
German,  pers.,   ber  ^eutfc^e   (-n, 

-n). 
German  (^language),  bag  !Deut[c^e. 
Germanize,  nationalifieren. 
get  (=  receive),  befommen  (befam,  o), 

erfjalten  (ie,   a),  (= fetch)  ^olen; 

—  along  well,  gut  ge()en  (ging, 

gegangen)    {impers.    w.    dat.    of 

pers.);    —    away,    fort^fommen 

(fam,  0);  —  back,  jurücf=fommen 

(fam,  0);  —  into,  ^incin=fommen 


(fam,o)  (in),  f)inein--ge(angen  (in); 

—  off  (well,  badly),  (gut,  |d}(ec^t) 
baöon^fommen  (fam,  0);  —  ready, 
[ic^  (ctmad)  ,^urcd)t=mac()eu. 

giant,  ber  iKicfe  (-n,  -n). 
giantess,  hai  ^Jiicfenincib  (-c«,  -cr). 
gift,  bad  Ci)efc^cnf  (-8,  -c),  bie  Öabc 

(-,  -n). 
gifted,  begabt, 
gigantic,  ricfcn^aft,  mäcljtig. 
gild,  öcrgolben. 
gird,  gürten. 

girl,  h(x^  iWäbc^en  (-8,  -). 
give,  geben  (a,  e);  —  expression, 

5Iu8brucf  geben  (to,  dat.);  —  rise 

to,  Derurfac^en;  —  up,  ausgeben 

(a,  e). 
giving,  bie  (Srteilung  (-,  -en), 
glad,  frol);  I  am-  — ,  e8  freut  mid^, 

ic^  freue  mic^. 
gladden,  begllicfen. 
gladly,  gem  (e.g.  I  —  do  it),  mit 

t^reube;  most  — ,  fef)r  gem. 
glance,  ber  SlicE  (-8,  -e). 
glaring,  glanjenb,  blcnbenb. 
glass,  "iiok  (^la8  (-e8,  -^er). 
glisten,  glänzen, 
glitter,  glänzen,  funfetn. 
globe,  bie  Grbe  (-,  -n). 
gloomy,  trübe,  finfter. 
glorify,  oerf)errlid)en. 
glor}-,  bcr  9?ut)m  (-8). 
glove,  ber  §anb[c^u{)  (-8,  -e). 
glow,  glüf)en. 
gnat,  bie  MMt  (-,  -n). 
go,  ge^en  (ging,  gegangen),  hjanbein; 

—  aboard,  an  iöorb  ge^cn;  — 
along,  mit=ge{)en;  —  away,  fort= 
gef)en;  —  down,  l)inunter=ge()en;  — 
forth,  au8-gef)cn,  iüciter=geben:  — 
on,  ttjeitcr-ge^en,  im  @ange  fein; 

—  out,  au8=ge^cn;  —  to  work,  an8 
SBerf  gel)en;  —  up,  fteigen  (ie,  ie). 

goal,  ba8  ^\d  (-e8,  -e). 
goat,  bie  ^iege  (-,  -n). 
god,  ber  @ott  (-e8,  ^erV 


156 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


goddess,  bie  ©öttin  (-,  -nen). 

gold,  bag  ©olb  (-eg). 

golden,  golben. 

good,  gut;  —  nature,  bic  0utmütig= 

feit;  what  —  would  it  do  me? 

mag  mürbe  cö  mir  f)e!fcn? 
good-for-nothing,    ber    ijaugenic^tg 

(-eg,  -e). 
goose,  bie  ®ang  (-,  -^e). 
Gothic,  got^ij'cf). 
govern,  regieren;  — ing  power,  bie 

Üiegierungggcroalt  (-,  -en), 
government,  bie  9?egierung  (-,  -en), 
governmental;   —  work,  bag  9ie^ 

gierungggeld)äft     (-g,     -e),     bag 

(Staatggcfdjäft  (-g,  -e). 
grace,  bie  Slnmiit,  bic  Sc^önf)eit  (-). 
grade,  ber  9iang  (-eg,  -e). 
gradually,  a((mä()(ic^,  langfam,  nad^ 

unb  nacf). 
graduation;  certificate  of  — ,  bag 

Slbganggjeugnig  (-[eg,  -)e). 
grain,  bag  (betreibe  (-g,  -);  —  field, 

bag  .Kornfelb  (-eg,  -er),  bag  ©e= 

treibefelb  (-eg,  -er);  —  sheaf,  bic 

©arbc  (-,  -n). 
grand,  l^errlid^. 

grandfather,  ber  63rofetiater  (-g,  ^). 
grant,  gemäljren  (dat.  of  pers.). 
granting,  bie  S5erleif)ung  (-,  -en), 
grape,  bie  Xraube  (-,  -n). 
grapevine,  bie  9iebe  (-,  -n). 
grass,  bag  Örag  (-eg,  ^er). 
grassy,  grafig;  —  ridge,  ber  9?ain 

(-Ö,  -e). 
gratitude,  bie  T^anfbarfeit  (-). 
gravel  pit,  bie  Äieggrubc  (-,  -n). 
gray,  grau. 

great,  gro§;  — ly,  fef)r. 
Great  Britain,  örof^britannicn  (-g). 
Greek,  ber  Örie(f)e  (-u,  -n). 
green,  grün, 
greet,  grüJ3en,  begrüben, 
grief,    ber    Summer    (-g,    -),    ber 

©ram  (-g). 
grieve,  fid)  grämen,  trauern. 


ground,  ber  SBoben  (-g,  ^),  bie  Grbc 
(-,  -n);  —  floor,  bag  (Srbgefd)oi] 
(-eg,  -c). 

group,  bie  ©ruppe  (-,  -n),  bic  9icif)c 
(of  poems). 

grow,  intr.,  mac^jen  (u,  a);  /r., 
pflanjen,  jie^en  (jog,  gcjogcn),  l 
ausbauen;  —  out  of,  entfteljcn  : 
aug  .  .  .  (entftanb,  entftanben);  —  i 
up,  auf=n)aciE)fen,  {)eran=n}ac^[cn,  \ 
entfielen.  ; 

grown,  adj.,  ermac^fen.  ; 

growth,  bag  iBad)|en  (-g),  bic  2In= 
pflanjung  (-,  -en),  ber  Slnmuc^g 
(-eg,  -e).  '■ 

grudge;  bear  a  — ,  mißgünftig  [ein 
{dat.). 

gruff,  grob,  rau^. 

guarantee,  geinäl)r(eiften. 

guard,  bie  SSad)e  (-,  -n),  bic  ®d)ilb= 
mac^e  (-,  -n);  keep  — ,  S53ad)e 
galten  (ie,  a);  —  house,  bic  ißac^e 

(-,  -tt). 
guard,  v.,  bemac^en,  befc^ü^cn. 
guest,  ber  ©aft  (-eg,  ^e). 
guide,  ber  gü^rer  (-g,  -). 
guide,  v.,  lenfen,  fteuern. 
guild,  bie  ©ilbc  (-,  -n),  bic  ^vm\i 

{-,  -e). 
guinea,  bic  ®uinee  (-,  -n). 
Guinea,  ©uinea. 
gulden,  ber  ©ulben  (-g,  -). 
gun,  "i^Qi^  Ökfc^oß  (-eg,  -c). 
g}'mnasium,   bag  (^Qmnafium   (-g, 

-ficn). 


hair,  bag  .*paar  (-eg,  -e). 
half  (part),  bie  .spiilfte  (-,  -n). 
half,  adj.,  ^alb;  —  broken,  ^albge* 

fprcngt;  —  dead,  ()albtot;  by  — , 

urn  bie  f)älfte. 
hall,  bic  vSpalle  (-,  -n),  ber  3aal  (-c«, 

eäle). 
hammer,  ber  .'oamincr  (  g,  ^). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


157 


hand,  btc  .<panb  (-,  ^e);  on  — ,  jur 

hand,  v.,  reichen  (dat.  of  pers.). 

handicraft,  bad  .»OQnbmcrf  (-Ö,  -c). 

handiwork,  bic  vSpanbarbcit  (-,  -en), 
bic  Äunftarbcit  (-,  -en). 

handle,  ber  .spanbgriff  (-Ö,  -e),  bcr 
öriff  (-Ö,  -e). 

handsome,  fcf)ön,  {)übfd),  prächtig. 

hang,  /r.,  gongen,  l)nngen  laffen  (ie, 
a);  intr.,  fangen  (i,  a). 

Hanover,  ^annoöer  (-ö). 

Hanseatic  League,  ber  .^anfa=58unb 
(-CÖ),  bic  öaufa. 

happen,  gcfd)o()cn  (n,  e). 

happiness,  ha^  Ölücf  (-ö),  bic 
©lücffcUgfcit  (-,  -en). 

happy,  glücfiirf),  frö^Iid^  (glad). 

harbor,  ber  ipafen  (-Ö,  ^). 

hard,  l)art,  fd^raer,  [tarf,  (=severe) 
ftreng. 

hardly,  [(^mcrlic^,  faum. 

harm,  ber  ^c^aben  (-g,  ^). 

harm,  v.,  fc^abcn  {dat.),  ein  Seib  tun 
(tat,  getan)  (dat.). 

harmonious,  ^armonifc^. 

harmony,  bcr  (Sinflang  (-g,  -^e),  hai 
(SbenmaB  (-eö,  -c). 

harvest,  bic  (gmtc  (-,  -n). 

haste,  bic  (5üe. 

hasten,  eilen,  fiel)  beeilen. 

hasty,  ^aftig,  eilig. 

hat, 'ber  öut  (-ed,  ^e). 

hatchet,  bad  53eil  (-eö,  -c). 

haughty,  tro^ig. 

have,  t)aben  (^otte,  gel^abt);  —  to, 
muffen  (mufete,  gemußt);  —  some- 
thing done,  ttma?>  tun  laffen  (ic,  a). 

hay,  baö  ^cu  (-eö). 

head,  ber  ^opf  (-eg,  -^e),  baö  .^aupt 
(-eö,  -er);  —  of  a  department, 
ber  Slbteilungdc^ef  (-g,  -S),  ber 
2tbteiIungd=95or|it'Cnbc  (-n,  -n); 
come  under  the  — ,  jum  (Gebiete 
.  .  .  gel^ören. 

headgear,  bie  Äopfbebedfung  (-,  -en). 


health,  bie  (Skfunb^eit  (-,  -en),  bad 
iöcfinbcn  (-«);  good  — ,  ba« 
iBol)ibcfinben  (-6). 

healthy,  gcfunb. 

heap,  bcr  .'öaufc(n)  (-nö,  -n). 

hear,  prcn. 

hearer,  bcr  v'pörcr  (-g,  -). 

heart,  bad  .^cr^  (-end,  -en);  lose  — , 
ben  9)hit  Dcrlicrcn  (0,  0);  know  by 
— ,  auömcnbig  miff  en  (muRtc,  gc* 
mußt),  auömcnbig  fönncn  (fonntc, 
gefonnt);  —  of  man,  ha^  DJZen» 
fc^cn^crj  (-enö,  -en). 

hearty,  ^cr^Iicf). 

heat,  hit  c^i^e. 

heated,  f)eiB. 

heathen,  ber  -.'pcibe  (-n,  -n). 

heavenward,  adj.,  ^immclmärtö  ge= 
richtet. 

heavy,  fc^ircr,  ftarf,  bi(f}t. 

heel,  bie  gerfe  (-,  -n);  take  to  one's 
— s,  t^erfengelb  geben  (a,  e). 

height,  bie  §ö^e  (-,  -n). 

help,  bie  ^ilfc  (-,  -n). 

help,  -z'.,  Reifen  (a,  0)  {dat.). 

henceforth,  fortan,  üon  ic^t  an. 

Henry,  .^einric^  (-Ö). 

herd,  bie  öerbe  (-,  -n). 

here,  f)ier. 

heretofore,  biöfang. 

hermit,  ber  Ginficbler  (-d,  -). 

hero,  ber  ^elb  (-en,  -en). 

heroic,  ^elben^aft;  —  size,  bie  Über= 
lebcndgrößc. 

heron,  ber  9ici^er  (-Ö,  -). 

hesitate,  jögem. 

Hesse,  ^pcffen  (-ö); Darmstadt, 

§cffen=5^armftabt  (-d). 

Hevelda,  bie  .^aöc(. 

heyday,  bie  golbene  ^d\,  bie  58(üte^ 
geit  (-,  -en\ 

hide,  bad  ^cU  (-cd,  -c). 

hide,  v.,  öerbcrgcn  (a,  0). 

high,  f)oc^;  —  art,  bie  fc^öne  Äunft 
(-,  ^e);  —  school,  bic  $orf)fc^uIc 
(university  rank)  (-,  -n). 


158 


GERMAN  PROSE  COMPOSITION 


hill,  ber  .^ügel  (-ö,  -);  —  country, 

bag  ^ügcllanb  (-c^,  -^er). 
hinder,  ()inbeni,  öcrt)inbcrn. 
historical -])hilosophical,    l^i[tori[c^= 

history,  bie  Öcfc^idjtc  (-,  -n);  gen- 
eral — ,  bie  SBcllgefc^id^te  (-,  -n); 
—  of  Saxony,  bie  fä(f)[i[c^e  @c= 
fc^ic^te. 

hit,  treffen  (traf,  o);  —  upon,  fom= 
men  auf  (fam,  o). 

hither,  f)crbei. 

hold,  ber  <Sd}ifföraum  (-g,  -^e). 

hold,  v.,  galten  (ie,  a),  abgalten  (a 
festival);  —  fast,  feft=f)altcn;  — 
on,  feft4)altcn;  —  out,  entgegen^ 
l^alten,  tjin^altcn;  —  up,  auf^ol* 
ten,  in  bie  .Spö^e  fatten. 

hole,  bie  §ö^(ung  (-,  -en). 

hollow,  ^0^1. 

holy,  f)eiUg. 

home,  ba^  ^eim  (-8,  -c),  bie  §eim= 
ftätte  (-,  -n),  bie  ^eimat  (dis- 
trict, country);  at  — ,  bal^eim,  ju 
^aufe;  adv.,  ^eim,  nac^  '^paufe;  — 
life,  baö  I)äu0(ic^e  t'eben  (-Ö). 

homeless,  f)eimat(o8. 

homelike,  mo^nlid^,  anf)eimc(nb. 

homeward,  f)eimrt)ärtö. 

honest,  e^rlid^. 

honey-wine,  ber  ^onigmein  (-8,  -e). 

honor,  bie  ^\)xt  (-,  -n);  with  high 
— ,  mit  großer  2Iu^jcicf)nung. 

honor,  v.,  ef)ren;  — ed,  öcrc()rt. 

honorable,  ef)rent)o(l. 

hope,  bie  Hoffnung  (-,  -en). 

hope,  v.,  ^offen. 

hopeless,  i)offnungölo8,  auöfid^töloS. 

horizon,  ber  v"pon,^ont  (-Ö,  -c). 

horn,  bai  ,*porn  (-Ö,  ^er);  —  beam, 
bie  §agcbud)e  (-,  -n). 

horse,  bag  "ipfcrb  (-c8,  -c);  take  — , 
3U  ^ferbe  fteigcn  (ie,  ic). 

horseback,  on,  gu  *^fcrbe. 

host,  bie  ©dfjar  (-,  -en). 

hostile,  fcinblirf),  feinb  (to,  dat.). 


hot,  f)eiB. 

hour,  bie  Stunbc  (-,  -n). 
house,  ba^  §au8  (-e8,  -^er). 
household,  ber  §au8f)alt  (-8). 
housekeeping  school,  bie  .'pau8^al= 

tungsfc^ule  (-,  -n). 
housing,     bie     Unterbringung,     bie 

S!Bo^nung8geIegeni)eit  (-,  -en), 
how,  n)ie. 
however,  aber,  boa),  jebod^;  trie  .  .  . 

auc^. 
howl,  f)eulen. 
huddle,  ^ocfen. 
huge,  gemaltig,  ungefüge, 
hum,  fummen. 
human,     menfc^Iid^;    — kind,     ber 

9)?enfd)  (-en,  -en);  coll.,  bie  33?en* 

fd^en. 
humble,  bemütig. 
humiliate,  bemiitigen. 
humiliation,    bie    ^Demütigung    (-, 

-en), 
humor,  ber  §umor'  (-8,  -e). 
hundred,  {)unbert;  7WHn,  ba8  ^un- 

bert  (-8,  -e). 
hunger,  ber  junger  (-8). 
hunt,  fuc^cn  (for,  nad^). 
hunter,  ber  3ägcr  (-8,  -). 
hurl,  fd)Ieubern. 
hurriedly,  eilig,  [c^nett. 
hurr)',  eilen;  —  home,  l^cim  eilen, 
hurt,  öcrle^cn,  ml)  tun  (tat,  getan) 

(dat.). 
husband,  ber  9)?ann  (-e8,  ^er),  bci 

®emat)t  (-8,  -e). 
hut,  bie  |)ütte  (-,  -n). 
hymn,  ba8  ÄanjcIIicb  (-c8,  -er). 


ice,  ba8  ßiS  (-e8). 

ice-boat,  ber  (S-i8faf)n  (-8,  -^e). 

ice-sledge,  bie  (5i8()itfd)e  (-,  -n). 

ice-sling,  bie  (5iv^fd)leubcr  (-,  -n). 

Iceland,  3ölanb  (8). 

icy  surface,  bie  (5i8flftd)c  (-,  -n). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


159 


idea,   bic  3bcc   (-,   -n),   bie   3>or= 

[tellung  (-,  -en), 
ideal,  ibeaC. 

if,  roenn,  ob;  as  — ,  aid  mcnn,  aid  ob. 
ignite,  geucr  fangen  (i,  a), 
üi,  übel. 

ill-disposed,  übelgefinnt  (to,  dat.). 
illtreat,  miBf)anbcln. 
ill-treatment,  bie  iüt'iB()anblung   (-, 

-en), 
illuminate,  beleuchten,  erleuchten, 
illustrate,  illuftrieren. 
image,  ba^  ^ilb  (-eö,  -er), 
imagination,  bie  ']?l)anta[ie  (-,  -n). 
imagine,    benfen    (backte,    gebacf)t), 

{)altcn  für  .  .  .  (ic,  a),  \i6)  (dat.) 

ein=bilDcn. 
imbued,  burc^brungen  (with,  Don), 
immediate,  unmittelbar,  angrenjenb, 

näcf)i't;  — ly,  fofort. 
immovable,  unberoeglic^. 
impart  to,  geben  (a,  e),  Derlei^en  (ie, 

ie),  bringen  (brachte,  gebracht),  bei= 

bringen  (dat.  of  pers.). 
impel,  auftreiben  (ie,  ie);  impelled, 

beroogen,  angetrieben, 
implore,  an=fle^cn  (for,  um), 
importance,  bie  2Bicf)tigfeit  (-,  -en), 

bie  iSebeutung  (-,  -en). 
important,  n)icf)tig. 
imposing,  anfef)nUc^. 
impossible,  unmöglich, 
impressiveness,  bie  (Sinbringlic^feit. 
improbable,  unn3af)rfc^einlic^. 
impulse,  ber  eintrieb  (-e^,  -e),  bie 

3Inregung  (-,  -en). 
in,  in;  —  and  out,  nac^  innen  unb  nacf» 

aufeen;  —  so  far  fas),  fo  meit  (alö). 
incessant,  unauf^örlicf). 
inclose,    ein=f erließen    (0,    0),    um= 

fcf)IieBen  (0,  0);  — d,  befefet  (by, 

mit), 
included,  einbegriffen,  mit  (Einfc^Iuß 

(gen.). 
income,  baS  ßinfommen  (-d,  -),  ber 

Sebenduntcr^alt  (-d). 


incomparable,  unöergleic^lic^. 

incomplete,  unooltenbet. 

increase,    ber    3"^^^^    {-^^)f    bie 

3una^me  (-,  -n). 
increase,  v.,  5u=nef)men  (a,  genom* 

men),   roac^fen  (u,   a),   fiel)   aud- 

bef)ncn;  tr.,  Dermef)ren,  ert)ü^en. 
indeed,  in  ber  Jat,  rDa{)rUc^,  mirflic^. 
independence,    bie    3elbftänbigfrit, 

bie  Unabt)ängigfeit. 
independent,  frei,  unabl)ängig;  — ly, 

unabbängig  Don  anbem. 
index,  ber  3nber  (-ed,  -e). 
index  finger,  ber  3rigefinger  {-%,  -). 
Indian,  ber  3'ibianer  (-d,  -). 
indicate,  an^5eigen. 
indication  of  life,  ta^  Scbendjeic^cn 

(-«,  -). 
indifferent,  gleichgültig, 
indigenous,  einf)eimif(i^. 
indignation,  bie  (Sntrüftung  (-). 
induce,  beraegen  (0,  0),  Deranlaffen. 
inducement,  bie  ^Inrei^jung  (-,  -en). 
industrial,  inbuftricH';  —  center,  bie 

gabrifftabt  (-,  *e);  —  school,  bic 

(^emcrbefcfiule  (-,  -n). 
industry,  bie  3nbuftrie'  (-,  -n),  ber 

(^en3erbfleiB    (-eö),    ha^   (bewerbe 

(-Ö,  -). 
inevitable,  unoermeiblic^. 
inexhaustible,  unerfc^öpfüc^. 
inexorable,  unerbittlich, 
inferior,  geringer, 
infernal,  nerteufelt. 
influence,  ber  (EinfluG  (-ed,  -^e),  bic 

(Sinroirfung  (-,  -en). 
inform,  benarf^ric^ttgen. 
information,  bie  i)Jac^ric^t  (-,  -cn), 

bie  Slu-Sfunft  (-,  ^e). 
inhabit,  ben3of)nen. 
inhabitant,  ber  Ginraofjner  (-§,  -). 
inject,  ein=fpril3en  {dat.  of  pers.). 
inlet,  bie  iöuc^t  (-,  -en). 
innumerable,  ja^lloä. 
inoffensive,  ^armlo^,  argtoä. 
inquire,  fragen  (into,  nac^),  fic^  er« 


i6o 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


funbigcn  (noc^),  nac^^forfc^cn  (dat.), 

nad)=fragcn. 
inquisitive,  neugierig, 
inscription,  bie  3n[cf)rift  (-,  -en), 
insipid,  fabe. 
inspire  witli,  ein=flößen. 
instance,  ha^  33ci)'piel  (-g,  -e);  for 

— ,  pm  53cifpiel  (5.  53.). 
instead  of,  ftatt,  anftatt  {gen.). 
institution,  bie  2ln[talt  (-,  -en), 
instruction,  ber  Unterricht  (-«,  -e); 

aid  to  — ,  ha^  l'ef)rmittel  (-Ö,  -). 
insufficient,  unjurei^enb. 
insurance,  bie  55er[ic^erung  (-,  -en), 
intact,  unoerfet)rt. 
intellectual,  gei[tig. 
intend,  beabfic^tigcn. 
intent,  bebac^t  (upon,  auf  w.  ace). 
intercourse,  ber  53erfe^r  (-8). 
interest,  baö  Gntereffe  (-g,  -n),  ber 

33orteil  (-8,  -e);  in  the  —  of, 

pm  53e[ten  (gen.)-,  take  —  in, 

®e[a((en  [inbcn  an  (dat.). 
interesting,  intcreffant'. 
interior,  bag  innere,  inneres  (adj. 

noun);  ber  ^i^uenraum  (-8,  -^e) 

(room), 
interrupt,  nntcrbred)en  (a,  0). 
intertwine,  burcf)f(cc]^ten  (0,  0). 
intimate,  innig,  eng,  bertraut,  intim', 
intrenchment,  bie  33erfc^an5ung  (-, 

-en), 
introduce,  (Singang  toerfc^affen  (dat.), 

mit  [id)  bringen  (brad)te,  gebracht), 
introduction,  bie  (Ein[ü{)rung  (-,  -en), 
invade,  ein=faUen  (fiel,  a), 
invasion,  ber  ©infalt  (-8,  ^e). 
inventive  power,   ba^  Gr[inbungö= 

öermögen  (-8). 
investigate,  nntcr[ud)en. 
investigation,  bie  Unterfud)ung  (-, 

-en),  bie  ^Vorfd)ung  (-,  -en), 
invite,  eingaben  (u,  a), 
involuntary,  unfrciiüilUg,  unlDinfür- 

invulnerable,  unöcnounbbar. 


iron,  baö  Gifen  (-§,  -);  —  mine, 
baö  (iifenbergimerf  (-8,  -e);  —  city, 
bie  Gifenftabt  (-,  ^e). 

iron,  adj.,  eifern. 

irresistible,  unmiberfte^Uc^. 

island,  bie  3ixfel  (-,  -n). 

Italy,  Italien  (-«). 

ivory,  baö  Glfenbein  (-Ö). 


avelin,  ber  Söurffpie^  (-eö,  -c). 

ealousy,  bie  Gifcrfuc^t. 

ocular,  fpayig,  luftig,  fc^erj^aft. 

oin,  teiUne^mcn  (a,  genommen)  (in, 
an  w.  dat.),  öerbinben  (a,  u),  f)in= 
gu^ügen;  be  — ed,  fic^  anschließen 
(0,  0)   (to,  dat.  or  an  w.  ace); 

—  together,  jufammen=fügen,  an= 
einanber^fiigen. 

jokingly,  fc^crjenb,  im  Sc^erj,  jum 

(gd^erj. 
Joshua,  3ofua  (-Ö). 
journey,  bie  9?eife  (-,  -n). 
journey,  v.,  reifen,  gießen  (jog,  gc= 

gegen), 
joy,  bie  i^reubc  (-,  -n). 
joyful,  fro^,  fro^Uc^. 
judicious,  flug,  ücrftänbig. 
jug,  ber  ^rug  (-eö,  ^e). 
jump,  fpringcn  (a,  u). 
June,  ber  3uni  (-8). 
jurisprudence,  bie  ^uriöprubenj',  bie 

9?ed)te  (plur.). 
just,  adv.,  gcrabc,  foeben. 
justice,  bie  (^erecfitigfcit  (-,  -en);  do 

—  to  some  one,  jemanbem  fein 
9?ed)t  n)iberfa^rcn  laffen  (ie,  a). 


Kaiser,  ber  taifer  (-8,  -). 
Kaiserglocke,    bie    ilaifcrglocfe    (-, 

-n). 
keen,  fd)arf,  lebbaft,  bcftig  (anxiety). 


GERMAN  PROSE  COMPOSITION 


l6l 


keep,  galten  (ic,  q),  bef)alten  (retain) 

(ic,  a),  Qut=ben)a^rcn  (preserve); 

—  guard,  i2Sacf)c  l)Qlten;  —  silent, 

fd^meigcn  (ie,  ic). 
keeping,  ba^  .*öaltcn  (-Ö). 
key,  bcr  2cf)lü[fel  (-d,  -). 
kill,  töten,  erlegen  (game), 
kind,  bie  2Irt  (-,  -en);  of  various 

— s,  t)cr[cl)iebener  2lrt,  mancherlei, 
kind,  adj.,  gütig,  frcunbUc^. 
kindness,  bie  @ütc. 
kindred,  bie  33erronnbten  (plur.). 
king,  ber  Äönig  (-^,  -e). 
kingdom,  ha^  Äönigreic^  (-«,  -c). 
kingly,  foniglic^. 

kinsfolk,  coll.j  bie  SSerwanbtfc^aft. 
kiss,  fiiffen. 

kitchen,  bie  ^ü(^c  (-,  -n). 
knee,  ba^i  Änie  (—3,  -e  or  -). 
kneel,  fnien;  —  do\\'n,  nieber=fnien. 
knife,  ba^  DJJeffer  (-3,  -). 
knight,  ber  Dritter  (-g,  -). 
knightly,  rttterlic^. 
knock,  flopfen. 
knocker,  bcr  Klopfer  (-6,  -). 
knoll,  bie  5ln^ö^e  {-,  -n),  ber  ^ügel 

M,  -). 
know,     fennen     (fannte,    gefannt), 

iriffcn  (muBte,  geraunt), 
knowledge,    ba^   SSil'fen    (-€),    bie 

Äenntniä  (-,  -fe),  bie  Siffcnjcfiaft 

(-r  -en), 
known,  adj.,  befannt;  the  best  — , 

ber  (bie,  bad)  bcfanntefte. 
knuckle,  ber  Änöc^el  (-g,  -). 


labor,  bie  2{rbeit  (-,  -en), 
laborator}',  bai  Laboratorium  (-§, 

-rien). 
laborious,    müf)i'am,    arbeitfam   (= 

industrious), 
lady,  bie  Xamt  (-,  -n). 
lake,  ber  See  (-3,  -n),  ber  Xdd) 

(-eö,  -e)  (pond). 


land,  ba«  ?anb  (-c«,  ^er  or  -c);  — ed 

estate,  bad  li ammergut  (-«,  -»er), 
land,  v.,  lanben. 
landing   place,    ber    Lanbungeiplat} 

(-ed,  -^e). 
landscape,  bie  Lanbi'd^aft  (-,  -en), 
landward,  lanbroärtö. 
language,  bie  Sprache  (-,  -n). 
lap,  ber  2c^oB  (-ed,  ^e). 
larch,  bie  Lär^e  (-,  -n). 
large,  groß. 

largely,  in  großem  Umfange, 
last,  adj.,  leljt,  öorig;  at  — ,  juletjt, 

enblic^. 
last,  v.,  bauem,  tuä^ren. 
lastly,  ?(^licBlic^. 
late,  [pat;  of  — ,  in  ber  legten  S^^^f 

le^ti)in,  fiirjlic^,  jung  ft,  ncuerbingd. 
lately,  fiirjlic^. 
Latin,  adj.,  latcinifcf);  —  school,  bie 

?atein)c^u(e  (-,  -n),  bie  flaffifc^c 

(Schule  (-,  -n). 
latter,  [pater;  the  — ,  ber  (bie,  ba^) 

leljtere. 
laugh,  lachen. 

laughter,  ba^  C^eläc^ter  (-€,  -). 
law,  bad  (^ei'e^  (-ed,  -e),  bie  SSer* 

orbnung  (-,  -en),  ba€  dit<i)t  (-ed, 

-e)  or  bit  3?ecf)te  (plur.)  (study); 

—  study,  ba^  3?e(^td[tubium  (-d, 

-bien). 
lay,  legen;  —  the  first  stone,  ben 

(^runbftein  legen  (of,  ju);  — down, 

nieber4egcn. 
lead,  bad  iSlci  (-ed  or  -d)  (metal), 
lead,   führen,   bringen   (brachte,   gc= 

bracht);  —  up,  empor=fül)ren  (to, 

gu);   — ing,    fü^renb,    oomef)m[t, 

tonangebenb. 
leader,  bcr  ^ü^rcr  (-d,  -),  ber  3In= 

fiiljrer  (-d,  -);  fetn.,  bie  gü^rerin 

(-,  -nen). 
leadership,  bie  ^^ü^rerfc^aft  (-,  -en), 
leaf,  bad  Slatt  (-ed,  ^er). 
leak,  ber  2ecf  (-i,  -e);  spring  a  — , 

einen  ?ecf  befommen  (befam,  o). 


102 


GERMAN  PROSE  COMPOSITION 


lean,  lehnen. 

leap,  ber  sprung  (-e^,  ^e);  by  — s 

and  bounds,  fprungmeife. 
leap,  v.,  fpiincjen  (a,  u). 
learn,   lernen,   erfaljren   (u,   a)    (  = 

hear),  ^örcn. 
learned,  adj.,  gelehrt, 
learning,  bie  ©elcf)rfamfeit. 
least;  at  — ,  fticnigftenö;  not  in  the 

— ,  nicl)t  im  geringften. 
leather}',  lebernrtig. 
leave,    laffen    (ie,    a),    (= forsake) 

üerlaffcn  (ie,  a),  ausgeben  (a,  e), 

(= bequeath)  l^intcrlaffcn  (ie,  a), 

(=  intrust)  überloffen  (ie,  a), 
lecture,  bie  33orIc)nng  (-,  -en),  ber 

53ortrag  (-ö,  ^c),  bie  ©trafprebigt 

(-,  -en)  (censure);  —  hall,  ber 

^örfad  (-g,  -fäle). 
lecturer,  ber  ^Dojenf  (-en,  -en),  ber 

Seftor  (-Ö,  -en), 
left,  adj.,  übrig,  übrig  geblieben, 
leg,  baQ  S3ein  (-Ö,  -e). 
legal,   reci^töfunbig;  —  profession, 

bie  9?ed^töge(c()r[Qmfeit. 
legate,  ber  i'cgat'  (-en,  -en), 
legend,  bie  ©age  (-,  -n). 
Leipsic,  Scipjig  (-Ö). 
leisurely,  gemäcf)lic^. 
lend,   leiten   (ie,   ie);  —  a  hand, 

bef)i{tUd)  [ein  (dat.). 
length,  bie  ^tinge  (-,  -n);  at  — , 

enblic^. 
lengthen,  berlängern,  auS^bel^nen. 
less,  toeniger,  geringer, 
lesson,  bie  ©tunbe  (-,  -n),  bie  Scf- 

tion'  (-,  -en);  religious  — ,  bie 

9ic(igion6[tiinbe  (-,  -n),  ber  9ie(i= 

gion3initcrrirf)t  (-8). 
let,  laffen  (ie,  a);  —  in,  f)erein4gffen 

(ie,  a). 
letter,  ber  53ud)ftabe  (-n  or  -no,  -n); 

— s,  bie  SKi[fcnfrf)aftcn,  bie  Vitera= 

tur';  man  of  — s,  ber  ®c{)riftfteUcr 

(-6,  -),  ber  ('.klcf)rte  (-n,  -n). 
level,  adj.,  eben,  flac^. 


level,  v.,  nieber=(egen. 

liberal,  liberal',  freifinnig,  bulbfam. 

liberation,    bie   iöcfreiung;  War  of 

Liberation,    ber    33efreiungöfrieg 

(-eö,  -e). 
liberty,  bie  ^rei^cit  (-,  -en), 
library,  bie  iöibliütljef  (-,  -en),  bie 

33üd^erei  (-,  -en). 
licentiate,  ber  ^Ujentiat'  (--en,  -en), 
lick,  lecfen. 
lie,  liegen  (a,  e),  lagern;  —  down, 

fic^  ^in=lcgen,  fid)  niebcr4egen,  fic^ 

nieber=ftrccfen. 
life,  baö  I'ebcn  (-Ö,  -);  —  insurance, 

bie  Sebenöoerfid)erung  (-,  -en);  — 

work,  bie  Berufsarbeit  (-,  -en), 
lift,  lieben  (o,  o),  crl)ebcn  (o,  o),  auf= 

lieben  (o,  o). 
light,  baä  ^id^t  (-eö,  -e  or  -er),  ber 

(yianj  (-eö). 
light,  v.,  an^jünben,  erleuchten. 
light,  adj.,  leicht, 
light-footed,  leichtfüßig, 
light-hearted,  fri)l}li^. 
lighten,  erleichtern, 
lightning,  ber  33U^  (-e8,  -e). 
like,  v.,  gem  l)abcn  (l^atte,  gel^abt), 

mögen  (modjte,  gcmod)t). 
like,  adv.,  mie;  be  — ,  gleichen  (i,  i) 

(w.  dat.). 
likewise,  gleichfalls,  aud^. 
limb,    ha^    (^licb    (-eS,    -er);    (= 

branch)  ber  51  ft  (-eö,  -^e). 
limit,  bie  CiJrcnje  (-,  -n),  ba§  (^kbiet 

(-8,  -c)  (territory),  bie  3o"f  {', 

-n). 
limit,  v.,  bcfdjränfen. 
linden    tree,    ber    \?inbenbaum    (-8, 

■^c),  bie  iHnbe  (-,  -n). 
line,  bie  i^inie  (-,  -n). 
line,  v.,  befel^^en. 
linen,  haQ  ii^innen  (-8),  bie  ^einiuanb 

(-). 
lip,  bie  S^ippc  (-,  -n). 
listen,  laufd)cn  (to,  dat.),  mcrfcn  (to, 

auf  7C'.  ace),  l)öreu. 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


163 


literan^,  Itterartfc^,  flctc^rt. 
literature,  bic  I'iteratiir'  ( -,  -en), 
little,  flcin;  lücnig  {num.). 
live,  (eben,  (= dwell)  loo^nen;  —  to- 
gether, jufamincn  leben, 
lively,  leben'bipi,  lebljaft. 
living,  adj.,  lebcn'big. 
llama,  bai  Varna  (-g,  -Ö). 
load,  bie  Vaft  (-,  -en),  ha^  ^^uber 

(-Ö,  -). 
load,  v.,  belaften. 
loaf  about,  uml;cr4ungern. 
locality,  bic  Sage  (-,  -n). 
locate;    be  — d,    fic^    befinben   (a, 

u). 
location,  bie  ?age  (-,  -n),  bie  ©egenb 

(-,  -en), 
lock,  baä  ®c^Io§  (-e^,  ^er). 
lock,  v.,  [d)IieBen  (0,  0),  öcrfd^Iie^en 

(0,  0). 
locomotive,  bie  ?ofomoti'öe  (-,  -n). 
lofty,  luftig,  ergaben,  [tattlic^,  [tolj. 
log  hut,  ba&  33Iocf^auö  (-eö,  ^er). 
loin,  bie  Senbc  (-,  -n). 
lonesome,  einfam. 
long,  adj.,  lang;  adv.,  lange,  tang; 

no  — er,  nid)t  me()r,  nid^t  länger; 

— ■  needed,  längft  notmenbig;  as 

—  as,  fo  lange  alö. 
long,  v.,  \id)  feljnen  (for,  nac^). 
longing,  ha^  53crlangen  (-ö). 
longingly,  fef)nfüc^tig. 
look,  bilden,  [e^cn  (a,  e);  —  after, 

nad)4el)en;— around,umt)er4et)en; 
—  about,  fid)  um=fel)en;  — at, 

an^fe^en  (a,  e);  —  up,  auf  abliefen, 
loose,  loder. 

Lord,  ber  §err  (-n,  -en), 
lose,  öerlieren  (0,  0). 
loss,  ber  Sßerluft  (-Ö,  -e). 
lot,  ba^  ?o3  (-eö,  -e). 
loud,  laut, 
love,   bie  ?iebe  (-);  —  song,   bo6 

Siebeglieb  (-eö,  -er), 
love,  v.,  lieben, 
lovely,  lieblid),  fd^ön. 


lover,  ber  ?iebcnbe  (-n,  -n),  ber 
iöerlicbtc  (-n,  -n),  ber  l'icbl)abcr 

H,  -). 

low,  niebrig,  tief,  gering;  —er,  ber 
(bic,  baö)  untere  or  niebere;  the 
Lower  Rhine,  ber  Unterr^cin 
(-{?);  in  a  —  lone,  bunipf. 

lower,  ^erunter4affen  (ie,  a). 

loyalty,  bie  Xrcue  (-). 

luck,  good  luck,  baö  ölücf  (-8),  ber 
erfolg  (-Ö,  -e),  ber  Ölüdöfall  (-ö, 
■*e);  bad  — ,  ha^  Ungllid  (-8),  bad 
Unljeil  (-8),  ha^  3)iiBgefd^icf  (-8, 
-e). 

luckily,  gtücfUd^erlDcifc. 

lure,  loden. 

Lurley,  ber  ?urlelj  (i^elfen)  (-8). 

luxuriant,  üppig. 


Madeira,  9)tabeira  (-8). 

magic,  gauberifd);  —  power,  bic 
3auberfraft  (-,  -^e). 

magnificent,  l)crrlic^,  ftattlic^. 

maid,  maiden,  bie  Jungfrau  (-,-cn), 
bie  Jungfer  (-,  -n),  ba8  SOMbd^en 
(-8,  -);  —  of  honor,  bie  Gl)ren= 
bame  (-,  -n);  old  — ,  bie  alte 
^fungfer. 

main;  —  thing,  bie  ipauptfac^e  (-, 
-n). 

maintain,  behaupten,  erflären. 

majesty,  bie  SQ^aieftat  (-,  -en). 

majority,  bie  9}?el)rja^l  (-,  -en). 

make,  mad)en,  ausfertigen,  öerurfa- 
d^en,  entrichten  (a  contribution); 
—  fun  of,  fid)  luftig  madden  über. 

malicious,  bo8^aft. 

man,  ber  9}?ann  (-c8,  ^er),  bic 
9}Jann8perfon  (-,  -en),  ber  )ßUn\d) 
(-en,  -en)  (humankind);  men, 
coll.,  bic  ?cute,  bie  9)hnncn  (hus- 
bandmen). 

man,  v.,  mit  Äriegem  befc^cn,  be« 
mannen. 


104 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


bie   33crn)altung    (-, 


management, 

-en), 
manifest,  an  bcu  Xag  legen,  bejcigen, 

offenbaren, 
manifold,  mannigfaltig, 
manner,  bie  ^eife  (-,  -n). 
manual,  ba3  9J?anual'  (-Ö,  -e). 
manufacture,  bie  3nbu[trie  (-,  -n). 
manufacturing  concern,  haß  i^ahviU 

gefc^äft  (-6,  -e);  — establishment, 

bie  gttbrifanlage  (-,  -n). 
manuscript,  bie  !f)anbfc^rift  (-,  -en), 
many,  öiele;  —  a,  mand),  manc^  ein. 
map,  bie  ÜSanbfarte  (-,  -n). 
March,  ber  ^dMvi  (-en  or  -eö,  -e); 

—  wind,  ber  9JJär5(en)minb  (-eö, 
-e). 

march,  ntarfi-i^ieren,  fid^  bclüegen. 

margrave,  ber  SOJarfgraf  (-en,  -en). 

mark,  bie  3}?arf  (-,  -en). 

mark,  ba3  3^^^)^^  M/  -)/  ^^^  ^^' 
ireig  (-eS,  -e);  —  of  esteem,  bie 
^oc^act)tungä=53e5eigung   (-,  -en); 

—  of  honor,  bie  (g^renbejeigung 
(-,  -en). 

mark,  v.,  fennjeic^nen,  au^^jeic^nen; 
— ed,  au^gejeic^net  (by,  burc^). 

market,  ber  'Mavtt  (-eö,  ^e);  — 
place,  ber  3}?arftp(a^  (-eg,  ^e). 

marriage,  bie  (S()e  (-,  -n). 

marry,  heiraten,  fic^  öerf)eiraten;  be 
married,  einanber  (or  [id))  f)ei= 
raten,  fii^  ocr^ciraten  (to,  mit). 

marsh,  ber  Sumpf  (-eä,  -^c). 

martyr,  ber  i)J?artl)rer  (-Ö,  -). 

marvelous,  munberbar. 

mass,  bie  9}?eife  (-,  -n)  (church). 

massive,  maffiu',  maffig,  onfef)nIici^. 

mast,  ber  9J?aft  (-cä,  -e  or  -en). 

master,  ber  ."pcrr  (-n,  -en).     . 

masterly,  meiftcr^aft. 

mastery,  ber  S3orrang  (-8)  (of, 
über);  get  the  — ,  ben  55orrang 
gewinnen  (a,  o)  (of,  über). 

material,  nrnterieU'. 

materially,  tucfentlirf). 


mathematical-natural  science,  ma- 

t^ematifc^maturmiffcnfc^aftUc^. 
mathematics,   bie  9J?atl)ematif'   (-, 

-en), 
matriculate,     fic^     immatrifulicrcn 

laffcn  (ie,  a). 
matriculation,    bie    93?atrifulation' 

(-,  -en), 
matter,  bie  «Sac^e  (-,  -n);  — s  are 

going  wrong,  eg  [te^t  frf)Iccf)t;  — 

of  course,  felbftDcrftänblicf). 
maximum,  ber  ()öc^fte  (^rab  (-eg,  -e). 
may,  mögen,  fönncn,  bürfen;  —  be, 

fann  fein,  dieUeid)t. 
mead,  ber  )))ht  (-eg,  -e). 
meadow,  bie  ffiicfe  (-,  -n);  —  land, 

ber  SSicfenboben   (-g),  bie  SBicfe 

(-,  -n). 
meal,  bie  ^Wafiljeit  (-,  -en), 
mean,  adj.,  fc^Icc^t,  niebrig. 
mean,  v.,  meinen,   bebeuten  (=sig- 

nify);    what    do   you   — ?    irag 

n)o((en  Sie  bamit  fagcn?;  that  — s, 

bag  ^eißt  (b.  f).). 
meaning,  bie  iöcbeutung  (-,  -en), 
means,  bag  Wittd  (-g,  -),  bie  aijittcl 

(coll.);  —  of  teaching,  bag  Unter^ 

rid)tgmittel  (-g, -);  by  —  of,  öcr= 

mittelft  (gen.),  burc^. 
meanwhile,     mittlcrmcile,     bieroeil, 

injtt)ifd)en. 
measure,  bag  9}?af3  (-eg,  -e). 
measured,  bcbäc^tig,  regelmäfjig. 
meat,  bag  ^Icifd)  (-eg). 
mechanism,    bag   mec^anifc^c   SScrf 

(-Ö,  -e). 
mediaeval,  mittelalterlid^. 
medical,     mcbijinifif),    ärjtlid);    — 

student,  ber  Stubent'  (-en,  -en) 

ber  9.)Jebi.^in. 

edicinc,  bie  * 

^^Irjncifiinbe. 
meditate,    ii  ait  ben  fen    (bad)te,    ge- 

bad)t). 
meditative,  nad)bennid). 
meet,    begegnen    (dal.),   '^ufammen> 


I 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


i6s 


fommen  (fam,  o),  [icf)  treffen  (traf, 
o),  fid)  Dcrfammcln;  befriebiflcii, 
erfüllen  (a  promise);  —  death, 
ben  Xob  finbcn  (a,  u). 
meeting,  bie  '-yerfamnilunfl  (-,  -en); 
—  place,  bcr  3aniniclpunft  (-Ö, 

-e). 
melancholy,  frf)iüermütifl. 
melodious,  mclobifrf),  n)o[)lf(ingenb. 
melody,  ber  5?(ang  (-eö,  ^c). 
member,  baö  iOhtgUcb  (-eg,  -er), 
memory,  baö  (s)ebäcf)tnig  (-feg),  bag 

Slngebcnfcn  (-ö). 
menial,  gemein,  niebrig. 
mention,  ermähnen,  nennen  (nannte, 

genannt), 
merchant,  ber  5t  aufmann  (-g,-Ieute); 

ber  £aufl)err  (-n,  -en);  —  prince, 

ber  §anbelgfiirft  (-en,  -en). 
mere,  nur,  aUcin,  bloß, 
merit,  hai  ^-Berbienft  (-eg,  -e). 
mermaid,  bie  Seejungfer  (-,  -n),  bie 

giije  (-,  -n). 
merry,  fröt)lirf),  luftig;  — ily,  luftig, 
mesh,  bie  3)?afc^e  (-,  -n). 
messenger,  ber  55ote  (-n,  -n). 
metal    pipe,    bie    DJZetairpfeife    (-, 

-n). 
method,  bie  93?et^o'be  (-,  -n). 
metropolitan,  adj.,  erjbifc^öftic^. 
middle,  bie  iDHtte  (-);  (with  nouns) 

Wind—;  —  ages,  bag  3}?ittelalter 

(sing,  only);  —  class,  bie  dJlitttU 

flaffe  (-,  -n);  —  class  school,  bie 

5[)?ittelf(^ure  (-,  -n). 
midst,  bie  Wittt;  in  the  —  of,  in= 

mitten  (gen.),  mitten  in  .  .  . 
mien,  bie  Witnt  (-,  -n). 
might,  bie  9)?a(^t  (-,  ^e). 
mighty,  mächtig,  gemaltig. 
Milan,  9}?ailanb  (-g). 
mild,  milb(e). 
mile,  bie  50? eile  (-,  -n). 
military,  folbatifd). 
milk-white,  milc^meiß. 
mill,  bie  9J?ü()(e  (-,  -n). 


milk-r,  ber  ^JhlKcr  (-g,  -). 
million,  bie  iUiilUon'  ( -,    en). 
mind,  ber  (^eift  ( -cg,  -er),  ber  3inu 

(-cg,  -e). 
mind,  v.;  never  — ,  bag  ift  einerlei, 

bag  mac^t  nic^tg,  lafj  eg  gut  fein, 
mine,  bag  iöergmcrf  (-g,  -c). 
mine,  pron.  adj.,  mein,  bcr  (bic,  bag) 

meinige. 
mingle,   Dcrbinbcn   (a,  u);   is  — d, 

öerbinbet  fic^. 
minimum;   at   a  —   cost,    ju   ben 

niebrigften  'i^rcifcn. 
mining,  ber  53ergbau  (-g). 
minstrel,   ber  Sänger  (-g,  -),  ber 

Spielmann  (-g,  -leute). 
minute,  bie  932inutc  (-,  -n). 
miracle,  bag  SSunbcr  (-g,  -);  per- 
form — s,  SBunbcr  tun  (tat,  ge= 

tan), 
miraculous,  rounbcrbar. 
mischief,  bcr  Unfug  (-g). 
miserable,  elcnb. 
misery,  bag  (Slcnb  (-g). 
misfortune,  bag  Ungliicf  (-g),  bag 

9}?iBgefcf)icf    (-g,   -e),   bie   §eim= 

fud^ung  (-,  -en), 
miss,  miffen. 

missile,  bag  SBurfgefc^oB  (-eg,  -c). 
mistake;  be  mistaken,  fic^  irren, 
mistletoe,  bie  Wi\td  (-,  -n). 
mix,  mifc^en. 

mixture,  bie  DJHfc^ung  (-,  -en), 
mock,  nac^^a^men. 
model,  adj.,  mufter^aft. 
moderate,  mäf:äg,  mittelmäßig, 
modem,  mobem',  I)eutig,  feljig,  neu, 

neuerlid},  neuer;  —  languages,  bie 

neuem  2prad)en. 
moment,  ber  3lugenb(icf  (-g,  -e). 
IMonday,  ber  9J?ontag  (-g,  -e). 
money,  bag  ©e(b  (-eg,  -er), 
monk,  ber  Wöni)  (-eg,  -e). 
monotonous,  eintönig, 
month,  ber  Womt  (-g,  -e). 
monument,  ta^  '3)enfmal  (-g,  -"er 


1 66 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


or  -c);  —  sculptor,  ber  Denfmal^ 

iÖiIb()auer  (-ö,  -). 
moon,  ber  SOJonb  (-eg,  -e). 
Moorland,  SOJoorlanb  (-g). 
moral,  moralifrf),  fittlic^. 
morality,  bie  9}ioral',  bie  3ittUrf)fcit. 
morals,  good  morals,  bie  ©efittung. 
Moravia,  SD^ä^ren  (-ä). 
more,  mcf)r. 
moreover,  überbieg, 
morning,  ber  9)2or(^cn  (-Ö,  -). 
morsel,  ber  iöiffen  {-%,  -). 
most,  mei[t;  adv.^  am  meij'ten,  fcf)r; 

for    the    —    part,    c^rö[]tenteiIg, 

l^auptfäc^(i(^;  at  — ,  l)öc^[teng;  — 

of  all,  am  aKermeiften. 
mostly,  mei[teiig. 
mother,  bie  !i)Jhitter  (-,  ^). 
motion,  bie  53ciDegung  (-,  -en), 
motion,  v.,  rtinfen  {dat?},  ^u^lüinfen 

{dat.). 
motionless,  unbelDeglid^. 
mountain,  ber  33crg  (-eg,  -e);  coll., 

— s,  bag  (^3ebirge  (-g,  -);  —  chain, 

bag  ©ebirge  (-g,  -),  bie  (^ebirgg^ 

fette  {-,  -n);  —  giant,  ber  Serg= 

riefe  (-n,  -n). 
mountainous,  bergig, bergel^od^  (A^-)- 
mourn,  trauern, 
mouth,  ber  2)?unb  (-eg,  ^er  or  -e), 

bag  9)kul  (-eg,  ^er);  bie  9}?ünbung 

(-,  -en)  (of  rivers). 
move,   Ir.,  bemegen  (o,  o  or  reg.); 

intr.,  fief)  belegen;  —  along,  — 

on,  meitcr=gef)en  (ging,  gegangen), 

fief)    ineiter    belegen;    —    down, 

!)inab=ge^en. 
movement,  bie  53emegnng  (-,  -en); 

artistic    — ,    bie    ^i'unftbeiregung 

(-,  -en). 
much,  öiel;  adv.,  fef)r;  as  —  as,  fo 

Diel  alg. 
mulberry  tree,   ber  SO^auIbccrbaum 

(-g,  -c). 
mule,  bag  2y?aultier  (-g,  -c). 
multitude,  bie  9[J?enge  ( -,   -n). 


Munich,  SWiinc^en  (-g);  adj.,  2)?ün= 
cf)ener. 

municipal,  ftäbtifc^. 

munificent,  freigebig. 

murderer,  ber  3}?örber  (-g,  -). 

museum,  bag  iDiufeum  (-g,  -fcen). 

mushroom,  ber  '^ilj  (-eg,  -e). 

music,  bie  a^fJufif  (-),  bag  Spiel  (-g, 
-e);  band  of  — ,  bag  3)?ufifforpg 
(-,  -). 

musical,  njo^Iffingenb,  melobifc^,  fang- 
bar. 

musk-leaf,  bag  9[)?ugfat'blatt  (-g, 
^cr). 

must,  muffen  (mußte,  gemußt). 

mutter,  murmeln. 

mythology,  bie  3)?l)t^o(ogie'  (-,  -en). 


name,  ber  9lame  or  5^amen  (-eng, 

-en);  by  — ,  nameng. 
name,  v.,  nennen  (nannte,  genannt), 
nameless,  unnennbar. 
Napoleonic,  napolconifd). 
narrow,   beengt;  — s,   bie  9J?eerenge 

(-,  -n). 
nation,    bie   Station'  (-,   -en),  bag 

33oIf  (-g,  -er). 
national,  national',  öatcrliinbifrf);  — 

feeling,  bag  ^^tationalgefübl  (-g). 
native,  adj.,  einf)cimifcf),  l)cimatUd); 

—  land,  bag  initerlanb  (-eg,  -^er). 
natural,   natiirlid);  —  science,  bie 

'9^itur>inffcn|d)aft  (-,  -en), 
naturally,  natiirlid),  felbftöerftänblic^. 
nature,    bie   OMtur'    (-,   -en),    ber 

CSl)araf'tcr  (-g,  -  or  -e);  good  — , 

bie  CMutmiitigfeit. 
nave,  bag  2d)iff  (-g,  -e);  —  of  the 

church,  bag  ilird)cnfdnff  (-g,  -c). 
near,  adj.,  nal)c;  prep.,  bei,  nal)e  bei; 

adv.,  bancbcu,  in  ber  "i)iiil)e;  —  by, 

adj.,  nat)c,  bancben  ftebenb;  —  by, 

adv.,   nahebei,  in  ber  "Oifibe,  wa^v. 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


167 


come  — ,  na^  ^cran=fommcn  (fam, 

0). 
nearly,  faft,  beinahe, 
neat/reinlid),  faubcr,  orbcntUc^. 
necessar)',    notroenbig,    er[orbcrli(^, 

nötig, 
need,  bic  ^lot  (-,  ^e);  there  is  great 

—  for  something,  ctiüo^  ift  fc^r 
nötig;  be  in  —  of  something, 
ctmaö  bcbilrfcn  (beburfte,  beburft), 
nötig  i)abm. 

need,  v.,  brauchen. 

negro,  bcr  ^Dicgcr  {-^,  -),  bcr  Sc^marje 

(-n,  -n). 
neighbor^  bcr  'Dlac^bar  (-Ö  or  -n,  -en), 
neighborhood,  bic  "DMdibarlcfiatt  (-, 

-en), 
neighboring,  benachbart,  na^e. 
neither,  pron.,  feiner, — e, — t^]adv., 

—  . . .,  nor . . .,  ttieber  . . .,  noc^  . . . 
nephew,  bcr  ^Dleffe  (-n,  -n). 

nest,  bag  '?kft  (-co,  -er). 

nest,  z'.,  ni[tcn. 

net,  ba^3  0ht3  (-eä,  -e). 

Netherlands,  bic  Olieberlanbe. 

never,  nie,  niemals. 

nevertheless,  tro^bem,  bod),  ieboc^. 

new,  neu;  —  bom,  neugeboren. 

newly,  jung  ft. 

news,   bic  '!)iad)rid)t   (-,  -en);  sad 

— ,  bie  Unglücföbotfcöaft  (-,  -en), 
next,  näc^i't;  adv.,  junäc^i't  (to,  dat. 

preceding). 
Nibelungen,  bie  Nibelungen  iplur.). 
nice,  t)übidi.  [ber  9?aci)t. 

night,  bie  :)lad)t  (-,  "e),  at—,  in 
nightingale,  bie  D^acf^tigatl  (-,  -en), 
nine,  neun. 

nineteenth,  neun^e^nt — . 
ninety,  neun^jig. 

no,  adj.,  fein;  adv.  and  interj.,  nein, 
noble,  ebel,  prädjtig,  ^errlic^. 
nobody,  niemanb. 
nod,  nicfen. 
noise,   'ba^  @eräu[c^   (-eö,  -e),  ber 

?ärm  (-Ö). 


none,  pron.,  fein. 

nook,  bcr  iBinfel  (-Ö,  -). 

noon,  ber  9Jiittag  (-«,  -c). 

noose,  bic  2ct)lingc  (-,  -n). 

Normandy,  bic  ^3iormanbic'  (-). 

Norse,  norbifd). 

north,  bcr  'Diorben  (-Ö);  North  Ger- 
man, adj.,  norbbcutfc^. 

northeast,  bcr  gf^orboi'tcn  (-d);  a  J;., 
norböi'tUc^. 

northern,  nörbUc^. 

nose,  bie  9?a[e  (-,  -n). 

not,  nid)t. 

notably,  Dor  aKem. 

noted,  adj.,  befannt. 

nothing,  nic^t^. 

notice,  bemerfcn. 

noticeable,  auffäUig,  bcmerflid);  be- 
come — ,  fic^  bemerflic^  machen. 

novel,  bie  SioDclle  (-,  -n). 

now,  je^t,  nun. 

nowadays,  ^eutjutage. 

nowhere,  nirgenbö. 

number,  bie  3a{)I  (-,  -en),  bie  3In= 
ja^I  (-,  -en),  bie  9)2 enge  (-,  -n). 

number,  v.,  säf)(en;  be  — ed,  jä^len 
(among,  ju). 

numerous,  ^a^lreic^. 

Nuremberg,  ijcümberg  f-ö). 

nurse,  pflegen,  groB=jic^en  (gog,  ge= 
sogen). 

nut,  bie  "iJtuB  (-,  ^e). 


oak,  bie  (Sic^e  (-,  -n);  —  beam,  ber 

(Sid)enpf often  (-6,  -). 
oath,  ber  (Sib  (-e«,  -e);  by  — ,  ciblic^. 
oats,  bcr  Safer  (-€);  field  of  — ,  ba« 

^afcrfefb  (-eö,  -er), 
obedience,  ber  ©c^orfam  (-8). 
obedient,  gcl^orfam. 
obey,  gcf)ord)cn  (dat.). 
object,  ber  (5)egcnftanb  (-co,  -^e),  bic 

3ac^e  (-,  -n),  ber  3*üecf  (-co  or 

-Ö,  -e),  ha^  (Snbjicl  (-«,  -e). 


1 68 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


object,  v.,  ctma«  cinjurDenbcn  ^aben 

(to,  gegen);  not  — ,  nicf)t6  einju= 

menbcn  1:)ahm  (to,  gegen), 
oblige,  öcrbinbcn  (a,  u),  oerpfüc^ten; 

be  obliged,  mü[[en. 
obsen'e,  bemerfen. 
obtain,    erlangen,   erzielen,   er{)alten 

(ie,  a), 
occasion,  bie  (Gelegenheit  (-,  -en), 

bie    3Seran(a[[ung    (-,    -en)    (= 

cause),  baö  (greigniä  (-fe«,  -je) 

(=event). 
occasionally,  biömcilen,  gelegentlich, 
occupation,    bie    33cfc^äftigung    {-, 

-en),  bie  Xätigfeit  (-,  -en),  bie 

33efi^na^me. 
occupy,  bcfc^öftigen,  ein=ne{)men  (a, 

genommen),  bemo^nen  (a  house), 
occur,  öor^fommen  (fam,  o)  (hap- 
pen),    ein^fallen     (fiel,     a)     (a 

thought)  (dat.). 
ocean,  ber  Ojean  (-g,  -e),  baS  9J?eer 

(-eg,  -e). 
odor,  ber  (Gerud^  (-g,  ^e). 
offer,  ber  Slntrag  (-g,  ^e). 
offer,  v.,  an-bieten  (o,  o),  [id)  erbieten 

(o,  o),  öor4rf)lagen  (u,  a)  (=pro- 

pose),  opfern  (sacrifice),  leiften. 
offering,  baS  Opfer  (-g,  -). 
officer,  ber  Offijier'  (-Ö,  -e). 
official,  ber  S3eamte  (-n,  -n). 
often,  oft. 
old,  alt. 
on,  adv.,   heiter,   fort;  prep.,  anf, 

an. 
once,  einmal,  einft,  fonft,  früher;  at 

— ,  fofort,  anf  einmal,  fogleirf);  — 

more,  nocf)  einmal,  njicberum. 
one,  ein,  indef.  man;  no  — ,  fein, 

niemanb  (nobody), 
only,  adv.,  nur,  allein,  crft;  not  — , 

but    (also),    nic^t    nur,    fonbcrn 

auc^;  adj.,  einjig. 
ooze,  fliegen  (o,  o). 
open,  adj.,  offen,  frei,  freimütig,  ge= 

öffnet  (to,  dat.);  —  sky,  ber  freie 


^immel  (-d);  in  the  — ,  im  freien 

^elbe,  im  ^^reien. 
open,  v.,  öffnen;  —  up,  erfcf)ließen 

(o,  o);  — ing  up,  bie  (^rfc^ließung 

(-,  -en), 
operate,  in  S3etrieb  f)aben. 
opinion,  bie  9)?einung  (-,  -en);  be 

of  the  — ,  ber  3Jieinung  fein, 
opponent,  ber  (Gegner  (-ö,  -). 
opportunity,  bie  (Gclegcnl)eit  (-,  -en), 
oppressive,  briicfenb,  beengenb. 
order,  ber  ^efef)l  (-0,  -e);  give  — s, 

33efel)l  geben  (a,  e);  in  —  to,  um  ju. 
order,  v.,  orbnen. 
organ,  bie  Orgel  (-,  -n). 
organize,  organifieren. 
origin,  bie  (Entfte^ung  (-,  -en),  ber 

beginn  (-ö,  -e). 
originally,  urfpriinglic^. 
originate,    entfielen    (entftanb,    ent= 

ftanben). 
originator,  ber  Segriinber  (-8,  -). 
ornament,  bie  ^iei^öe  (-,  -n). 
ornamentation,  bie  Ornamentierung 

(-,  -en). 
orphan,  bie  2öaife  (-,  -n). 
orphaned,  Dcrmaift. 
other,  anber;  another,  ein  anbercr; 

one  an — ,  each  — ,  einanber. 
otherwise,  fonft. 
ought,  follen. 
out  of,  auö. 

outward,  adj.,  äufeer;  —  appear- 
ance, bag  ?iu[Kre  (-n). 
outworks,  bie  51ufeenn)erfe  {plitr.). 
oven,  ber  Ofen  (-g,  ^). 
over,  adv.,  über,  mcf)rmalg,  (  =  past) 

oorbei,  Dorübcr;  prep.,  über, 
overboard,  über  iöorb. 
overcome,  übcnoinbcu  (a,  u), 
overlook,  überragen. 
overtake,  cin=f)olen. 
overthrow,  über  bcu  \iaufen  iDcrfen 

(a,  o). 
owe,  frf)ulben  {dal.  of  fyrrs.),  banfcn 

{dat.    of   pcrs.),    öcrbaiifen    (to, 


GERM.\N    PROSE   COMPOSITIUN 


IÖ9 


dat.)]  owing  to,  in  '^o\Q,t  (Don  or 
gen.). 

owl,  bie  Gulc  (-,  -n). 

own,  adj.,  eigen,  eigentümlich  (pe- 
culiar). 

own,  v.,  bejiUen  (befaß,  bcjeffen). 

owner,  ber  i8e|il?er  (-d,  -). 

ox,  ber  Oc^fe  (-n,  -n). 


pagan,  adj.,  ^cibnifc^. 

paint,  malen. 

painter,  ber  MoXtx  (-g,  -). 

painting,  bie  SDJalerei  (-,  -en). 

pair,  'ba^  "i'aar  {-t%,  -e). 

palace,    ber   ^ßalaft'    (-eö,  -c),  hai 

Schloß  (-eg,  ^er). 
pale,  blaß. 

Palestine,  '^]}aläi'tina  (-«). 
pang,  ber  Scftmerj  (-eg,  -en),  bag 

SBe^  (-g);  give  some  one  a  bitter 

— ,   einem  einen   3tic^  ing  ^er^ 

geben  (a,  e). 
papal,  päpi'tlic^. 
parallel,    bie   5J[f)nlid)fett    (-,   -en); 

without  a  — ,  o^ne  öleic^en. 
parch,  oerjengen,  aug-trocfnen. 
parental,  elterlicf). 
parents,  bie  Gltern  (plur.). 
parish,  bie  ']?farre  (-,  -n). 
park,  ber  'l.^arf  (-g,  -g  or  -e),  bie 

i|3arfanlage  (-,  -n). 
parliament,    bag    ^Parlament'    (-g, 

-e). 
parson,  ber  'l?farrcr  f-g,  -). 
parsonage,  bag  "pfarrliaug  (-eg,  ^er). 
part,  ber  Jeil  (-eg,  -c),  bie  9?ollc 

(-,  -n)    (role);   — ,   — ,   einige, 

anbere;   take  — ,  teil=nel)men   (a, 

genommen)  (in,  an  w.  dat.) 
part,  v.,  trennen, 
partially,  tcilroeije,  ^um  Xeil. 
participate,  tcil=ncf)men  (in,  an  w. 

dat.)  (a,  genommen). 


particular,  eigentümlich;  in  — ,  in«» 

befonberc. 
party,  bie  "^JJartei'  (-,  -en), 
pass,  gcl)cn  (ging,  gegangen),  oorbei* 
ge^en,  dr.)  bei'tct)en  (beftanb,  bcftam 
ben)  (examination),  ^erum=gel)cn 
laffen  (ie,  a)  (the  snutT-bo.x,  the 
bell-purse),  oerlcben,  l)in=bringen 
(bracbtc,  gebracf)t)  (time);  —  by, 
Dorübcr=gef)en,  (  =  ride  past)  Dor- 
bei-fa^ren  (u,  a)  (bei,  an);  —  out, 
oerlaffen  (ie,  a);  —  through, 
burc^=pafiieren;  it  comes  to  — , 
eg  trir'ft  I'ic^  (treffen,  traf,  0). 

passing-bell,  bie  3terbeglocfe  {-, 
-n). 

past,  adj.,  le^t;  adv.,  öorbei,  Dor= 
über. 

pastime,  bie  Unterhaltung  (-,  -en), 
bie  iöefc^äftigung  (-,  -en). 

pastor,  ber  "^^.^farrer  (-g,  -),  ber 
*ipaftor'  (-g,  -en). 

pasture,  bie  SBeibe  (-,  -n),  bie 
,.^utung  (-,  -en). 

path,  ber  ^fab  (-eg,  -e),  ber  ®teg 
(-eg,  -e). 

patience,  bie  @ebulb  (-). 

patient,  gebulbig. 

patois,  ber  ^^ialeff  (-g,  -c). 

patriotic,  patriotifc^. 

patron,  ber  "']3atron'  (-g,  -e),  ber 
Sc^irm^err  (-n,  -en);  —  saint, 
ber  2c^u|patron  (-g,  -e). 

pattern,  bag  SDJufter  (-g,  -),  bag 
5?orbi(b  (-eg,  -er). 

pause,  bie  '^^T^aufe  (-,  -n),  bie  iESeile 
(-,  -n). 

pay,  bie  iöe^aljlung  (-,  -en). 

pay,  v.,  beja^len,  lof)nen;  —  for, 
be^a^len. 

payment,  bie  iSc^ablung  (-,  -en). 

peace,  ber  55riebent)  (-ng,  -n). 

peacefully,  frieblic^,  fanft. 

peak,  ber  ®ipfel  (-g,  -\  bie  5pitje 
(-,  -n). 

peal,  tönen,  fc^allen. 


lyo 


GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 


peasant,  ber  Saucr  (-^  or  -n,  -n). 

peculiar,  eigcntiimlicf). 

peculiarity,  bic  (SigcntiimUd^feit  {-, 

-en). 
pedal,  baa  ''^Jcbd'  (-g,  -c). 
peep  out,  {)eriuiv  i"ft)aiien. 
peer,  f)erau^=)rf)auen,  gucfen. 
pen,  ber  Stall  (-e3,  -e),  ber  (Sc^roci^ 

nefobcn  (-g,  -). 
penetrate,  ein-brlngen  (o,  u)  (in  .  .  .). 
penny,  ber  '^^f^nnig  (-Ö,  -c). 
pension   funds,   bie   *ißenfionöEa[[en 

{plur.). 
pensive,  gebnnfenöod,  nac^benfUc^. 
people,   bag  ^olf  (-^,  ^er);  plur. 

coll.,    bie    l^eute,    bie    5D?cn[d)cn; 

grown   — ,   bie  örmacfifenen,   bie 

©ro&en. 
perceive,  Derne^mcn  (a,  öernommen), 

erfennen   (erfannte,   erfannt),    be= 

merfen. 
percent,  bag  ^ro^ent'  (-Ö,  -e);  adv., 

auf  ha^  .f)unbert. 
perfect,  öodfommcn,  ooirenbet;  — ly, 

üöIUg,  gänjUc^. 
perform,  beforgen,  tun  (tat,  getan), 
performance,  bie  (Erfüllung  (-,  -en), 
perhaps,  öicllcic^t. 
period,  ber  Zeitraum  (-g,  ^o),  bie 

!Dauer. 
perish,    ;^ugrunbc    gct)cn    (ging,    ge- 
gangen), um=fommcn  (fam,  o). 
permanent,  bauernb,  bcftiinbig,  fort= 

bauernb. 
permission,  bie  (Srlaubniö  (-,  -fe). 
permit,  erlauben  {dat.  of  pers.),  ge= 

[tatten  {dat.  of  pcrs.). 
persecute,  ocrfolgcn. 
person,  bie  '']3erfon'  (-,  -en);  in  — , 

pcrfönlic^,  felbft. 
perspiration,  ber  <3rf)mri[?  (-eö). 
perturb,  erfdjiittern,  irre  niad)cn. 
Petrarch,  *!l3etvarca  {-•&). 
pew,  ber  .^1rd)cn[tul)l  (-Ö,  ^e). 
pharmacy,  bic  '].M)arnia,^ie'. 
philology,  bic  ''].>l)ilologie'. 


philosopher,    ber    ^(jilofop^'    (-en, 

-en), 
philosophical,  p^ilofop^ifc^. 
physical,  p()l)ufalii"c^. 
physician,  ber  %x\\.  (-eg,  -^e). 
physiognomy,  bie  ip^qfiognomie'  {-, 

-n). 
pickerel,  ber  §ec^t  (-3,  -e). 
picture,   ha^  iöilb   {-ti,  -er),   ^Cii 

©emälbe  (-ö,  -)  (painting), 
picturesque,  malerifc^. 
piece,  bad  2tücf  (-ö,  -e);  —  of  art, 

bad  Äunftmerf  (-d,  -e). 
pierced,  burd)bo[}rt. 
piety,  bie  grommigfeit. 
pig,  bad  ©djmein  (-Ö,  -e). 
pile,  ber  6paufe(n)  (-no,  -n);  —  of 

ruins,    ber   Trümmerhaufen    (-Ö, 

-);  funeral  — ,  ber  3d)eiteri)aufen 

(-Ö,  -). 

pile,  v.,  3ufammcn=fd)(eppen. 

pilgrimage,  bie  iU(gerfai)rt  (-,  -en), 
hai  3Baafaf)ren  (-Ö). 

pill,  bie  %\{[t  (-,  -n). 

pine,  bie  O^id^te  (-,  -n),  ber  9?a- 
belbaum  (-g,  ^e)  (general  spe- 
cies). 

pink,  bie  9?clfe  (-,  -n). 

pinnacle,  bic  2pit}e  (-,  -n). 

pioneer,  ber  33af)nbre(^er  (-«,  -). 

pious,  fromm. 

pipe,  bie  ':i>fcifc  (-,  -n). 

pirate,  ber  Üfiiuber  (-Ö,  -). 

pistol,  bie  'i'ifto'Ie  (-,  -n). 

pitiless,  erbarmungdloö. 

pity,  bad  3J?itlcib  (-?),  '^a^  (Srbarmen 
(-Ö)  (on  or  for,  mit);  full  of  — , 
mitlcibt^DoIl. 

place,  ber  '^{a\i  (-c3,  -^e),  ber  Drt 
(-c8,  -c  or  -^er),  bic  Stelle  (-, 
-n),  bic  0>kgenb  (-,  -en)  (region); 
in  —  of,  aw  StcHc  (oon  or  (^en.), 
[tatt,  anftatt;  take  — ,  ftatt  finbcn 
(n,  u). 

place,  v.,  ftcHcn,  legen,  fc^jcn,  ouf= 
[tdlcu. 


GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 


lyi 


plain,  bie  (Ebene  (-,  -n),  bie  lief- 

ebene  (-,  -n). 
plain,  adj.,  beutlic^  (clear),  einfach, 

fd)U(^t  (simple), 
plaintive,  traurig,  flaglicf). 
plan,  bcr  ^]^ian  (-^,  ^e  or  -e). 
plan,  v.,  entiücrfcn  (a,  o),  bcQb|ic^= 

tigen. 
plant,  bie  '^^ftan^e  (-,  -n). 
plant,  v.,  pflan^^cn,  an=pffan',cn. 
plantation,  bie  'i^flanjung  (-,  -en), 

bie  'ilnpflanjuiig  (-,  -en),  ber  33e= 

[tanb  (-eS,  ^e);  —  of  alders  and 

willows,  bie  (Erlen^  unb  ülbeiben^ 

beftänbe  ipliir.). 
plastic,  plaftifc^. 
plateau,  bie  oodjebeite  (-,  -n). 
platform,  bcr  "^^erron'  (-«,  -6). 
play,  [pielen. 
playground,  bcr  Jummclpla^  {-t%, 

^e). 
pleasant,  freunblic^. 
please,  gefaden  (gefiel,  a)  (dat.);  if 

you  — ,  njcnn  e^  O^nen  gcfäUig  i[t, 

bitte, 
pleasure,   "tai   3Sergnügen   (-ä,  -); 

take  — ,  33ergnügen  finben  (a,  u) 

(in,  on  w.  dat.). 
plenty,  bie  güKc. 
plunge,  t)inab=[tür5en,  ba^in^fc^ießen 

(o,  0). 
pocket,  bie  Xa]d}t  (-,  -n). 
poem,  ba^  ©ebic^t  (-3,  -e). 
poet,  ber  3^ic()tcr  (-ö,  -). 
poetic,  bic^tcril'd). 
poetry,  bie  ']?oci'ie'  (-,  -n),  bie  T)i(^= 

tung  (-,  -en). 
point,  ber  ^unH  (-eä,  -e);  the  — 

is,  e^  gilt  (gelten,  galt,  gegolten). 
point,  v.,  ju=ipifeen   (sharpen);  — 

out,  eriTtäqncn. 
pointed,  fpifeig,  [c^arf. 
poison,  ba3  (^ift  (-e^,  -e). 
poisonous,  giftig. 
Poland,  ^]?olen  (-6). 
polite,  ^öflic^. 


politicil,  politifc^;  —  economy,  bie 
2taatön)irt)d)aft  (-,  -en);  — 
science,    adj.,    [taatßimffenfcf)aft^ 

lic^; economic,    ftaat^roiffen* 

fcf)aftlic^=oolf^n)irt[d)aftlid). 

politics,  bie  '^.^olitif  [sing.  only). 

pond,  ber  Jeic^  (-«,  -e). 

ponder,  finnen  (a,  o),  noc^^benfen 
(backte,  gebad)t);  —  over,  nac^= 
[innen  (über  w.  ace.  or  dat.). 

pool,  bcr  Xlimpel  (-g,  -);  — s,  bie 
(sjcroäffcr  iplur.). 

poor,  arm,  f(i)led)t  (plain). 

poorly,  ärntUcf),  bürftig,  [c^lec^t;  — 
supplied,  fc^lec^t  öerforgt. 

pope,  ber  %^apft  (-c>3,  ^e). 

poppy,  bie  .yUatfc^rofe  (-,  -n),  ber 
mifbe  'DJJo^n  (-i). 

popular,  populär',  allgemein  beliebt; 

—  song,  bad  33olfdlieb  (-ed,  -er), 
population,  bie  iöcöölferung  (-, -en), 
porcelain,  ba^d  ^^^or'^cllan'  (-«);  — 

piece,  hit  '^Jor^cUanfigur  (-,  -en), 
portion,  ber  Xeil  i-t%,  -e),  ber  2Ib= 

[c^nitt  (-6,  -e),  ber  5'ügel  (-ö,  -) 

(of  a  building). 
Portuguese,  adj.,  portugiefifc^. 
position,  bie  Stellung  (-,  -en),  ba^ 

SImt  (-ed,  ^er),  bie  Stelle  (-,  -n), 

bie  3In[tellung  (-,  -en), 
possess,  befifeen  fbcfa^,  befeffen);  be- 
come — ed  of,  in  Sei'i^  Don  etroaä 

fommen  (fam,  o). 
possession,  bcr  iöcfilj  C-ed,  -e). 
possible,  möglich, 
post,  ber  "^ia^X  (-ä,  ^e). 
post-office,  bav3  '^oftamt  (-§,  *er). 
postpone,   aufschieben   (o,  o),  Der- 

[c^ieben  (o,  o). 
pot,  bcr  2opf  (-CÖ,  ^e). 
potato,    bie  .Kartoffel   (-,   -n);  — 

field,  bad  .<!artoffclfclb  (-ed,  -er); 

—  plant,  bie  .ftartoffclpflanje  (-, 
-n). 

pour,  gießen  (o,  o);  —  down,  nieber* 
pro  [fein;  fd)ütten. 


172 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


powder,  ba^  ^uloer  (-6,  -). 
power,  bie  iD?acf)t  (-,  -e),  bie  Äraft 

(-,  -^e),  bie  Öeroalt  (-,  -en),  ha^ 

3Sermögen  (-i,  -). 
powerful,  mächtig,  gewaltig, 
powerless,  madjtlo^. 
practicable,  auöfü^rbar. 
practical,  praftifd),  mirfUc^. 
practice,  bie  ^rayiö. 
practice,  v.,  Quö=üben. 
praise,    ba^   ?ob    (-eg),    ber   S^vd^ 

(-eg,  -e). 
pray,  beten,  bitten  (ask)   (bat,  ge= 

beten)  (for,  urn), 
prayer,  ha^  (^ebet  (-3,  -e),  bie  Sitte 

(-,  -n). 
precede,  t)oran4c^reitcn  (fc^ritt,  ge- 

fc^ritten  (dat.). 
precious,  teuer,  mertöoll;  —  stone, 

ber  (Ebelftein  (-Ö,  -e). 
precipice,  ber  Slbgrunb  (-Ö,  -^e). 
predominance,  baö  Übergeroii^t  (-g). 
predominant,  t)crrfc^cnb. 
predominate,  öor^miegen  (0,  0). 
prefer,  öor=3ief)en  (jog,  gejogen). 
preference,  bie  33orüebe;  by  — ,  mit 

SI5orUebe. 
prelate,  ber  'ißrälat'  (-en,  -en), 
preliminary,  öorgängig. 
premature,  öorjcitig. 
preparation,    bie   ^Vorbereitung    (-, 

-en)  (for,  auf  or  gu). 
preparatory  institution,  bie  33orbe- 

reitungganftalt  (-,  -en), 
prepare,  bereiten,  oor^bereiten  (for, 

auf  w.  ace,  or  ju). 
presence,  bie  Öegenmart. 
present,  bie  Öegenmart;  for  the  — , 

fürs  erftc,  üorläufig;  up  to  the  — , 

bislang, 
present,   adj.,   gcgcnmärtig,   heutig, 

ieijig. 
present,  v.,  bor^fteUen  (to,  dai.  of 

pers.),   bar=[tcUen,   bieten    (0,  0), 

fd^enfcn  (gift). 
presently,  giciit)  barauf,  jel^t. 


preserv'e,    erhalten    (ie,   a),   auf=be= 

n)af)ren. 
press,  briicfen. 
presume,  oermutcn. 
pretty,  t)übi(^. 
prevail,  f)crrfc^en,  üor=f)errfc^en,  fiegen; 

—  upon,  Überreben, 
prevent,  öerl)inbern. 
previous,  öor^erge()enb,  öorig;  —  to, 

fc^on  Dor  {dat.)\ — ly,  tiorber. 
prey,  bie  Seute  (-,  -n),  ber  9?aub 

(-eg), 
price,  ber  "ißreig  (-eg,  -e). 
prick  up,  fpi^en. 
priest,  ber  '^]3riefter  (-g,  -). 
primary  school,  bie  ßlementarfd^ulc 

(-,  -ti). 
primitive,  urfprünglic^. 
prince,   ber   ^xmi   (-en,  -en),   ber 

gürft  (-en,  -en);  —  patron,  ber 

fürftlid^e  (Sc^irm{)err  (-n,  -en), 
princess,  bie  'ißrinjeffin  (-,  -neu),  bie 

^ürftin  (-,  -nen). 
principal,    adj.,    f)auptfäc^Iid^,    Dor- 

nef)Tnft;  —  attack,  ber  .spauptan^ 

griff    (-g,   -e);   —   district,    ber 

^auptbejirf  (-g,  -e);  —  represen- 
tative, ber  .^auptoertreter  (-g,  -). 
principality,    bag    Jürftentum    (-g, 

-er), 
principally,  bor  a((cm,  ^auptfäd}U(^. 
principle,  bag  'i}3rin3ip'  (-g,  -ien). 
prisoner,   ber  (^Vfangcnc   (-n,  -n); 

take  — ,  gefangen  nehmen  (a,  ge* 

nommen). 
private;  —  docent,  ber  ^ißribatbo- 

jent'  (-en,  -en), 
privilege,  bag  "i^orrecbt  (-g,  -e). 
probably,  uial)rfrf)oiuUcf). 
proceed,  bor  gcl)en  (ging,  gegangen), 

fort  gef)cn,  nun  tor  ge()en. 
procession,  ber  [ycft'^ug  (-g,  -^e). 
proclaim,  berfiinbigen. 
produce,    berfaffen,    l)crbor  bringen 

(brad)te,  gebrad)t),  bor  legen,  bei' 

bringen. 


GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 


173 


production,    ba«    (Jrjcuflnid    (-[c«, 

-[e),  bad  iBcrf  (-co,  -c). 
productive,  l)croorbriu(^cnb,  fc^affenb. 
profession,  bcr  i^cnif  (-d,  -c),  bic 

•iprofcffion'  (-,  -cii),  bai  vS?)anbmcrf 

i-i,  -e),  bcr  §aubmcrf<^bcruf  (-Ö, 

-c). 
professional;  —  life,  bic  3lmtötäti(i= 

feit  (-,  -en),  bie  amtUcf)c  !S>irffam= 

feit  (-,  -en);  —  study,  i>a^  d^^' 

ftubium  (-d,  -bicn). 
professor,  bcr  'i'rofcffor  (-Ö,  -en), 
profit,  bcr  'i)?u^cn  (-«,  -). 
profound,  tief. 

progress,  bcr  portfcfiritt  (-«,  -e). 
progress,  v.,  \id}  cntmicfcln. 
progressive,  fortfc^reitcnb. 
prominent,  ^cröorragenb. 
promise,  bad  iBcr|prccf)cn  (-d,  -). 
promise,  v.,  Derfprccf}cn  (a,  0),  ge= 

loben,  öcr^cißen  (ic,  et), 
proof,  ba^  3^ugnid  (-fed,  -fe),  bcr 

^eroeig  (-ed,  -e). 
propensity,  bcr  §ang  (-ed),  bie  5^ei= 

gung  (-',  -en), 
proper,  gcbii^rcnb,  gef)örig,  er[orbcr= 

lief), 
property,  ba«  SBefi^tum  (-d,  ^er), 

ber  33e[i^  (-eg,  -e),  ha^  (Sigentum 

(-«,  -er), 
proportion,  baS    33erf)ältniö    (-[cö, 

-fe). 
proposal,  ber  53orfc^lag  (-Ö,  ^e),  ber 

Eintrag  (-§,  -e). 
propose,  öor^fc^lagen  (u,  a), 
prosecute,  ticrfolgcn,  betreiben  (ie,ie). 
prospect,  bie  Umfdjau. 
prosper,  gebei^en  (ic,  ie). 
prosperity,  bie  53lüte,  bcr  2Bol)lftanb 

(-eö). 
protect,    fc^üfeen,    bcfc^ütien    (from, 

gegen,  or  üor  w.  dat.). 
protection,    ber    2cf)ufe    (-cd),    bic 

•ißroteftion'  (-,  -en), 
protector,  ber  33efcf)üt3er  (-d,  -). 
Protestant,  proteftantifc^. 


proud,  ftolj. 

prove,  bcmcifen  (ic,  ie),  (intr.)  [id) 

:,cigcn,  fic^  beroeifen  (ic,  ic),  qu«- 

fd)(agcn  ('^u  .  .  .)  (u,  a). 
provide,  öerfc^nffcn,  gcmäf)rcn.  Der* 

fe^cn  (Q,  c),  ocrforgcn,  cin=ricf)tcn; 

—  one's  self,  fid)  ocrforgcn  (mit), 
fic^  Dcrfctjen  (mit);  provided  that, 
Doraudgcfctjt  baR. 

provision,  bic  !öorforgc;  make  — , 

33orforge  treffen  (traf,  0),  2lnftalten 

treffen. 
Prussia,   ']?reu§en   (-Ö);    East   — , 

Oftpreußen  (-ö). 
Prussian,  adj.,  preufeifc^;  East  — . 

oftprcußifrf). 
public,    öffentlich;   —   ser\-ice,    ber 

Staatdbicnft  (-ed). 
publish,  Dcröffentlic^en. 
pull,  sief)en  (30g,  gejogen);  —  up,  in 

bie  §öl)e  jie^en. 
pump,  bie  "^umpe  (-,  -n). 
punish,  bcftrafen. 

punishment,  bie  iöcftrafung  (-,  -en), 
pure,  rein,  gefunb,  gut. 
purely,  rein,  üödig,  gän^lic^. 
purpose,    ber   3"^ecf    (-d,   -e),    bic 

33eftimmung  (-,  -en), 
purse,  bie  iöörfe  (-,  -n),  ber  Seutel 

(-Ö,  -). 
pursue,  oerfolgen. 
pursuer,  ber  üBerfolger  (-d,  -). 
pursuit,  bie  55erfolgung  (-,  -en),  bet 

S3eruf  (-d,  -e)  (profession), 
push  aside,  jur  Seite  fc^ieben  (0,  0). 
put,  ftellcn,  fc^en,  legen;  —  down, 

nicber^fcfcen;  —  to  shore,  lanben; 

—  up,  aufhängen. 


quality,  bie  (Eigenfd)aft  (-,  -en), 
quantity,    bie   9J?affe    (-,    -n),   bic 

9}knge  (-,  -n). 
quarter,   bad   33iertel    (-d,   -),   bic 


174 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


I 


©cgenb  (-, -en)  (=  region);  —  of 
an  hour,  bie  33icrtcl[tunbe  (-,  -n). 

queen,  bie  .fiöniflin  (-,  -nen). 

queenly,  fönif(Uc^. 

question,  bie  ^rage  (-,  -n). 

question,  v.,  fragen. 

quick,  fd)neU,  rafd^. 

quiet,  [ti((,  ru{)ig,  laufd^ig. 

quite,  ganj,  giemlid),  fe^r,  red)t. 


race,    bcr   ©tamm    (-eg,   -^e),    ber 

S3o(fö[tamm  (-ö,  -e). 
rack,  martern,  qnätcn. 
rafters,  coll.,  ha^  ©ebälf  (-g,  -e). 
rag,  ber  ?umpen  (-g,  -). 
rage,  bie  2But  (-). 
rage,  v.,  muten. 

railroad,  bie  (Sifenba^n  (-,  -en), 
railway,  bie  Gifenba^n  (-,  -en);  — 

system,    bag    ©ifenba^nne^   (-eö, 

-e). 
rain,  ber  Stegen  (-ö,  -). 
rainfall,  ber  ^iicberfd^Iag  (-Ö,  -^e). 
raise,  f)eben  (o,  o),  auf=f)eben,  erric^= 

ten;  —  the  anchor,   ben   5Infer 

lichten. 
rake  asunder,  auöcinanber^fc^arren. 
range,  baä  öebict  (-ö,  -e);  —  of 

learning,  ha^  I'cl^rgcbiet  (-Ö,  -e), 

ber  ?e^rfreiö  (-eö,  -e). 
rank,  ber  $Kang  (-eg,  -^e);  first  — , 

bie  ^öd)[te  ©teffe  (-,  -n). 
rap,  ber  (Sd)Iag  (-eö,  ^e). 
rapid,  [d)neU. 

rapidity,  bie  ©d^neltigfeit  (-,  -en), 
rare,  feiten, 
rate,  ba^  90?a|3  (-eg,  -e);  death  — , 

bie  ©terblidjfeit. 
rather,  jiemlid),  camp.,  ef)er,  lieber, 
ravine,  bie  Sd)(ud)t  (-,  -en). 
ray,  ber  ©trai^I  (-eg,  -en), 
reach,  tr.  or  intr.,  reid)en;  tr.,  er* 

rcid^en,    fangen    Cfor,    nac^);    — 


home,  nadi  .^aufe  fommen  (fam, 

o);  it  reaches  my  ears,  eg  fommt 

mir  ju  O^ren. 
read,  lefen  (a,  e). 
reading-machine,    bie    ?efemaf(^inc 

(-,  -n). 
reading-room,  bag  ?cfejimmer  (-g, 

-). 
ready,    bereit,   fertig;   a(/i'.,  ,fd)ne((; 

make  — ,  fid)  fertig  machen. 
real,  njirflid);  adv.,  rcc^t,  orbentlic^. 
realm,  bag  9teic^  (-g,  -c). 
reappear,  toieber^erfc^einen  (ie,  ie). 
reason,   ber   (^runb    (-eg,   -^e),   bie 

Urfac^e  (-,  -n). 
rebuild,    miebcr    auf^bauen;    — ing, 

ber  SSicbcraufbau  (-g). 
receive,  empfangen  (i,  a),  erhalten 

(ie,  a),  crmerben  (a,  o),  auf=ne[)men 

(a  person)  (a,  genommen),  bemilU 

fommen  (= welcome), 
recent,    fiir^Ud);    in    —    years,    in 

neuerer  ^äi. 
receptacle,  bcr  .^aften  (-g,  -). 
reception,  bie  2[ufna()me  (-,  -n). 
recognition,    bie    Slnerfennung    (-, 

-en), 
recognize,    erfcnncn    (erfannte,    cr= 

fannt),  an=crfcnncn,   iinebcr=erfen= 

nen. 
recommendation,    bie    (Smpfc^lung 

(-,  -en). 
reconciliation,   bie  33erföf)nung   (-, 

-en), 
rector,  bcr  $Keftor  (-g,  -en), 
red,  rot. 
redevelopment,  bie  ^teucntmicflung 

(-,  -en), 
redoubled,  öcrboppdt. 
reedCs),  bag  «Schilf  (-g),  bag  9?öf)= 

rid)t  (-g);  —  sparrow,  bcr  i)io^r= 

fpcrting  (-g,  -e). 
reelection,  bie  SSicbermal^l  (-,  -en), 
reformation,    bie    ^Reformation'  (-, 

-en), 
reformer,  bcr  Otcformator  (-g,  -en). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


175 


refresh,  crfrifc^en,  erquicfen;  — ing, 

erquicfcnb. 
refuge,  bie  3uflucl)t  (-,  -en), 
refuse,    /r.,    ab=lct)ncn,    Dcrmcigcm; 

intr.,  flcf)  mcigcrn. 
regain,  miebcr^geroinncn  (a,  0). 
regal,  fönigUc^. 
regard,  bie  9tücf)'ic^t  (-,  -en)   (to, 

auf  w.  ace). 
regard,  v.,  bctracf)tcn,  an^e^cn  (a,  e); 

as  — s,  umö  betrifft  (betreffen,  be= 

traf,   betroffen);  be  — ed,   gelten 

(alö)    (galt,   gegolten);   be   — ed 

with   respect,   in  2Infef)en   ftel)en 

(ftanb,  geftanben). 
regarding,  in  iöe^ug  auf  (w.  acc). 
register,  ba^  'Jicgi'fter  (-Ö,  -). 
regular,  orbentUi^  (regular  profes- 
sor), 
regulation,  bie  SInorbnung  (-,  -en), 

bie  55erorbnung  (-,  -en). 
reign,  intr.,  {)crrfd)en;  tr.,  bc^errfc^en. 
reinforcement,  bie  33erftärfung   (-, 

-en),  ber  3u5ug  (-«,  -e). 
reject,  ab-mcifen  (ie,  ie),  öerfc^mäf)cn, 

jurücf Stoßen  (ie,  0). 
rejoice,  fic^  freuen;  tr.,  erfreuen, 
relation,  had  ißer^ältni^S  (-feö,  -fc). 
relative,  adj.,  oer^ältniömöBig. 
release,  loö=geben  (a,  e). 
reliable,  juDerläffig. 
relief,  bie  2lbmecf)ölung  (-,  -en). 
religion,  bie  9^eligion'  (-,  -en). 
religious,  religiös',  tirc^licf),  geiftlic^; 

—  instruction,  ber  9Jeligionöun* 

terric^t  (-«). 
remain,  bleiben  (ie,  ie). 
remainder,  ber  9?eft  (-e^,  -e). 
remaining,  übrig, 
remains,    ber    9Jeft    (-eö,   -e),    bie 

Überrefte  ipliir.). 
remarkable,    merfmürbig,    außeror^ 

bcntlicf). 
remember,  fic^  erinnern  (of,  an  w. 

acc);  tr.,  inö  (^ebäc^tniö  rufen  (ie, 

u). 


reminiscence,    bie    (Erinnerung    (-, 

-cn). 
remnant,  ber  ^Keft  (-eö,  -e). 
remote,  entfernt;  more  — ,  ber  (bie, 

bo's)  {)interc. 
remount,  roieber  beftcigcn  (ie,  ic). 
remove,   bcfeitigen,  auS-nef)men   (a, 

genommen)  (=take  out),  au«  bcm 

ilöege  räumen  (=do  away  with), 
renew,  erneuern;  be  — ed,  fief)  er- 
neuern, 
renowned,  berül)mt. 
rent,  bie  ÜJ^iete  (-,  -n),  ber  g}?ietjin« 

(-eö,  -en);  —  of  a  house,   bie 

§auömiete  (-,  -n). 
rent,  v.,  oermieten. 
repair  to,  auf^uc^cn. 
repairs,    bie    Sluöbefferunggarbciten 

iplur.). 
repeat,  mieber^olen. 
repel,    ab^meifen    (ie,    ie),    gurücf^ 

ftoßen  (ie,  0). 
repetition,  bie  2öicber{)olung  (-,-en). 
replace,  erfc^en. 
reply,  antworten,  ertt)ibem,  entgeg^ 

nen  {all  w.  dat.  of  pers.). 
report,    ber    S3eric^t    {-%,   -e),    bie 

(grjä^lung  (-,  -en),  ber  tnalt  (-e«, 

•^e  or  -e)  (= explosion), 
report,  v.,  berief) ten. 
represent,   bar=ftelten,  üertreten   (a, 

e),  auf=füf)ren. 
representative,     ber     9?eprä)entanf 

(-en,  -en),  ber  53er treter  (-«,  -). 
reproach,  35orn)ürfe  machen  {dat.  oj 

pers.). 
reprove,  [trafen, 
republican,  republifanifc^. 
repulse,  jurücf^ftoßen  (ie,  0). 
reputation,  ber  iRuf  (-e^). 
require,  erforbern,  bcbürfen  (beburfte, 

beburft);  — d,  nötig,  notmcnbig. 
requirement,    bie    21nforberung    (-, 

-cn). 
rescue,   bie  9tettung    (-,  -en),   bie 

(Srrettung  (-,  -en). 


176 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


research,  bic  Jvoi^frfjUTig  (-,  -en), 
resemble,  gleid)cn  (i,  i)  {dat.). 
residence,   bie  3JBof)nung   (-,  -en); 

(city  with  the  court  of  a  ruler) 

bic  iRefibens'  (-,  -en),  bie  9fe[ibenj= 

[tabt  (-,  -e). 
residue,  bcr  ÜJüdftanb  (-eg,  ^e). 
resign,   ausgeben   (u,   e);  —  one's 

commission,  ben  2Ibfrf)ieb  ne()men 

(a,  genommen), 
resin,  bai  $>ttrj  (-e6,  -e). 
resist,  n)iber[te{)en  (miberftanb,  h)iber= 

ftanben)  (dat.). 
resistance,  ber  2öiberftanb  (-eg,  *e). 
resolute,  entfi^tcbcn. 
resolve,  ber  (2nt[d)[uB  (-eg,  ^e). 
resolve,  v.,  bcfc^ucBen  (0,  0). 
resort,  ber  3^iftucf)töort  (-ö,  -e). 
resound,  ertönen,  erfdjalfen,  erflin= 

gen  (a,  u);  make  — ,  jum  Jonen 

bringen  (brad^tc,  gebrad)t). 
respect,  ber  ^Sejng  (-g,  ^e);  in  —  to, 

in  53e5ug  auf  (ace),  in  9Jü(f[id)t 

auf  (ace). 
respond,  folgen  (dat.). 
rest,  ruf)en,  raften,  fid)  aug^m'^en;  — 

on,  ruf)en,  berufen  (on,   auf  w. 

dat.). 
restaurant,  bie  9^eftauration'  (-,-en). 
resting  place,  bie  ?agerftätte  (-,  -n). 
restless,  unruf)ig,  raftloö. 
restore,  iuicber^gcbcn  (a,  e). 
restrain,  gurücf4}altcn   (ie,  a),  ein= 

fd)rcinfen. 
restraint,  bie  ©d^ranfe  (-,  -n);  with- 
out — ,  fc^ranfenlog. 
restriction,  bie  58cfd)ränfung  (-,-en). 
result,  ha^  (^rgebnid  (-feg,  -fe),  bie 

golge  (-,  -n). 
resume,  n3icber  an=^cben  (0,  0),  foct= 

fetjen. 
retire,  intr.,  fid)  jurücf^jiel)en  (jog, 

gejogcn). 
retirement,  bie  „^uriirfgcjogen^eit. 
retort,  entgegnen  (dal.  of  pcrs.). 
return,  bic  ijiiiiffcljr,  bcr  (Entgelt  (-Ö, 


-e);  in  — ,  a(g  (Sntgelt,  bafür, 
mieber. 

return,  v.,  jurü(f=fet)ren,  äurü(f=fom= 
men  (fam,  0). 

reveal,  offenbaren. 

revenge,  bie  9^ac^e  (-). 

revere,  £)ulbigen  (dat.). 

reverence,  bie  (f[)rfurcf)t. 

reward,  ber  'io\)n  (-eg,  -^e). 

Rhine,  ber  9J^ein  (-g). 

ribbon,  bag  53anb  (-eg,  -^cr). 

rich,  rcicf),  reichhaltig. 

Richard,  9?id)arb  (-g). 

riches,  ber  Dieic^tum  (-g,  -^er)  (of, 
an  w.  dat.). 

rid;  be  —  of,  einen  log  fein;  get  — 
of,  einen  log  njcrbcn  (a,  0). 

ride,  reiten  (ritt,  geritten)  (horse- 
back), fahren  (u,  a)  (in  a  car- 
riage, etc.);  —  on,  lüeiter^reitcn. 

rider,  ber  Siciter  (-g,  -). 

ridge,  ber  ^ac^firft  (-eg,  -e)  (on 
the  roof),  ber  §ö^cnjug  (-g,  -^e), 
ber  §öf)enrücfen  (-g,  -)  (geogr.)\ 
grassy  — ,  ber  (^elbrain  (-g,  -e). 

right,  bag  9?ed)t  (-g,  -e). 

right,  adj.  and  adv.,  rec^t;  all  — , 
n)of)Ian. 

ring,  bcr  9?ing  (-eg,  -c). 

ringing,  'Qa^  häuten  (-g). 

ripe,  reif. 

rise,  bie  Steigerung  (-,  -en). 

rise,  v.,  ftcigcn  (ie,  ie),  emporsteigen, 
fid)  cr{)cbcn  (0,  0),  fd)roellen  (0,  0), 
an=n)ad)fcu  (u,  a)  (=grow),  auf^ 
gc()cn  (ging,  gegangen)  (sun), 
auf=ftcl)cn  ([tanb,  gcftanben)  (=get 
up),  aufcrftcl)cn  (auferftanben) 
(from  the  dead),  I)enHn-  gcl)cn. 

rival,  bcr  i^ciuerber  (-g,  -)  (for, 
um). 

river,  ber  ^lufi  (-eg,  -^c);  —  island, 
bic  ^Uifünfcl  (-,  -n). 

river-side,  bie  Jluf^fcitc  (-,  -n). 

road,  ber  isH^cg  (-eg,  -c),  bic  \?anb* 
ftrafec  (-,  -n). 


GERMAN    PROSE    COMPOSITION 


177 


roam,  fd)»ticitcn,  [ic^  crflc()cn  (erging, 

ergangen);  —  over,  tr.,  burd)ftrci^ 

t'en. 
roar,  raufti)cn,  bnnifen. 
roaring,  bad  3iau|d)en  (-Ö). 
roast,  braten  (ie,  a),  röften. 
robber,  ber  Ouinber  (-d,  -). 
robe,  bad  Hleib  (-ed,  -er), 
rock,  ber  J-eld  or  gelfcn  (-end,  -en), 
rock,  v.,  fd)aufcln. 
rocky,  felfig. 
rod,  bie  iKute  (-,  -n). 
roguish,  fd)a(f{)att,  fc^elmifc^. 
roll,  bad  iörötc^en  (-d,  -). 
roll,  v.,  roUen. 
Roman,  adj.,  römifc^. 
romance,  bie  Ütomanje  (-,  -n). 
romantic,  romantifc^;  —  school,  bie 

$Komanti[d)e  3d)ule. 
romanticism,  bie  Siomantif. 
romanticist,  ber  9Jomantifer  (-6,  -). 
Rome,  9?om  (-0). 
roof,  'aa-i  Xad)  (-d,  ^er). 
room,  ber  ^aum  (-g,  -e),  boo  ^xm^ 

mer  {-%,  -),  bie  ©tube  (-,  -ti). 
root,  bie  SSurjel  (-, -n);  — s,  (coll.) 

bad  öemürgel  (-d,  -),  ber  SBurseU 

[tod  {-%,  -e). 
rope,  ber  otrid  f-d,  -e),  hai  2eil 

(-d,  -e),  ha^  Xau   (-d,  -e)   (= 

cable). 
Rosalind,  9?o[aUnbc  (--d  or  -nd). 
rose,  bie  9?ofe  (-,  -n). 
row,  rubern;  —  down,  i)inunter=ru= 

bem. 
royal,  föniglic^. 
rub,   reiben    (ie,   ie);  —   together, 

5u|ammen=reiben. 
rubble,  'üai  ÖeröU  (-d,  -e). 
rude,  ro^. 
ruin,  ho.^  33erberben  (-d);  — s,  bie 

Xriimmer  (plur.  only). 
rule,  bie  SJegicrung  (-,  -en), 
rule,  v.,  ^errfd)en,  regieren,  gebieten 

(0,  0);  ruling  house,   bad  regie* 

renbe  §aud  (-ed,  ^er). 


ruler,  ber  ."pcrrfdier  (-d,  -). 

run,  ber  I'anf  (-d,  -^e). 

run,  v.,  iiilr.,  laufen  (ie,  au),  rennen 
(rannte,  gerannt);  /r.,  betreiben 
(ie,  ie)  (a  club);  —  away,  fort» 
laufen,  njeg=laufen;  —  about  wild- 
ly, milb  burc^einanber  laufen;  — 
off,  fortlaufen;  —  onto,  treffen 
(traf,  0)  auf  (ace);  —  out,  ^in= 
aud'laufen;  his  taste  ran  to,  cr 
f)ielt  ed  mit. 

rush  after,  nac^^c^^n  (dat.). 

rustle,  raufdjen. 

rye,  ber  iKoggen  (-d). 


sacrifice,  bad  Opfer  (-d,  -). 

sacrifice,  v.,  opfern. 

sad,  traurig. 

sadness,  bie  Xraurigfeit,  bie  33etrüb^ 

nid  (-,  -fe),  ber  (^rani  (-d),  bad 

?eib  (-ed,  -en), 
safe,  fitter,  n3of)lgeborgen  (from,  »or 

w.  dat.). 
safety,  bie  2ic^er^eit  (-,  -en), 
sail,  ha^  2egcl  (-d,  -). 
sail,  v.,  fegeln;  —  along,  ]^er=f(iegen 

(0,  0)  (of  birds), 
sailor,   ber    Seemann   (-d,  -leute). 
saint,  ber  .^eilige  (-n,  -n). 
sake;  for  the  —  of,  um  ,  .  .  miden 

(with  gen.). 
salmon,  ber  ?ac^d  (-ed,  -e). 
salvation,  bie  Seligfeit  (-,  -en), 
same,  felb;  the  — ,  ber  (bie,  bad) 

felbe. 
sanctuar)^,  ba^  Heiligtum  (-d,  -^er). 
sand,   ber   2anb   (-ed);  — pit,   bie 

Sanbgrube  (-,  -n). 
sandy,  fanbig. 
sanitation,  bie  gefunb^eitlic^en  (Ein- 

rid)tungen  (plur.). 
sap,  ber  2aft  (-ed,  ^e). 
satin,  ber  Sltlad  (-fed,  -fe). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


satire,  bie  3ati're  (-,  -n). 
satirical,    fati'rifc^;    —    song,    hai 

Spottlieb  (-eö,  -er), 
satisfaction,    bie    ^efriebigung    (-, 

-en),  bie  33cruf)igung  (-,  -en), 
satisfied,  jufricbcn. 
satisfy,  befricbigen. 
sausage,  bie  3Bur[t  (-,  -^e). 
savage,  irilb. 
save,  retten,  erretten,  erfparen  (pains, 

money), 
savings-institution,     bie    <Sparfa[[e 

(-,-n).   ^ 
Saxon,  ber  oac()[e  (-n,  -n);  the  dis- 
tricts  of  the  — s,  bie  fäci^fi|c^en 

©aue. 
Saxony,  Sad}|cn  (-3). 
say,  fagen. 

scanty,  bürftig,  [pärlic^. 
scarcely,  faum. 
scatter,  ger[treuen,  jerfprengen;  intr., 

fid^  ^erftreuen,  auöeinanber*[tieben 

(0,  0). 

Scheide,  bie  Scheibe  (-). 

school,  bie  3d)ule  (-,  -n);  —  of 

forestry,  bie  ^^^orftfd^ule  (-,  -n); 

—  building,  bag  (Sc^uU)aug  (-eä, 

■^er);  —   festival,    ha^   ®cf)ul[eft 

(-eä,  -e). 
schoolroom,  bie  ®rf)ul[tube  (-,  -n). 
school-teacher,  ber  3c^u((ei)rer  (-g, 

-),  ber  »Sc^ulmeifter  (-^,  -). 
science,  bie   Söiffenfdjaft    (-,  -en), 

(= natural    science)    bie   92atur- 

h)iffenfc^aft  (-,  -en), 
scientific,  miffcnfc^aftUi-^. 
scientist,  ber  *i)caturior[d)er  (-g,  -). 
scissors,  bie  Severe  (-,  -n). 
scoff  at,  öerfpotten. 
scold,  [ekelten  (a,  o). 
scorn,  ber  Spott  (-co),  ber  v^o^n  (-Ö). 
scourge,  geißeln,  jüd^tigcn. 
scratch,  fragen, 
screaming,  bnö  Wcfd)rci  (-^);  much 

— ,  gro[5Cd  Wcfd)rci. 
screech,  frci[d)cn. 


sculptor,  ber  33ilbl)auer  (-g,  -). 
sculpture,  bie  33ilbt)auerei  (-,  -en), 

ta^  iöilbrocrf  (-^,  -e)  (=piece  of 

sculpture), 
sea,  bie  See  (-,  -n),  ba^  9)?ecr  (-e«, 

-e). 
seasick,  feefranf. 
search,  fuc^en,  mui'tem  (= examine); 

— ing,  priifenb,  burc^bringenb. 
season,  bie  3al)i^c^äeit  (-/  -en),  bie 

3eit  (-,  -en), 
seat,  ber  2i^  (-e^,  -e). 
seat,  v.,  fe^en. 
second,  ber  Sefunbant'  (-en,  -en) 

(in  a  duel), 
second,  adj.,  jmeit — . 
secondary,    fefunbar',    mittler;    — 

school,  bie  9JUttetfd)ule  (-,  -n). 
secret,  ha^  (^e^eimniö  (-feö,  -fe). 
secret,  adj.,  fjeimlic^;  in  — ,  ingge= 

l^cim,  im  [tillen. 
secretary,  ber  Scfretär'  (-Ö,  -e). 
section,  bie  Unterabteilung  (-,  -en), 

ber  Jeil  (-g,  -e). 
secular,  ireltlic^. 
secure,  adj.,  [ic^er  (against,  öor  w. 

dat.). 
secure,  v.,  fid^em,  oerblirgen,  (= ob- 
tain) ermerben  (a,  o). 
securing,  bie  (ETiücrbung  (-,  -en), 
sedgy,  binfig;  —  bank,  bad  iöinfcn* 

ufer  (-Ö,  -);  —  lake,  ber  iöinfen^ 

tdd)  (-Ö,  -e). 
see,  [el)cn  (a,  e). 
seed,  ber  oame(n)  (-no,  -n). 
seek,  fuc^cn,   (=try)   oerfudicn,  [ic^ 

bemühen;  —  after,   bcgel)ren;  — 

out,  auf=[u(^cn. 
Seeland,  3eelanb  (-Ö). 
seem,  fd)cinen  (ic,  ie). 
seize,  erfaffen,  ergreifen  (ergriff,  er* 

griffen), 
seldom,  feiten,  audnal^mömcifc. 
select,  Uiäl)lcn,  and  mät)lcn. 
self,  felbft. 
sell,  ü  er  fa  II  fen. 


GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 


179 


senate,  ber  Senat'  (-ö,  -c). 
send,      [cnbcn      (fanbtc,     gcfanbt), 
f(t)icfcn;   —  back,    jurücf4(^icfcn; 

—  down,  f)inab=fc^icfcn;  —  out, 
auö4cl)icfcn. 

sentence,  ber  Sa^j  (-ti,  -^e). 

separate,  einzeln,  getrennt,  befonbcr. 

September,  ber  September  (-Ö,  -). 

serene,  f)eiter,  frö()(ic^. 

sermon,  bie  ^^.^rebigt  (-,  -en). 

sen-ant,  ber  J)iener  (-Ö,  -),  ber 
Änec^t  (-Ö,  -c);  maid  — ,  bie 
Xicn[tmagb  (-,  -^e). 

serve,  bienen  (dat.)  (for,  .^u). 

service,  ber  Xienft  (-eä,  -e);  do  a  — , 
einen  (s)ctallcn  tun  (tat,  getan) 
(dat.);  civil  — ,  ber  ^iotlbienft 
(-e«),  ber  Staat^bicnft  (-eö); 
military  — ,  ber  'iOJilitarbienft  (-eö, 
-e),  ber  Äriegöbienft  (-co,  -e). 

set,  [e^en,  intr.  unter=ge^en  (ging, 
gegangen)  (sun);  ein=[tellen  (the 
clock);  —  forth,  fic^  auf-mad^en; 

—  free,  frei4e§cn;  —  in,  an= 
bred^en  (a,  0);  —  out  (= start), 
fief)  auf  ben  SBeg  machen,  auf= 
brecf)en  (a,  0),  (=sail)  ab^fegeln; 

—  to  music,  in  il3?ufif  fe^en;  — 
up,  auf^ftetten,  lehnen. 

settle,  bei=Iegen. 

seven,  fieben; league  boots,  bie 

Siebenmcilenfticfel  iplur.);  Seven 

Mountains,     ba^     Siebengebirge 

(-Ö). 
seventeenth,  fieb^jC^nt — . 
seventh,  fiebent — . 
seventy,  fieb'jig. 
several,  einige,  mehrere, 
severe,  ftren;^,  ()eftig. 
shade,  ber  Schatten  (-g,  -). 
shadow,  ber  Schatten  (-ö,  -). 
shake,   fc^ütteln,  erfcftüttem   (make 

tremble);  —  free,  fic^  loö=mac^en 

(oon). 
shallow,  flac^,  bünn,  leicht  (soil), 
shape,  geftalten. 


share,  teil=ne()men  (a,  genommen) 
(in,  an  w.  dat.),  teilnet)mcu  laifeu 
(ie,  a)  (an),  fic^  teilen  (in  w.  ace). 

sharp,  fc^arf; edged,  fdjarffantig. 

shatter,  jeriplittern. 

shed,  ber  Stftuppcn  (-g,  -). 

shed,  z'.,  iDcrfcn  (a,  0);  —  tears, 
Xränen  meinen. 

shell,  bie  .spüUe  (-,  -n). 

shelter,  baö  Cbbac^  (-0);  bring  un- 
der — ,  bergen  (a,  0). 

shepherd,  ber  Schäfer  (-ä,  -);  — 
boy,  ber  Apirtenjunge  (-n,  -n). 

shine,  fc^einen  (ie,  ie),  glönjcn;  — 
forth,  f)cröor4euc^ten. 

ship,  "iiOi^  Sd)iff  (-Ö,  -e). 

shipbuilding,  bie  2cf)iff3baufunft. 

shiver,  beben. 

shock,  ber  Stofe  (-e^,  -^e). 

shoe,  ber  Sc^u^  (-eä,  -e). 

shoot,  ber  Äeim  (-ä,  -e). 

shoot,  v.,  fc^ießcn  (0,  0). 

shooting,  ba^  Schießen  (-Ö). 

shop,  bie  ^crfftatte  (-,  -n). 

shore,  baö  Ufer  (-Ö,  -),  baö  (^e= 
ftabe  {-%,  -),  bie  .Klüfte  (-,  -n). 

short,  furg. 

shoulder,  bie  Scf)ultcr  (-,  -n). 

shout(s),  t^a^  ©efc^rei  (-Ö)  {sing, 
only). 

shout,  v.,  jauc^^en,  fc^reien  (ie,  ie). 

show,  jeigen,  ausbeuten. 

shower,  bag  9^egenfc^auer  (-Ö,  -). 

shrine,  ber  Scfirein  (-6,  -e),  ber 
5Iltar'  (-Ö,  -e  or  -e). 

shun,  Dermeiben  (ie,  ie). 

shutter,  ber  2aben  (-3,  -  or  ^). 

sick,  franf. 

sickness,  bie  Äranf^eit  (-,  -en). 

side,  bie  Seite  (-,  -n);  on  all  — s, 
allenthalben. 

side  v.-ith,  v.,  eö  fatten  (mit)  (ie,  a). 

sidewalk,  ber  iBitrgerfteig  (-S,  -c). 

siege,  bie  33etagerung  (-,  -en). 

siesta,  bie  iDHttagöru^c  (-). 

sigh,  ber  Seufjer  (-Ö,  -). 


i8o 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


sight,  ber  Slicf  (-Ö,  -e),  bcr  Hnblicf 

(-«,  -c);  from  — ,  auö  ben  2lugen; 

in  — ,  in  3i(^t;  out  of  — ,  nid)t 

mc()r  [id)tbar;  lose  —  of,  auö  ben 

5Iugen  ücrlicrcn  (o,  o). 
sight,  v.,  fc^cn  (a,  c). 
sign,  baö  3fi^)<^i^  (~^/  ~)i  —  of  Hfe, 

baö  ?cbcn^5cicf)cn  (-Ö,  -). 
signal,  baö  ^cid)cn  (-Ö,  -);  —  of 

distress,  ha^  9^ot[ignar  (-Ö,  -c). 
silence,  baö  Srf^meigcn  (-«);  in  — , 

fc^mcigenb. 
silent,  fd)mcigfam;  be  — ,  keep  — , 

fdjnjeigen  (ic,  ie). 
Silesia,  '2d)lefien  (-Ö). 
silver,  adj.,  silvery,  [ilbern. 
similar,  ä{)nUd),  gleic^  (to,  dat.). 
simple,  einfad). 
simplicity,  bie  (Sinfdt,  bie  ©^lid^t^ 

^eit. 
since,   prep.,   feit;   cofij.,    ba,   feit, 

fettbem;  adv.,  feitbem. 
sincere,  aufriditig,  innig,  ernft^aft. 
sinewy,  fef)nig. 
sing,  fingen  (a,  u);  — ing  woman, 

bie  (Sängerin  (-,  -nen). 
singing,  ha^  Singen  (-6),  ber  ®e- 

fang  (-ö,  -e). 
single,  einjeln,  elnslg. 
singular,  fonberbar. 
sink,  intr.,  finfcn  (a,  u), 
sip,  fc^liirfcn. 

sir,  mein  >^err!  lieber  ^err! 
sister,  bie  Sd)rDcfter  (-,  -n). 
sit,  filmen  (faf^,  gefeffen);  —  down, 

fic^  fetjen,  fid)  niebcr=fe^-en. 
situated,  gelegen;  be  — ,  liegen  (a, 

e),  \i(i)  befinben  (a,  u). 
six,  fed)ö. 
sixty,  fec^^ig. 
size,  bie  öröfje  (-,  -n);  in  — ,  on 

Umfang, 
skill,  bie  Äunft  (~,  -e),  bie  ©cfc^id^ 

lid)fcit  (-,  -en), 
skillful,  gefd^icft. 
skin,  haQ  ^di  (-e8,  -c). 


skin,  v.,  bag  gell  ab=jicf)en  (jog, 
gegogen)  or  abstreifen  {dat.  oj 
pers.). 

skip,  t)üpfen. 

skull,  ber  2c^äbel  (-«,  -). 

sky,  ber  §immel  (-g,  -). 

slanting,  fc^räg. 

slate  roof,  baö  Sc^ieferbad)  (-S,  -^cr). 

slay,  erfd)lagcn  (u,  a),  töten. 

sleep,  bcr  2d)laf  {-i). 

sleep,  v.,  fc^lafen  (ie,  a);  go  to  — , 
einschlafen  (ie,  a);  lay  one's  self 
down  to  — ,  fid^  fd)lafcn  legen. 

slide  around,  f)erum4d)littcrn. 

slightly,  leidet,  ein  n^enig. 

slip,  gleiten  (glitt,  geglitten). 

slippery,  glatt. 

slow,  langfam. 

sluggish,  träge. 

small,  flein,  gering,  fdiraad^. 

smile,  lächeln. 

smoke,  ber  9?aud^  (-Ö). 

snatch;  —  a  kiss,  einen  Äu^  (-c8, 
•^e)  rauben. 

snort,  grunjen. 

snow,  ber  3d)nce  (-^). 

snuffbox,  bie  2d;nupftabaföbofe  (-, 
-n). 

so,  fo,  alfo,  be^Smegcn,  barum;  — 
that,  fo  bajj  (result),  bamit  (pur- 
pose). 

so-called,  fogenannt. 

soar  upward,  empor=fteigen  (ie, 
ie). 

sob,  fd)lu(^jen. 

society,  bie  Öcfellfd}aft  (-,  -en),  ber 
33erdn  (-§,  -e). 

soft,  fnnft,  Idfe,  ioeid^. 

soil,  ber  Ü^oben  (-ö,  -  or  *),  bie 
(2d)olle  (-,  -n). 

soldier,  ber  Solbat'  (-en,  -en). 

sole,  adj.,  einzig. 

solemn,  fcicrlid). 

solicitude,  bie  Sorge  (-,  -n),  bie 
Sorgfalt  (-,  -en). 

solitarv,  cinfam. 


GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 


l8l 


solitude,  bic  Crinfamfcit  (-,  -en). 

somber,  bunfel. 

some,    sing.,    irgenb     ein,    etroad; 

piur.^  cinine;  —  one,  jemanb. 
something,  (irgenb)  etroad. 
sometimes,  .^uiDcilcn,  bivJincilcn. 
somewhat,  ctroa-^. 
somewhere,  irgcnbroo. 
son,  ber  2of)n  (-co,  ^e). 
song,  ber  (^)c)ang  (-Ö,  ^e),  ba^  ?ieb 

(-e^,  -cr). 
soon,  bQ(b;  as  —  as,  [obalb  (d^); 

— er,  cf)cr,  früher, 
soot,  ber  O^ufe  (-e^). 
sorrow,   ber  Summer   (-g,  -),   bie 

iöctrübniä  (-,  -fe),  baa  i'eib  (-cd, 

-en);  to  the  — ,  jum  I'cibroefen  (of, 

gen.). 
sorr)',  traurig;  I  am  — ,  e3  tut  mir 

leib  (tat,  getan), 
sort,  bie  2lrt  (-,  -en);  all  — s  of, 

allerlei, 
soul,  bie  2eele  (-,  -n). 
sound,  ber  Jon  (-cd,  -e),  ber  ?aut 

(-cd,  -e),  ber  Schall  (-e-3,  -e  or  ^e). 
sound,  ad]..,  gcfunb,  unjc^äblic^. 
sound,    z'.,    Hingen   (a,    u),   tönen, 

ertönen    laffen    (=make    sound) 

(ie,  a). 
sour,  lauer, 
south,   ber   (2übcn   (-d),   ber   Süb 

(-ed,  -e). 
south,  southern,   ad].,   [üblich  (of, 

Don);  South  German,  fübbcutfc^; 

—  side,  bie  Sübfeite. 
sovereign,  ber  öerrfc^er  (-ö,  -),  ber 

gürft  (-en,  -en). 
spacious,    geräumig,    mcit,    auöge* 

bc^nt. 
spare,  fdioncn,  öcrfcfioncn. 
spark,  ber  5unfe(n)  (-eng,  -en). 
sparkle,  funfein, 
sparse,  bünn. 

speak,  lpre(f)en  io^,  o)  (about,  über), 
spear,  ber  Speer  (-Ö,  -e),  ber  Spieß 

(-cd,  -e). 


special,  bcfonbcr. 
species,  bic  2lrt  (-,  -cn). 
specimen,  bad  ^^robcftücf  (-d,  -c). 
speech,  bic  9fcbe  (-,  -n). 
Speed,  bic  Sc^nelligfcit  (-,  -cn). 
spiritual,  geiftig. 
spit,  ber  iöratlpicß  (-c8,  -c). 
spite,  bic  lücfc  (-,  -n);  in  —  of, 

trob,  jum  Iro^c  {w.  dal.,  e.g.  in 

spite  of  her,  i^r  jum  Xroljc). 
splash,  ir.,  befpriljcn. 
splendid,  glänjenb,  präd)tig. 
splendor,  ber  (^lanj  (-cö),  bie  '^^rac^t, 

bic  öerrlicf)feit  (-,  -cn). 
split  up,  fpalten,  teilen, 
spoil,  Derberben  (a,  o). 
sport,  bad  Spiel  (-d,  -c). 
sport,  v.,  fpielen. 
spot,  ber  'iplalj  (-cd,  ^e),  bie  Stelle 

(-,  -n),  ber  glecf  (-d,  -e),  ber  Crt 

(-cd,  -c  or  -er);  on  the  — ,  jur 

Stelle, 
spray,  ber  Scf)aum  (-d,  -^^e). 
spread,  bie  3(udbct)nung  (-,  -en). 
spread,    v.,    tr.,    aud-brcitcn,    Der= 

breiten;  intr.,  fic^  aud^breiten. 
Spree,  bie  Spree  (-). 
spring,  ber  5rül)ling  (-d,  -e) ;  — god, 

ber  grü^lingdgott  (-cd,  -cr). 
spring,  bie  Cuetle  (-,  -n). 
spring,  1'.,  fpringcn  (a,  u);  —  up, 

aufspringen,  aufschießen  (o,  o). 
spurt  up,  auf=fpri^en. 
spy,  crfpäl)en,  entbecfen. 
squat,  ^ocfen. 

squirrel,  bad  (ficfi^ömc^en  (-d,  -). 
stable,  ber  Stall  (-cd,  -c). 
stafiF,  ber  Stab  (-cd,  -e). 
stagnant,  ftcl)enb. 
stain,  befcf)mut>en. 
stairs,  bie  Jreppe  (-,  -n);  wooden 

— ,  bie  öoljtTcppe  (-,  -n). 
stake,  ber  '|3faf)l  (-d,  -e). 
stalk,  ber  ©aim  (-cd,  -c). 
stand,  [tcf)en  (ftanb,  geftanben);  — 

out,  ragen;  —  still,  ftillSte^en. 


l82 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


I 


standard,  i>a^  SBcrtmaß  (-e^,  -e), 
ber  ilöert  (-eg,  -e),  bie  ©eltung 
(-,  -en),  bie  ^ebeutung  (-,  -en). 

star,  ber  Stern  (-Ö,  -e). 

stare  at,  an^glot^en. 

start,  tr.,  an^fangen  (i,  a),  beginnen 
(a,  o);  intr.,  fic^  in  Serocgung 
fe^en;  —  off,  —  out,  au^brccf)en 
(a,  o),  fic^  auf  bie  iRcife  machen; 

—  out    (into),    f)inaug-n)anbem 
(in). 

state,  ber  ©taat  (-e8,  -en),  ber 
©tanb  (-eS,  -^e);  —  examination, 
bie  ©taatöprüfung  (-,  -en);  — 
forest,  ber  otaatgfor[t  (-eö,  -e  or 
-en);  —  institution,  bie  ©taatä^ 
an[talt  (-,  -en);  —  privilege,  bie 
[taatUd^e  53erc(^tigung  (-,  -en). 

state,  adj.,  ftaatlic^. 

stately,  anfc^nlid),  [tattlid^. 

station,  ber  ©tanb  (-eö,  ^e). 

stationed,  [tationiert. 

statuary,  bie  33ilbVuerel  (-,  -en). 

statue,  baö  'Stanbbilb  (-eS,  -er). 

statute,  boo  Statut'  (-eö,  -en). 

stay,  bleiben  (ie,  ie),  [id)  befinbcn  (a, 
u),  öermeilen,  [id)  au[4)a(ten  (ie, 
a). 

steady,  [tetig. 

steal,  [teilen  (a,  o). 

steam,  ber  S)amp[  (-eg,  ^e);  —  en- 
gine, bie  !l)ampfma[d)ine  (-,  -n). 

steed,  bag  3Jo&  (-eg,  -e). 

steel,  ber  ©ta^I  (-g). 

steep,  [teil. 

steeple,  ber  .^ird;turm  (-g,  -^e). 

steer,  [teucrn. 

step,  ber  Schritt  (-eg,  -e). 

step,  v.,  treten  (a,  c);  —  up,  l^eran* 
treten  (a,  e). 

stick,  ber  Stocf  (-g,  -^e). 

stick,  v.,  [tccfcn. 

still,  nod). 

stillness,  bie  Stille,  bie  9?u^e. 

stir,  /r.,  rubren  ;  /;//;-.,  fid)  rubren  ; 

—  up,  auf  iuüI)Umi. 


stone,  ber  i:tein  (-S,  -e);    the  first 

— ,  ber  ©runbftetn  (-g,  -e). 
stop,  ber  (Sinl)alt    (-e);   put  a  — , 

(linbalt  tun  (tat,  getan)  {\.o,äat.)y 

ein  (5nbe  mad}en  (to,  dat.). 
stop,  v.,  an>balten  (ie,  a),  ein=balteu 

(ie,  o),  aufboren, 
store,  ber  ?aben  (-g,  -  or  ■^),  bag 

SBarenl)aug    (-eg,    -^er);    —    of 

knowledge,  ber  Scba^  (-eg,  -^e) 

an  {or  öon)  Äenntniffen. 
storehouse,  ber  ?agerpla^  (-eg,  -"-e). 
storekeeper,  ber  Krämer  (-g,  -). 
stork,  ber  Storc^  (-g,  ^e). 
storm,  ber  Sturm  (-g,  ^e). 
storm,  v.,  ftlirmen. 
stormy,  ftiirmifd). 
story,  bag  Stodroerf  (-g,  -e)  (of  a 

house), 
story,   bie  Grsä^lung   (-,  -en),  bie 

^^oöelle   (-,  -n);  tell  a  — ,    (= 

slander)  öerleumbcn. 
straight,  gerabe,  grabe, 
strand,  ber  Stranb  (-eg,  -e). 
strange,  fremb,  merfinürbig  (=odd). 
stranger,   ber   trembling    (-g,  -e), 

ber  or  bie  i^rembe  (-n,  -n). 
straw,  bag  Strob  (-g). 
stream,  ber  Strom  C-g,  -=^e). 
street,  bie  Straße  (-,  -n);  —  car, 

ber  Straf?cnbabnmagcn  (-g,  -). 
strength,    bie    Äraft    (-,    -^c),    bie 

Stiirfe. 
strengthen,  öcrftärfcn. 
stretch,  bie  Strcrfe  (~,  -n). 
stretch,   v.,   [treden;  —  out,   aug- 

ftreden;  intr.,  [icb  aug=ftrerfcn;  — 

one's  limbs,  fid)  recfen,  [i(^  [treden. 
strict,  [treng,  genau, 
strike,    [d)lagcn   (u,   a);   intr.,   auf^ 

[cblagcn. 
stroke,  ber  Streid)  (-g,  -e). 
stroke,  %'.,  ftrcidicln. 
strong,  ftarf,  \)i\X\<\,  gefunb 
stronghold,  bag  '^^oUiucrf  (-g,  -c).. 

bie  43urg  (-,  -en). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


183 


Structure,  bcr  33au  {-&,  -c  or  -ten), 

ba^  (^cbäubc  (-«,  -),  ba«  öefügc 

M,  -). 
struggle,  bcr  Äampf  (-co,  -^e). 
struggle,  v.,  (=  resist)  fid)  [träuben. 
stubble  field,  ta^  Stoppclfdb  (-co, 

-cr). 
student,  bcr  2tubcnt'  (-en,  -en), 
study,  baö  3tubium  (-Ö,  -bicn). 
study,  v.,  [tubicrcn. 
stump,   bcr   Stumpf  (-co,  -^e);  — 

of  a  tree,  bcr  iöaumftumpf  (-eg, 

-^c). 
style,  bcr  2tü  (-ö,  -e). 
subdue,  untermcrfcn  (a,  0),  bc.^mingcn 

{a,  u);  jur  Xcmut  bringen  (brachte, 

gebrad)t). 
subject,    adj.,    unterworfen,    untcr= 

geben   (dat.);  be  — ,   unterliegen 

(a,  e)  (to,  dat.). 
subject,  v.,  untern)erfen  (a,  0);  be 

— ed  to  something,  ctroa^  au^' 

galten  muffen  (muBte,  gemußt), 
sublime,  erf)aben. 
submit,  i)itr.,  fic^  fügen  (dat.),  fic^ 

unterwerfen  (a,  0)  (dat.). 
subside,  na(f)4affen  (ie,  a),  fic^  legen, 
suburb,  bie  33orftabt  (-,  ^e). 
succeed,  gelingen  (a,  u),  iinpers.;  I 

— ,  eö  gelingt  mir. 
success,  ber  (Erfolg  (-ö,  -e). 
succession,    bie   9kc^folge;    in    — , 

f)intereinanber,  nac^cinanber. 
successive,  aufcinanber  folgenb. 
successor,  ber  'DJad)f olger  (-«,  -). 
succumb,  unterliegen  (a,  e)  {dat.). 
such,  fold^. 
sudden,    suddenly,    plöfelic^;    very 

suddenly,  urplöfelic^. 
suffer,  leiben  (litt,  gelitten),  büßen 

(for,  acc);  cause  some  one  to  — , 

jemanbem  etmaö  juleibe  tun  (tat, 

getan), 
suffering,  bii%  ?ciben  (-3). 
suffice,  genügen  (dat.),  auö^reid^en, 

f)in=reic^cn. 


suflkient,  audreid)enb,  gcnügcnb;  be 

— ,  genügen  (dat.). 
sugar,  ber  ^Mdtx  (-d,  -). 
Suggestion,  ber  ^-l>orfct)lag  (-«,  -»c), 
suggestive,  anregenb. 
suitable,  paffenb,  geeignet  (for,  ju). 
suitor,  bcr  greier  (-«,  -),  ber  ©crber 

(-«,  -). 
sullen,  mürrifd),  finfter. 
summer,  bcr  2ommcr  (-«,  -);  — 

life,  ba^  fommerlic^e  lieben  (-«); 

—  morning,  ber  3ommermorgen 
(-8,  -);  —  time,  bie  3ommer= 
jcit  (-,  -en);  —  weather,  bag 
(gommcrmetter  (-g). 

summit,  ber  Öipfel  (-g,  -). 

sun,  bie  Sonne  (-,  -n). 

Sunday,  ber  Sonntag  (-g,  -e);  adv.^ 

Sonntagg. 
sunlight,  ber  Sonnenfc^ein  (-«). 
sunny,  fonnig. 

sunshine,  ber  Sonnenfc^cin  (-«). 
superior,  adj.,  überlegen  {w.  dat.); 

—  in  number,  an  ^a.^.  überlegen; 

—  numbers,  —  forces,  bie  Über= 
mac^t. 

superstitious,  abergläubifd^. 

supply,  ber  Vorrat  (-ö,  ^e)  (of,  an 
w.  dat.),  bie  23erforgung  (of,  mit). 

supply,  v.,  Ocrfcl)en  (a,  e),  ocrforgcn. 

support,  [tü^en. 

suppose,  öermuten,  bcnfen  (badete, 
geba(^t);  he  was  supposed  to 
represent,  man  f)iclt  il)n  für;  sup- 
posed, oermutlic^. 

suppress,  unterbrüden. 

sure,  ftc^er,  gemif:;  to  be  — ,  adv., 
jttjar,  freilid),  allerbingg,  gemife. 

surface,  bie  gläc^e  (-,  -n),  bie  Cber* 
tläd)e  (-,  -n);  —  of  the  water, 
ber  SBafferfpiegel  (-g,  -). 

surmise,  af)nen. 

surpass,  übertreffen  (übertraf,  0). 

surprise,  bie  Übcrrafd)ung  (-,  -en), 
baö  Staunen  (-g),  ba^  (vrftauncn 
(-Ö). 


1 84 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


surprise,  v.,  tlbcrrafc^cn;  surprised, 

erftaunt. 
surprising,  erftaunlic^. 
surrender,  übergeben  (a,  c). 
surround,  umgeben  (a,  t),  umringen, 
surroundings,    bie    Umgebung    (-, 

-en). 
suspect,in3?erbad)t()aben;iiermuten. 
suspend,    auf=f)ängen;    —    on    the 

cross,  anö  Äreuj  fd)lagen  (u,  a); 

be  suspended,  ()angcn  (i,  a), 
suspicion,  bet  2(rgn3o{)n  (-«). 
sustain,  erleiben  (erlitt,  erlitten), 
swallow,  oerfc^lingen  (a,  u). 
swamp,  ber  ©urnpf  (-eö,  ^e). 
swan,  ber  ©c^man,  (-g,  -^e). 
sweat,  ber  ©djttjei^  (-eö). 
sweep,  fegen,  fe^ren. 
sweet,  fii^. 
swift,  bcl)cnbe,  flinf. 
swim,  fd)tt)immen  (o,  o). 
swing,  fd)n)lngen  (a,  u),  [erlagen  (u, 

a), 
sword,  bag  ®d)tt)ert  (-eg,  -er),  ber 

!Degen  (-§,  -). 
symbol,  ha^  ©innbilb  (-g,  -er),  bag 

3 eichen  (-g,  -). 
symbolize,    |l)mboU[ieren,    ber[inn= 

lichen, 
system,  bag  ©t)[tem'  (-g,  -e),  bie 

9J2etl)obe  (-,  -n). 
systematical,  [^[tematifd^. 


table,  ber  Zi\^  (-eg,  -c). 

tail,  ber  ©c^manj  (-eg,  -^c). 

take,  nel)men  (a,  genommen),  cin= 
nehmen  (a  fortress);  bringen 
(brad}te,  gebracht)  (dat.  of  pcrs.); 

—  across,  l^criiber^bringen;  — 
along,  mit=nel)mcn;  —  back,  ju- 
rticf^nc^men;  —  by  storm,  erftilr- 
men;  —  down,  {)erunter=ne{)men; 

—  for,  ()nlten  (ic,  a)  für;  —  from, 


njeg^neljmen  (dat.  of  pers.),  (= 
separate)  trennen;  —  in,  auf=nef)= 
men;  —  off,  ab=ne{)men;  —  up, 
aufgeben  (o,  o),  unternel)mcn 
(=  undertake);  —  with  one's 
self,  mit=ncl)men;  —  a  course, 
n)eitcr=gel)en  (ging,  gegangen). 

talk,  fpred^en  (a,  o),  reben. 

tall,  ^00). 

task,  bie  2tufgabe  (-,  -n). 

taste,  ber  0efd)macf  (-g,  ^e);  his  — 
ran  to,  er  ^iclt  eg  mit. 

taste,  v.,  fc^mecfen,  foften. 

tavern,  ber  (^aftf)of  ( -g,  ^e). 

taxgathercr,  ber  3ollcinnet)mer  (-g, 
-). 

teach,  Ief)ren,  unterrid)ten,  (= edu- 
cate) erjte^en  (erjog,  erjogen),  (= 
suggest)  ein-geben  (a,  e). 

teacher,  ber  ?ci)rer  (-g,  -). 

teaching,  ber  Unterricht  (-g). 

tear,  bie  Xräne  (-,  -n). 

tearless,  tränenleer. 
.  technical,  tcdjnifc^. 

tedious,  langiüeilig. 

tell,  fagen,  berichten,  (= narrate)  cr= 
ääl)len. 

tempt,  Derfurfien. 

tender-hearted,  ineicb^erjig. 

tenement-house,  bag  9J?ietg^aug 
(-eg,  ^er). 

Teneriffe,  Teneriffa  (-g). 

term,  bie  ißebingung  (-,  -en);  on 
easy  — s,  unter  leidsten  iöcbingun= 
gen. 

terrible,  fc^recflid),  furd)tbar. 

territory,  bag  (>^ebict  (-g,  -e). 

terror,  ber  ^d)recfcn  (-g,  -),  bag 
(Sntfet^en  (-g). 

test,  prüfen,  erproben. 

text-book,  bag  2d)ulbud)  (-g,  -^cr). 

Thames,  bie  Xl)emfe  (-). 

than,  alg. 

thank,  banfcn  (dat.  of  per.';.). 

thanks,  ber  T^anf  (-eg);  a  word  of 
— ,  ein  ÄHU-t  beg  T^anfeg. 


GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 


■85 


that,  icncr,  (rcl.)  bcr  (bic,  bad),  mcl^ 

d)cr. 
that,    conj.,    ba\i;    so    — ,    [0    ba^ 

(result),  bamit  (purpose). 
the  .  .  .,  the  .  .  .  (before  compara- 
tives), ie  .  .  .,  bcfto  (ic);  the  .  .  . 

(alone),  iimfo,  bcfto. 
theater,  ha'i  2l)catcr  (-Ö,  -). 
theme,  bcr  (bkflcnftaub  (-ed,  -^c), 
then,  bann,  barauf. 
theological,  tl)eologilcf). 
theolog)',  bic  Il)coIogie'  (-,  -n). 
theoretical,  tf)corcti[c^. 
theor)',  bic  I^corie'  (-,  -n). 
there,  ba,  bort, 
thereafter,  barauf,  banac^. 
thereat,  babei. 
thereby,  babci. 

therefore,  bcöiucgcn,  alfo,  ba^er. 
thereupon,  barauf,  banac^. 
therewith,  bamit. 
thick,  bicf,  (=dense)  bid^t. 
thickly,  rcic^. 
thin,  btinn. 
thing,  baö  Xing  (-ed,  -e  or  -er),  bic 

Sad^e  (-,  -n). 
think,  benfen  (backte,  gebadet)   (of, 

an  w.  ace),  meinen;  —  more  and 

more  of  something,  etmag  immer 

f)ö^cr  [d)ät5en. 
third,    britt — ;    the    —    part,    ha^ 

^Drittel  (-g,  -). 
thirst,  bcr  Xurft  (-eg), 
thirsty,  burftig. 
thirteen,  breijc^n. 
thirty,  breißtg;  Thirty  Years'  War, 

ber  ^Dreißigjährige  ^rieg  (-eg), 
this,  bicfer. 
thither,  l^icr^cr. 
Thomas    Aquinas,     Jf)omag    oon 

Slquino. 
thorn,  bcr  I'orn  (-eg,  -e  or  -en  or 

-er), 
thorny,  bornig. 
thorough,  griinblid). 
thoroughly,  grünblicf),  burc^aug. 


thoroughness,  bic  Wrlinblic^fett. 
though,  obgleich,  obfc^on,  lucnn  aud), 

n)cnng(eid);  as  — ,  alg  ob. 
thought,  bcr  OJebanfc  (-ng,  -n),  bic 

3bcc  (-,  -n). 
thousand,  taufenb;  7wun,  bag  Xau= 

[enb  (-g,  -e). 
threat,   bie  Drof)ung   (-,  -en),  bie 

2Inbrof)ung  (-,  -en), 
threaten,  broken  (dat.  of  per s.). 
three,  brei. 
thrifty,  n)of)l^abenb. 
thrive,  gcbci^en  (ic,  ie),  irac^fen  (u, 

a), 
throne,  bcr  3:f)ron  (-eg,  -e). 
through,  prep.,  burd^;  adv.,  burrf), 

fertig;  —  and  — ,  in  fcbcr  '^Q.\tx. 
throughout,  ^inburd),  überall  in. 
throw,  tt)crfcn  (a,  0),  fd)(cubem;  — 

away,  n)cg=n3crfcn;  —  in,  hinein* 

n^crfcn;  —  out,  treiben  (ie,  ie)  (of 

plants), 
thumb,  ber  Xaumen  (-g,  -). 
thunder,  ber  ^Donner  (-g,  -). 
thunder-storm,   bag    (5i)eiüitter   (-g, 

-). 
Thuringian,  adj.,  t^iiringifc^. 
thus,  fo. 

tiding(s),  bie  ^'^ad^rid^t  (-,  -en), 
tie,  binben  (a,  u). 
tile,  ber  ^\t<i,t{  (-g, -);  — stove,  ber 

Äad)eIofcn  (-g,  -). 
till,  conj.,  big. 
time,  bie  ^cit  (-,  -en),  bag  ^oX  (-eg, 

-e)  {with  numerical  modifiers); 

several  — s,  mcf)rcre  ÜJJalc,  mc^r= 

ma(g;  the  third  — ,  bag  brittc  lOMI; 

at  — s,  bigrocilcn,  sumcilen,  mit= 

unter;  at  the  same  — ,  gleid)jcitig; 

for  some  — ,  cine  ^di  lang;  just 

in  — ,  rechtzeitig;  this  — ,  biegmal. 
tired,  mübe,  ermattet, 
tit  for  tat,  iESurft  miber  SBurft. 
title,   ber  Xitel   (-g,  -),  bie  Übcr= 

fc^rift  (-,  -en),  ber  9?ame  (-ng, 

-n),  bie  Ö3enennung  (-,  -en). 


i86 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


titmouse,  bic  SImfcI  (-,  -n). 

to,  1511,  auf,  an;  big;  up  — ,  bi§  5U. 

toast,  bcr  Xoa\t  (-3,  -e),  bcr  Jrinf^ 

[pruc^  (-Ö,  ^e);  give  a  — ,  einen 

2:nnfipruc^   auö^bringen    (brachte, 

gebrad)t). 
to-day,  I)cute,  J^eutjutage. 
together,  j^ufammen;  —  with,  ncb[t, 

[amt  (dat.). 
token,  bad  3^^^)^"  M^  -)• 
toleration,  bte  Xoteranj',  bie  !DuI= 

bung, 
tomb,  ber  33cgräbniöpla^  (-eö,  -^e), 

bie  9?u^c[tätte  (-,  -n). 
to-morrow,  morgen. 
ton,  bie  Xonne  (-,  -n). 
tone,  ber  Ion  (-eö,  ^e). 
too,  ju,  auc^  (=also). 
top,  ber  SBipfel  (-g,  -),  bie  Spi^e 

(-.  -n). 
topple  over,  um^fallcn  (fiel,  a), 
toss,  irerfcn  (a,  0). 
total,  ganj,  gefamt,  gänjlic^,  böttig, 

bol([tänbig;  —  number,  bie  XotaV' 

fumme  (-,  -n). 
touch,  berühren,  an=rü^ren. 
touchhole,  ha^  ^ü'^bloc^  (-S,  -^er). 
touching,  adj.,  rü(}reub. 
toward,  prep.,  gegen,  entgegen,  nac^. 
tower,  ber  Jurm  (-Ö,  ^e);  —  clock, 

bie  Jurmu^r  (-,  -en), 
tower,  v.,  empor^ragen,  auf'-ragcn. 
town,  bie  Stabt  (-,  -^e),  ber  gleden 

(-8,  -)  (village), 
track,  bie  53a^n  (-,  -en), 
trade,  bcr  v'panbel  (-6),  ba^  ^anb' 

mxt  (-Ö,  -e),  bag  Öefd)äft  (-Ö,  -e). 
tradition,  bic  Überlieferung  (-,  -en), 

bie  Öcn)o()n()cit  (-,  -en), 
traffic,  bcr  iöcrfcfjr  (-Ö). 
train,  auö^bilbcn,  untcrrirfjten. 
training,  bic  '^ludbilbung,  bie  «Sd^u- 

(ung,  bie  (5r,5ic()ung. 
trait,  bcr  3iifl  (^cd,  -^e). 
tramp,  ber  Spajicrgang  (-8,  -^c). 
transact,  bcrrirf)tcn,  führen. 


transfigure,  öerflären. 
transform,  Dcrmanbeln. 
translate,  überfe^cn. 
transparent,  burc^fic^tig. 
travel,  ha^  3?eifen  (-Ö). 
travel,  v.,  reifen,  manbem. 
tread,  (au^Otrctcn  (a,  e). 
treasure,  bcr  Sc^afc  (-eg,  -^c). 
treat,  bef)anbeln,  beroirten  (=enter- 

tain);  —  of,  fac()anbcln. 
treatment,  bic  iße^anblung  (-,  -en), 
tree,  ber  33aum  (-eg,  *c);  —  hole, 

bie  ^Dliftf)öf)(e  (-,  -n);  —  top,  ber 

Saummipfcl    (-g,  -);  —  trunk, 

ber  iöaumftamm  (-g,  -^e). 
tremble,  jittcrn. 
tribute,  bag  3cu9^i^  (-U^,  -fO  (to, 

für), 
trichina,  bie  Xric^ine  (-,  -n). 
trifle,  bie  ÄIcinigfeit  (-,  -en), 
trifle,  v.,  fpielcn,  fdjerjen;  he  is  not 

to  be  trifled  with,  er  läßt  (ie,  a) 

mit  [id)  nid)t  fpa^en. 
trip,  bie  9Jcife  (-,  -n). 
triple-headed,  brciföpfig. 
triumph,  bcr  Jriumpf)'  (-eg,  -e). 
triumph,  v.,  triump{)iercn. 
triumphal,  triumphant,  fiegrcid^;  — 

progress,  bcr  Sicgegjug  (,-g,  ^e). 
troop,  bcr  Xrupp  (-g,  -g),  bie  iruppe 

(-,  -n),  bie  2d)ar  (-,  -en), 
trot  ofi",  baöon^raben. 
trouble,  bie  i)tü()C  (-,  -n);  give  — , 

9Jhi()e  mad;cn  (dat.);  without  — , 

miifjclog. 
troublesome,  bcfdilücrlic^. 
true,  maljr,  ed)t,  treu  (dat.);  it  is — , 

jmar  {adv.). 
truly,  ed)t,  niaf)rf)aft. 
trumpet,  bic  Xrompc'te  (-,  -n). 
trunk,  bcr  ^tamrn  (-eg,  -^c)  (of  a 

tree),  bcr  Sloiicx  (-g,  -). 
truth,  bic  ii^al)rl)cit  (-,  -en);  in  — , 

fiinuabr. 
truthfulness,  bic  SBa^rf)aftigfcit. 
try,  fud)cn,  iicrfud)cn. 


GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 


187 


tub,  bcr  3ubcr  (-«,  -),  ba«  ^aß 

(-CÖ,  ^cr). 
tube,  baö  ))M)v  (-«,  -e). 
tuber,  bie  .ft nolle  (-,  -n). 
tumble  down,  !)erab=ftür5en 
tunc,  bic  iUJclobic'  (-,  -n),  bic  2Bci[c 

(-,  -n). 
turn;  in  — ,  anbrcrfcitö. 
turn,  v.,  iDcubcu  (manbte,  (^clrlanbt), 

brcf)cn,  ricf)tcu;  iutr.,  [id)  mcubcn 

(to,    an    with    ace);    —    over, 

um=iücnbeu. 
turnip,   bie  Stecfrübe   (-,  -u),   bic 

Äof)Irübe  (-,  -n). 
twelfth,  smölft— . 
twenty,  Jtraiqig. 
twenty -seven,  fiebenunb^jroanjig. 
twig,  ber  3^^iS  (-c^/  -<^)- 
two,  jmei,  beibe. 
type,  ta^  53i(b  (-eg,  -er),  bag  9J?u[ter= 

bilb    (-eg,   -er),   ber   'Xt)puä    (-, 

-pen). 


umbrella,  ber  9?egenfd^irm  (-g,  -e). 
unable,  unfähig,  ni(f)t  im  [tanbe. 
unchecked,  ungehemmt, 
unconcerned,  unbefiimmert. 
unconscious,  unbemußt,  bemußtloö. 
under,  unter. 

underbrush,  baö  Unter^olj  (-e§,  -er). 
undergrowth,  ba^  Öeftrüpp  (-5,  -e), 

ha^  @e[träu(^  (-g,  -e). 
understand,  berfte^en  (öerftanb,  üer= 

ftanben). 
undertake,  unternel^men  (a,  unter= 

nommcn),  auf=nel)men  (a,  genom= 

men), 
underwood,  bag  Unter^olj  (-eg,  ^er). 
undeveloped,  unentmicfelt. 
uneven,  uneben;  —  spot,  bie  Un- 

ebenf)cit  (-,  -en), 
unfavorable,  ungiinftig  (to,  dat.). 
unfortunately,  unglücflirf^erraeife. 
unhappy,  unglücflic^. 


unimportant,  unbcbcutenb. 
unintelligible,  unücrftänblid). 
uninterrupted,  ununterbrod^en,  un= 

autl)örlirf). 
uninvited,  ungclabcn. 
union,  bie  '-Bereinigung  (-,  -en),  bcr 

33crbanb  (-eg,  ^e). 
unite,    ocrcinigen;    united,    bcreint, 

einl)citlid),  gcmcinfam. 
universal,  allgemein, 
university,  bie  Uniöerfität'  (-,  -en); 

—  professor,  ber  UniDcrfitätg^ 
profeffor  (-g,  -en);  —  secretary, 
bcr  UniDcri"itätg=3efretär  (-g,  -e). 

unmarried,  lebig,  uni)crt)ciratet. 
unnoticed,  unbcmcrft,  unbcadjtet. 
unpretending,  geniigfam,  anlprud)g= 

log. 
unpromising,  nid)t  bid  berjprec^cnb. 
unrestrained,  ungcbftnbigt. 
unsanitar)^,  gc[unbl)cltgn)ibrig. 
unsatisfactor)',  ungcnügcnb,  ic^lec^t 

(prove  — ). 
unshakable,  unerfc^iitterlic^. 
unspeakable,  unfäglic^,  unaugfprec^- 

lief), 
unsuccessful,  erfolglog. 
untie,  log=binben  (a,  u). 
until,  big. 

unusual,  ungemölinlid^. 
up,  adv.,  auf,  oben;  —  to,  big  auf; 

—  and  down,  auf  unb  ab,  \)'m 
unb  ^er. 

upon,  prep.,  ouf. 

upper,   adj.,   ber   (bie,   bag)    obere; 

gain  the  —  hand,  bic  Obcrljanb 

gewinnen  (a,  0). 
upright,  rcd)tfd)affcn. 
uprising,  bie  (Sr^cbung  (-,  -en), 
upward,  auftuilrtg,  empor, 
use,  ber  ©cbraud)   (-g,  ^e);  make 

—  of,  benu^cn,  fic^  (dat.)  ctroag 
ju  nufee  mad)cn. 

use,  v.,  braud)cn  (=need),  gcbrau^ 
c^cn  (= employ),  l^aben,  benu^cn, 
jen  (=be  accustomed). 


i88 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


useful,  niiljlic^. 

useless,  unnü^,  nuljlo«. 

usual,  gcn3öf)nUc^. 

usually,  %möi)n[[ä),  fonft. 

utterance,  bie  Slußerung  (-,  -en), 
ber  Sluöruf  (-g,  -e);  angry  — ,  bie 
^omeöäuBerung  (-,  -en). 


vacantly,  öer[tänbniäIo8. 
vagabond,  ber  l^anbftreic^er  (-8,  -). 
vague,  unflar,  öerfd)iüommen. 
vain;  in  — ,  üergebcnö. 
valley,  bag  Xal  (-eg,  ^er). 
valor,  bie  3:apfcrfcit. 
valuable,  mertüolt. 
value,  ber  SBert  (-e8,  -e). 
value,  v.,  fc^a^en. 
vanish,  oerfrf)n)inben  (a,  u). 
variety,  bie  HJannigfaltigfcit  (-,  -en), 
various,  oerfcfiiebcn,  cinjeln. 
vary,  hjec^feln,  oer[cf)ieben  fein, 
vast,  Quggcbc^nt,  unge{)euer. 
vastness,  bie  ungeheure  ©röfee  (-,  -n). 
vehement,  f)eftig. 
veil,  ber  ®cf)Ieier  (-6,  -);  —  of  fog, 

ber  g?ebel[(f)leier  (-6,  -). 
vein,  bie  Slber  (-,  -n),  ber  3ug  (-eS, 

■^e);  —  of  humor,   bie  i)umori= 

[tifi^e  2lber. 
velvet,  ber  Sammet  (-8,  -e),  ber 

©amt  (-eg,  -e). 
venerable,  efjrmürbig. 
venom,  ber  (heifer  (-g). 
vent,  aug4a[[en  (ie,  a)  (on,  an  w. 

dat.). 
venture,  tragen, 
venturesome,   abenteuerlich,   bebenf= 

lic^,  gefä()rUcl}. 
very,  fe^r. 
vessel,  bag  (^efäfe  (-eg,  -c);  (=ship) 

bag  ^o()rjeug  (-g,  -e),  bag  8d)tff 

(-«,  -c). 
vicinity,  bie  ^äi)C. 


victim,  bag  Dpfer  (-g,  -);  become 
the  —  of,  ant)eim=[aUcn  (fiel,  a) 
(dat.). 

victorious,  fiegreic^. 

victor}',  ber  2icg  (-eg,  -e). 

victuals,  bie  I'ebengmittel  (plur.). 

vie,  trettcifern  (in,  an). 

Vienna,  SBien  (-g). 

view,  ber  53Iicf  (-g,  -e),  ber  21nblicf 
(-g,  -e),  bie  2Iugfid)t  (-,  -en); 
open  — ,  freie  Slugfic^t. 

vigorous,  frifc^. 

village,  ha^  Dorf  (-eg,  ^er),  ha^ 
©täbtdjen  (-g,  -);  —  brook,  ber 
©orfbad)  (-g,  ^e);  —  ditch,  ber 
S)orfgrabcn  (-g,  ^);  —  road,  bie 
SDorfftraBe  (-,  -n). 

villager,  ber  T)orfbemoI)ner  (-g,  -). 

vineyard,  ber  iföcinbcrg  (-g,  -e). 

violent,  l)eftig,  leibenfc^aftlic^. 

viper,  bie  Üktter  (-,  -n). 

visible,  ficf)tbar. 

visit,  befu(^en,  l)eim=fuc^cn  (misfor- 
tune, robbers,  etc.);  intr.,  einen 
59efuc^  macf)en. 

visitor,  ber  iöefuc^enbe  (-n,  -n),  ber 
53e|uc^  (-g,  -e). 

vital;  —  energy,  —  force,  bie 
gebengfraft  (-,  -e). 

vivid,  Icbf)aft. 

viz.,  nämtid). 

voice,  bie  Stimme  (-,  -n). 

voluntary,  freimilUg. 

volunteer,  ber  gi^fiiüilUgc  (-n,  -n). 

vow,  ber  ©c^mur  (-eg,  ^e). 


W 

wade,    tüaten;    —    about,    ^crum= 

loatcn. 
wag,  luebcln. 
wage  war,  ilricg  fill)ren. 
wagon,  ber  Ä'agcn  (-g,  -);  —  wheel, 

bag  'Xl^agenrab  (-eg,  -^er). 
wait,  marten;  —  on,  pflegen. 


GERMAN    PROSE   COMPOSITION 


189 


wake,  n)ad)cn;  —  up,  crmad)cn. 
walk,  ber  3pa^icrc\ai^  (-Ö,  -c). 
walk,  v.,    flcl)cn    (fling,   flcgancicn), 

manbcln,  manbcni;  —  about,  um= 

I)cr=gc()cn;    —    away,    101^^=901)011, 

tücg=gc{)cn,   baöon=gei)cn;   —  out, 

Qiiö=gcl)cn. 
wall,  bic  '-JBaub  (-,  -^c). 
wand,  ber  3öuöcr[tab  (-e8,  -^c). 
wander,  manbcrn. 
want,  n)im|d)cn,  moUcn,  fct)(cn  (dat.) 

(=lack);  money  is  — ing,  e^  fc{)(t 

an  öclb. 
war,  ber  Äricg  (-co,  -e);  War  of 

Liberation,    ber    33etreiungöfrieg 

H,  -e). 
warlike  expedition,   ber  Äriegö^ug 

ward  ofT,  ah^tüc^un. 

wardrobe,  ber  .^(eiber[c^ranE  (-ö,^e), 

ber  2d)ranf  (-Ö,  ^c). 
warm,  Xüaxm,  I)er3(id)  (absir.). 
warn,  lüamcn,  bebeuten. 
warrior,  ber  .^rieger  (-g,  -);  — s, 

bie  9)?annen  (in  feudal  times), 
wash,    ba^    33ab    (-eö,    ^er),    bie 

©c^roemme  (-,  -n)  (of  horses), 
wash,  v.,  lüafc^en  (u,  a), 
washing,  bie  SSäfcfie  (-,  -n). 
watch,    auf=paf[en,    beobachten,    ju- 

[e^en  (a,  c),  überwachen,  belaufeten, 
watchman,  ber  3Bäc^ter  (-Ö,  -). 
water,  baö  Staffer  (-Ö,  -);  —  beech, 

bie  SBafferbuc^e  (-,  -n),  bie  2öeiB= 

buc^e    (-,    -n);   —   course,    ber 

SBaff erlauf  (-ö,  -e);  —  lily,  bie 

<2eerofe  (-,  -n). 
water,  v.,  mäffem;  his  mouth  — s, 

ber  Ü)?unb  mäffert  i^m  banac^. 
waterfall,  ber  SSaffertall  (-g,  ^e). 
wave,  bie  SBelle  (-,  -n). 
waver,  ttianfen. 
wax,  ftierben  (a  or  murbe,  0). 
way,  ber  SSeg  (-eg,  -e),  bie  5Irt  (-, 

-en)    (= manner),    bie    SO^et^obe 

(-,  -n). 


weak,  fc^roac^. 

wealth,    ber   ilBo^Iftanb    (-eö),   ber 

Oicic^tum  (-0,  ^er). 
wcajjon,  bie  3Ba[fc  (-,  -n). 
wear,  tragen  (u,  a), 
weather,  ba«  ilßetter  (-ö,  -). 
weave,  meben  (0,  0). 
wedding-feast,  ber  ^oc^jcit«[(!^mau« 

(-e«,  -c). 
week,  bie  S[Bocf)c  {-,  -n). 
weep,  meinen, 
weigh,  miegen  (0,  0). 
weight,  ha^  0eiDi(f)t  (-«,  -c). 
weird,  unf)eimlic^. 
welfare,  bic  iJBo^lfa^rt. 
well,  adv.,  gut,  griinblic^,  mo^I,  nun 

(=now). 
Wend,  ber  3Benbc  (-n,  -n). 
Wendish,  njcnbifd). 
west,  ber  SBcftcn  (-«),  ber  3[iBe[t  (-e«, 

-e). 
west,  western,  adj.,  njeftlic!^. 
Westphalia,  SBcftfalen  (-S). 
what,  mag,  mic. 
whatever,  mie  aud^. 
wheat  stalk,  ber  SBeijen^alm   (-«, 

-e). 
when,  alg,  tt)cnn. 
whence,  iDO^er,  oon  too. 
whenever,  menu,  tocnn  immer, 
where,  voo. 
whereby,  iDobel. 
whereupon,  morauf. 
wherever,  too  immer, 
whether,  ob. 
while,  bie  2Bci(e,  ber  Slugcnblid ;  for 

a  — ,  ein  2tünbd)en. 
while,  coHJ.,  toät)renb,  inbem. 
whip,  pcitfdien,  fc^lagcn  (u,  a), 
whirlpool,  ber  Strubel  (-Ö,  -). 
whisper,  flüftcm. 
whistle,  bic  'pfeife  (-,  -n). 
whistle,  v.,  fiöten. 
whistling,  baä  flöten  (-«). 
white,  toeiß. 
Whitsuntide,  bie  ^[ingften  (plur.); 


IQO 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


—  whistle,   bie   ^Pfingl'tpfeife   (-, 
-n). 

who,  {inter rog.)  lücr,  (rel.)  ber,  n)cl= 

c^cr. 
whoever,  irer  immer,  h)er. 
whole,  ganj. 
wholesome,  gc[unb. 
wholly,  Qin^lic^. 
why,  marum;  iuterj.,  cl,  ad^. 
wicked,  bö[e,  fünb[)nft. 
wide,  h)cit,  Quögcbe^nt,  breit, 
wife,  bie  ^xau  (-,  -en),  bie  @ema{)(in 

(-,  -nen),  bie  Öattin  {-,  -nen), 

bag  SBcib  (-eö,  -er). 
wild,  tnilb. 

wilderness,  bie  SBilbnig  (-,  -fe). 
will,  ber  SBille  (-n^,  -n);  of  one's 

own  free  — ,  freiroiUig. 
William,  mii)dm  (-Ö). 
willing,   bereit,   iniltig,   freubig;    be 

found  — ,  [id)  bereit  or  initUg  fin* 

bm  (a,  u). 
willingly,  bcreitiüiltig,  gerne, 
willow,  bie  SBeibe  (-,  -n);  —  tree, 

ber  ^cibenbaum  (-S,  ^e). 
win,  geniinnen  (a,  o),  baöon^ragen 

(u,  a),  fiegen  (=gain  the  victory); 

—  over,  für  fic^  gewinnen, 
wind,  ber  SBinb  (-eä,  -e). 

wind,  v.,  lüinben  (a,  u),  binben  (a,  u), 

auf=3ie()cn  (50g,  gcjogen)  (clock), 
winding,  bie  Ä^'ümmung  (-,  -en), 
windmill,  bie  ilöinbmü^ic  (-,  -n). 
window,   bog   ^^enftcr   (-Ö,  -);  — 

opening,    bie   genfteröffnung    (-, 

-en), 
window-pane,  bie  ^cnfterfc^eibc  (-, 

-n). 
wine,  ber  SBein  (-8,  -e). 
winter,  ber  Pointer  (-8,  -);  —  time,  ■ 

bie  Sßintcrjcit  (-,  -en), 
wipe,  lüifc^en,  fid)  ab^mifd)cn;  —  off, 

ab-tt)ifd^en. 
wise,  meife,  fliig. 
wish,  ber  3Bunfc^  (-eg,  -^e). 
wish,  v.,  n)ünfd)en,  moUcn. 


wit,  ber  2Bi^  (-eg,  -e);  the  —  of 

Berlin,  ber  53erliner  iißilj  (-eg). 
witch,  bie  ."pefe  (-,  -n). 
with,  prep.,  mit,  bei. 
wither,  öermelfcn,  öcrtrocfnen. 
within,  prep.,  inncrl)alb. 
without,  prep.,  ot)m. 
withstand,   n3ibcrfte^en   Cmiberftanb, 

miberftanbcn)  (dat.),  überbauem. 
witness,    bag   3fugnig   (-feg,   -fe); 

bear  — ,  geugen  (of,  öon). 
witness,  7'.,  Slugcn^euge  (-n,  -n)  fein 

(Don), 
woman,  bie  ^^rau  (-,  -en),  bag  SBeib 

(-eg,  -er),  bie  ^i^aucngperfon  (-, 

-en), 
wonder,  fic^  tDunbem  (at,  über  w. 

ace). 
wonderful,  trunberbar,  ^errlic^. 
woo,  tüerbcn  (a,  0)  (um). 
wood,  bag  ,§oIj  (-eg,  ^cr);  — s,  bag 

§oIj,  ber  ^aib   (-eg,  ^er),  bag 

©e^ölj    (-eg,   -e);   —   pipe,    bie 

^otspfeife  (-,  -n). 
wooden,  ^öljern,  aug  ^olj;  —  shed, 

ber   53rcttcrfd)uppcn    (-g,   -);  — 

shoe,  ber  v^oljpantoffcl  (-g,  -). 
woodpecker,  ber  Specht  (-eg,  -e). 
word,  bag  ^ort  (-eg,  -e  or  -^er); 

bring  or  take  —  to,  benad^ric^* 

tigen  {w.  ace). 
work,  bie  Slrbcit  (-,  -en),  bag  iScrf 

(-g,  -e);  be  at  — ,  an  ber  iHrbcit 

fein;  iron  and  steel  works,   bie 

6ifen=  unb  ota^lroerfe. 
work,  v.,   arbeiten;  —  one's  way 

out  of  something,  fic^  aug  etmag 

f)eraug=arbeitcn. 
working  class,  bie  arbeitcnbc  piaffe 

(-,  -n). 
working-man,  ber  :?(rbeitcr  (-g,  -). 
working    people,    bie    :?lrbeitglcutc 

iplur.). 
world,  bie  5Belt  (-,  -en);  —  citv, 

bie  Üöcltftabt  (  -,  -c). 
worldly,  mcltUd). 


GERMAN   PROSE   COMPOSITION 


191 


worse,  fc^Iimmcr. 

worship,  ocrct)rcu;  iutr.,  bctcn. 

worst,  see  bad. 

worthy,  toürbig,  lucrt  {w.  gen.). 

wound,  bic  iBimbc  (-,  -n). 

wrath,  bic  (irbittcrung  (-,  -en),  bic 

SBut. 
wreath,  bcr  Äranj  (-c«,  -^c). 
wretched,  armfclig. 
wriggle   around,    fic^   f)in   imb   l^cr 

bemcgcn. 
wring,  ringen  (a,  u). 
write,  fd)rcibcn  (ic,  ie), 
writing   room,   bag   ©c^rcibjimmcr 

(-Ö,  -). 
wrong,  hai  Unrcd^t  (-ö). 
wrong,  adj.,  unrecht,  falfc^;  matters 

go  — ,  Co  ge{)t  [c^(ecf)t. 
wroth,  gomig;  wax  — ,  jornig  n)er= 

ben. 
wrought,  gearbeitet,  gef)auen  (=cut 

out). 
v:ry,  [d^ief;  make  a  —  face,  ba^ 

@e[ic^t    üersie^en    (oerjog,    öer= 

sogen). 


yard,  bcr  ^of  (-c8,  ^c). 

year,  ha^  3af)r  (-e8,  -c);  twelve 

old,  jiüölfiä^rig. 
yellow,  gelb, 
yesterday,  geftem. 
yet,  bod),  noc^,  bennoc^. 
yield,  ber  Grtrag  (-eg,  -e)  (of,  an 

w.  dat.). 
yield,  v.,  liefern,  genjä^ren. 
yonder,  brüben. 
young,  jung;  —  one  (oi  animals), 

ba^  3unge  (-n,  -n). 
youth,  bie  3uflcnb;  (=young  man) 

ber  junge  DJJann   (-eö,  -^er),  ber 

Jüngling    (-ö,   -e),   ber   33urfc^e 

(-n,  -n). 


zealous,  eifrig. 

zenith,  ber  öö{)epunft  (-€,  -e). 

zigzag,  ber  S'^d^ad  (-3,  -e). 


fNIVERSITr  OP  CALIFORNIA 


LIBRARY 


STAMPED  BELOW 


U 


r-^ 


^6  A^'^^ 


oec  J8 


/i^'JU 


«a.  ciK.  JAN  2  6   1979 


DEC  12 1986      w 


GENERAL  LIBRARY  -  U.C.  BERKELEY 


BGÜDöbb=iD7 


UNIVERSITY  QF  CALlF^ilNiA.  UltfURY 


